7. There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation of scientific finding, namely, the replication of results by other scientists. Poor scientific work on the part of any one scientist, which can include anything from careless reporting practices to fraud, is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct the experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.
(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.
(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.
(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.
答案:A,我是用排除法得的A,可是,若A是 Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years after they are replicated. 就削弱了结论:
It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct the experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
可是A说的是before,能削弱吗?
5. A gas tax of one cent per gallon would raise one billion dollars per year at current consumption rates. Since a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty billion dollars per year, it seems a perfect way to deal with the federal budget deficit. This tax would have the additional advantage that the resulting drop in the demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our country from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.
Which one of the following most clearly identifies an error in the author’s reasoning?
A) The author cites irrelevant data.
(B) The author relies on incorrect current consumption figures.
(C) The author makes incompatible assumptions.
(D) The author mistakes an effect for a cause.
(E) The author appeals to conscience rather than reason.
答案:C,我看了好几遍,都不知为什么是这个错误,能否讲讲?
谢谢.
5我的理解是有2个假设，1：A gas tax of one cent per gallon would raise one billion dollars per year推a tax of fifty cents per gallon would raise fifty billion dollars per year这里假设别的因素不会变化。2：dependent on foreign oil producers只是因为价格的问题，没有其他的因素。
Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years after they are replicated. 就削弱了结论:
It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct the experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
可是A说的是before,能削弱吗?
5. A gas tax of one cent per gallon would raise one billion dollars per year at current consumption rates. Since a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty billion dollars per year, it seems a perfect way to deal with the federal budget deficit. This tax would have the additional advantage that the resulting drop in the demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our country from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.
Which one of the following most clearly identifies an error in the author’s reasoning?
A) The author cites irrelevant data.
(B) The author relies on incorrect current consumption figures.
(C) The author makes incompatible assumptions.
(D) The author mistakes an effect for a cause.
(E) The author appeals to conscience rather than reason.
答案:C,我看了好几遍,都不知为什么是这个错误,能否讲讲?
谢谢.
