GWD-12-Q5&7 各种求回复~

yuchendawn

GWD-12-Q4 to Q7:

     The term “episodic memory” was

      introduced by Tulving to refer to what he


      considered a uniquely human capacity—


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               the ability to recollect specific past events,

(5)      to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

(10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

(15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

      jays to remember the type, location, and

      freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.
Jays


(25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade


more quickly. Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

(30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

      reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by


using the term “episodic-like” memory.

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Q5:
According to the passage, Clayton’s experiment depended on the fact that scrub jays

A. recall “when” and “where” information more distinctly than “what” information
B. are not able to retain information about a single past event for an indefinitely long period of time
C. choose peanuts over crickets when the crickets have been stored for a long period of time
D. choose crickets over peanuts whenever both are available
E. prefer peanuts that have been stored for a short period to crickets that have been stored for a short period
觉得C,D都对。总觉得C是实验结果，而D才是fact。
C is correct.
GWD-12-Q7:
It can be inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the following statements?

A.     Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.
B.     Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory.
C.     The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.
D.     Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals.
E.     The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory.
我选的是B，应该选A.
A是文章最后一句话hint&文章开篇T声称EM是unique human capacity得出。
同理，B也对啊……
谢谢大家！我阅读不好，大家能帮帮忙的话不胜感激！

yuchendawn

Q7是不是因为这句：
“Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

     reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information. ”？
没有reveal whether可以reexperience，说明不确定到底能不能reexperience，B直接否定是不对的？
是因为这个么？

voleroiseau

对于第一题我是这样理解的，这个实验的目的其实是：developed criteria to test for episodic memories in animals.  然后Clayton认为这个criteria是：what, where and when.
所以他的实验所依赖的东西比须是能展现这三个要素的，c包含了这三个，首先jay是找到东西了，解决了where的问题，然后crickets or peanuts解决了what的问题, preference解决了when的问题。
答案d虽然是个正确的实验事实，但是却不是Clayton想要的那个，因为whenever both are available无法解决when的问题
不知道我这样是不是说清楚了

对于第二题，我觉得你后面讲的是正解。