大全第48篇的两个题目

hanshipeng

Passage 48 (48/63)
When A. Philip Randolph assumed假定，设想；采取 the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters,搬运工人，清洁工 he began a ten-year battle to win recognition from the Pullman Company, the largest private employer of Black people in the United States and the company that controlled the railroad industry’s sleeping car and parlor service. In 1935 the Brotherhood became the first Black union recognized by a major corporation. Randolph’s efforts in the battle helped transform the attitude of Black workers toward unions and toward themselves as an identifiable group; eventually, Randolph helped to weaken organized labor’s antagonism对抗 toward Black workers.
In the Pullman contest争夺Randolph faced formidable可怕的，另人生畏的；难以克服的 obstacles. The first was Black workers’ understandable skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity.
The Brotherhood possessed a number of advantages, however, including Randolph’s own tactical abilities. In 1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against Pullman. Such a threat, on a national scale, under Black leadership, helped replace the stereotype of the Black worker as servant with the image of the Black worker as wage earner. In addition, the porters’ very isolation aided the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities; their segregated life protected the union’s internal communications from interception. That the porters were a homogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity as well. But it was only in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters’ representative.
Not content with this triumph, Randolph brought the Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor, where it became the equal of the Federation’s 105 other unions. He reasoned that as a member union, the Brotherhood would be in a better position to exert pressure on member unions that practiced race restrictions. Such restrictions were eventually found unconstitutional in 1944.
2.    In using the word “understandable” (line 14), the author most clearly conveys
(A) sympathy with attempts by the Brotherhood between 1925 and 1935 to establish an independent union
(B) concern that the obstacles faced by Randolph between 1925 and 1935 were indeed formidable
(C) ambivalence about the significance of unions to most Black workers in the 1920’s
(D) appreciation of the attitude of many Black workers in the 1920’s toward unions
(E) regret at the historical attitude of unions toward Black workers
第二题为什么选D 不选E呢，文中说这个是个OBSTACLE啊，怎么还会appreciation呢
5.    The passage suggests that in the 1920’s a company in the United States was able to
(A) use its own funds to set up a union
(B) require its employees to join the company’s own union
(C) develop a single labor policy for all its employees with little employee dissent
(D) pressure its employees to contribute money to maintain the company’s own union
(E) use its resources to prevent the passage of federal legislation that would have facilitated the formation of independent unions
答案是A，可是在文中我找不到对应的出处····

有木有童鞋可以帮忙看下的·

leslielu

第2题我也错了，后来查了一下，appreciation有“Awareness or delicate perception--from thefreedictionary”、“理解、体谅、同情--from iciba”的意思，能够解释为什么用了understandable，是说他对“Black workers’ skepticism toward unions”表示理解，并不感到惊讶。而E是说作者为当年工会对黑人员工的态度感到悔恨、惋惜，即使作者理解黑人不diao工会是因为工会先不diao黑人，但没有进一步表示出作者对这一原因所表示出的主观情绪。

第5题， But it was only in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters’ representative. 直到30年代初法律开始禁止公司用公司的钱来维持自己的工会， B在最终成为代表porters的组织。

leslielu

另外求解一下第3题：

3.    The passage suggests which of the following about the response of porters to the Pullman Company’s own union?
(A) Few porters ever joined this union.
(B) Some porters supported this union before 1935.
(C) Porters, more than other Pullman employees, enthusiastically supported this union.
(D) The porters’ response was most positive after 1935.（B）
(E) The porters’ response was unaffected by the general skepticism of Black workers concerning unions.

难道B选项的some是从原文的"weakened"中推出来的？(An additional obstacle was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity.
) 。我选的A，是因为support不能等同于ever join吗？