5月28日GMAT考试-语法新题

myice

1.        …stuted (也许是stated) as an innovative material to use in dam construction, not mention other things, the concrete ....
提供者myclover 730备注：只记得上述这个正确答案，并且简化过了，做题时注意concrete(水泥)是主语，前后使用有关联的动词要考虑到水泥是否做这个动作，小心为上。

2.        He was injured when he went to school while riding bicycle.
提供者iceberg07备注：这个考得是when和while的用法，我选了只有一个when的选项。
Prep Notes补充：while 引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有 be,则从句主语和 be 可省略。while 后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。在此题中为：…when he went to school while (he was) riding bicycle.

myice

3.        提供者mikiluang备注：语法考了很多比较题型，as和than 的考题很多。(酱油题)

4.        (1) … despite covering the planet, the earth … largely based on …
(2) … although it covers the planet, the earth has a thrust … largely on the basis of …
(3) … although covering the planet, the earth … largely on the basis of …
提供者tangsusie备注：好难记- -||
→参考观点：涉及到Awkward和Wordy的问题，看上去是(1)比较舒服。欢迎开帖讨论！

myice

5.        感谢提供者Pudgysphere的GWD原题：GWD-29-Q39
Scientists have recently discovered that the ultrathin, layered construction of a butterfly’s wings, the same as the one making some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon of iridescence, are enabling the insect to control how much heat energy is absorbed by its wings and how much is reflected away.
A.    wings, the same as the one making some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon of iridescence, are enabling
B.    wings, which is the same one that makes some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon of iridescence, that also enables
C.    wings is the same as the one that makes some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon of iridescence, enabling
D.    wings—the same construction that makes some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon of iridescence—also enables
E.    wings—of the same construction that makes some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon of iridescence—also enable
→考点1：主谓一致。从句中主语为construction而不是划线的wings(GMAC 惯用伎俩之一)，单数。(A, E有此错误)
→考点2：成分残缺。一句完整的句子需要主谓，常见错误缺少谓语。(B有此错误)
→考点3：简洁。 “which is” 结构不如同位语简洁。(B有此错误)
→考点4：改变句意及重心。(C有此问题)
→考点5：破折号用法。前后形式内容须一致。(E有此错误)
→考点6：修饰歧义。 “making” 可做状语修饰之前的discovered，不如 “that makes” 修饰清晰。(A有此问题)
→考点7：指代歧义。 “one” 可指代 “construction”? (若不可指代，则C有此问题)

myice

更新2

2.        He was injured when he was struck while he was riding the bicycle.
提供者iceberg07备注：这个考得是when和while的用法，我选了只有一个when的选项。
提供者hikarugaara备注：就是将一个人was injured while he was riding a bicycle when he was struck?  抱歉单词忘记了，反正五个选项都是把while和when的位置对换。我觉得这题是考逻辑的吧。还有一题我记得考了credit 的介词搭配，可是我不记得了！于是我选了with。(zliycdr十分感动，第一回知道原来语法狗也有作用的说)
提供者flyincat 720备注：考了个was injured when he was struck while he was riding the bicycle(狗里有)
→参考观点：此题不是考While的省略了，经过后人补充发现是考when & while的用法(可能还有语序)。

myice

更新2

2.        He was injured when he was struck while he was riding the bicycle.
提供者iceberg07备注：这个考得是when和while的用法，我选了只有一个when的选项。
提供者hikarugaara备注：就是将一个人was injured while he was riding a bicycle when he was struck?  抱歉单词忘记了，反正五个选项都是把while和when的位置对换。我觉得这题是考逻辑的吧。还有一题我记得考了credit 的介词搭配，可是我不记得了！于是我选了with。(zliycdr十分感动，第一回知道原来语法狗也有作用的说)
提供者flyincat 720备注：考了个was injured when he was struck while he was riding the bicycle(狗里有)
→参考观点：此题不是考While的省略了，经过后人补充发现是考when & while的用法(可能还有语序)。

myice

        比较-主语比较
对"主谓宾"全的句型主语比较：A do something than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）。时态要据后定。There be  句型等同于一般的"主谓宾"俱全的句型。
主语若相同，可省，但助动词不能省。如：As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, [fewer people] will enter the labour force [in the1980s] than (few people省略) did [in the 1960s and 1970s], a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.
对只有主谓（如果主语有定语成分，必须要that/those来指代），没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下：
I eat faster than you. 注意与下句区别: I eat apple faster than you do. 如果写成I eat apple faster than you. 按GMAC的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。
主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致，则需补出助词，如： The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago

myice

        比较-主语比较
对"主谓宾"全的句型主语比较：A do something than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）。时态要据后定。There be  句型等同于一般的"主谓宾"俱全的句型。
主语若相同，可省，但助动词不能省。如：As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, [fewer people] will enter the labour force [in the1980s] than (few people省略) did [in the 1960s and 1970s], a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.
对只有主谓（如果主语有定语成分，必须要that/those来指代），没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下：
I eat faster than you. 注意与下句区别: I eat apple faster than you do. 如果写成I eat apple faster than you. 按GMAC的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。
主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致，则需补出助词，如： The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago

myice

        以“地球比月球大六倍”这个句子为例，下面简单讲一下表示倍数比较"times larger than/as large as"的句型结构。
[1] 倍数的表示一般情况下为：数字＋times，如六倍即为：6 times。比较特殊的是两倍，为twice。
[2] 要表示地球比月球大六倍，我们一般可以有下面三种最基本的表示方法：
a)主谓＋倍数＋as        形容词原形 as＋宾语：The earth is six times as large as the moon.  
b)主谓＋倍数＋形容词比较级 than＋宾语：The earth is 6 times larger than the moon.
c)主谓＋倍数＋形容词对应的表示量的名词 of＋宾语：The earth is 6 times the size of the moon.  
其中，形容词与其对应的表示量的名词，包括large/big – size, long – length, wide – width等等.
[3] 与上面三种写法相对应，如果我们要表示，地球的大小比月球的六倍还大，只要在句子中加入more than即可，则可以写为：
a) The earth is more than 6 times as large as the moon.
b) The earth is more than 6 times larger than the moon.
c) The earth is more than 6 times the size of the moon.
[4] 另外有一系列表示倍数的词：double, triple, quadruple等，这类词本身可以做形容词，表示倍数。
如：The city was enclosed by walls of double thickness.        有如本题：The earnings in this quarter are (more than) double the earnings in the previous quarter. 同时，这类词也可以作为动词。以double为例，常见的基本句型包括：
a) double in size/number/value etc
Within two years the company had doubled in size.
The church has doubled its membership in the last five years.
b) double the size/number/amount etc (of something)
A promise was given to double the number of police on duty.
[5] 第三类表示倍数的形容词为：twofold, threefold, fourfold, tenfold等。以twofold为例，其意思为 two times as much or as many of something。该类词为形容词，多用于构成形容词＋名词的词组，如：a threefold increase in revenue，少用比较两个事物之间的倍数关系。

myice

4.        (1) … despite covering the planet, the earth … largely based on …
(2) … although it covers the planet, the earth has a thrust … largely on the basis of …
(3) … although covering the planet, the earth … largely on the basis of …
提供者tangsusie备注：好难记- -||
来自flyincat的讨论观点：despite后只能跟名词，故选项(1)错误，并且由于其它选项也有瑕疵，故认为正确选项或许不在此内。
→参考观点：谢谢楼上的观点，刚才查了一下知识点，支持楼上说法。欢迎继续跟帖讨论！