OG12的120至127题的分析

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subordinate
to the manager’s desire to wrest con-
trol of the labor process from the
workers.  Technological change is
(25)  construed as the outcome of negoti-
ations among interested parties who
seek to incorporate their own interests
into the design and configuration of the
machinery.  This position represents
(30)  the new mainstream called social con-
structivism.
The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological deter-
minism:  technological determinists are
(35) supposed to believe, for example, that
machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society.  The alternative to
constructivism, in other words, is to
         view technology as existing outside
(40) society, capable of directly influencing
skills and work organization.
     Clark refutes the extremes of the
constructivists by both theoretical and
empirical arguments.  Theoretically he
(45)  defines “technology” in terms of rela-
tionships between social and technical
variables.  Attempts to reduce the
meaning of technology to cold, hard
metal are bound to fail, for machinery
(50)  is just scrap unless it is organized
functionally and supported by approp-
riate systems of operation and main-
tenance.  At the empirical level Clark
shows how a change at the telephone
(55)  exchange from maintenance-intensive
electromechanical switches to semi-
electronic switching systems altered
work tasks, skills, training opportuni-
ties, administration, and organization of
(60)  workers.  Some changes Clark attrib-
utes to the particular way management
and labor unions negotiated the intro-
duction of the technology, whereas
others are seen as arising from the
(65)  capabilities and nature of the technol-
ogy itself.  Thus Clark helps answer
the question:  “When is social choice
decisive and when are the concrete
characteristics of technology more
important?”

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这个很简单，C 不赘述了！

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127. Which of the following statements about Clark’s study
of the telephone exchange can be inferred from
information in the passage?
(A) Clark’s reason for undertaking the study was to
undermine Braverman’s analysis of the function
of technology.
(B) Clark’s study suggests that the implementation
of technology should be discussed in the context
of confl ict between labor and management.
(C) Clark examined the impact of changes in the
technology of switching at the exchange in
terms of overall operations and organization.
(D) Clark concluded that the implementation of new
switching technology was equally benefi cial to
management and labor.
(E) Clark’s analysis of the change in switching
systems applies only narrowly to the situation at
the particular exchange that he studied

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定位：The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological deter-
minism:  technological determinists are
supposed to believe, for example, that
machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society.  从constructivist的观点来描述determinist的观点肯定是不准确的，所以用 supposed to believe，表示的是一种假设。A

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126. The author of the passage uses the expression “are
supposed to” in line 27 primarily in order to
(A) suggest that a contention made by
constructivists regarding determinists is
inaccurate
(B) defi ne the generally accepted position of
determinists regarding the implementation of
technology
(C) engage in speculation about the motivation of
determinists
(D) lend support to a comment critical of the
position of determinists
(E) contrast the historical position of determinists
with their position regarding the exchange
modernization

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constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism. misrepresenting 和misstatement 是一个意思。所以是D.

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125. According to the passage, constructivists employed
which of the following to promote their argument?
(A) Empirical studies of business situations involving
technological change
(B) Citation of managers supportive of their position
(C) Construction of hypothetical situations that
support their view
(D) Contrasts of their view with a misstatement of
an opposing view
(E) Descriptions of the breadth of impact of
technological change

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Put more strongly,technology can be a primary determi-nant of social and managerial organization.  Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion。clark相信technology已经被obscured，所以取否就是clark的观点了。(B) There would be greater understanding of the
role played by technology in producing social change.
迷惑项是E，the role of business,not mentioned.

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124. The information in the passage suggests that Clark
believes that which of the following would be true if
social constructivism had not gained widespread
acceptance?
(A) Businesses would be more likely to modernize
without considering the social consequences of
their actions.
(B) There would be greater understanding of the
role played by technology in producing social
change.
(C) Businesses would be less likely to understand
the attitudes of employees affected by
modernization.
(D) Modernization would have occurred at a slower
rate.
(E) Technology would have played a greater part in
determining the role of business in society.

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constructivist关于technological change的观点是什么呢？
The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological deter-
minism:  technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society.  The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization. 所以选择A。