bigpig

11.        本月2次  讲工作在家不如在办公室好，

上月机经 5次
提供观点：因为——
（1）在家里工作的人比较懒散，没有set schedule，所以会干…，会avoid working

（2）在家工作的人因为socially & professionally isolated，没法借出最新的information，所以career advancement少

（3）在家里工作会有很多distraction：noisy neighbor, household chores, telephone calls。
总结就是在家里的话，赚钱会比在办公室里面工作少

bigpig

12.        argument :救护车那篇
West cambria volunteer ambulance service vs east cambria commercial ambulance service

上月机经6次
救护车那篇，作者建议将志愿者换成商业救护
原题：“A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.”
提供观点：
1.        对事故的反映时间诚然是评价服务质量的一个因素但并不是唯一的因素.所以仅仅因为东区的商业救护班的反映时间短就认定商业救护办的服务更好是gratuitous的.
2.        就算东区的商业班的服务质量更好也并不意味着,西区用商业班就会有一样的成效.因为东西区的情况是不同的.很可能西区的志愿者更有服务,献身意识.
3.        此外除非商业班收十分昂贵的服务费用或者有十分多的事故事实这些都是不可能的, 改成商业是不见得就可以给该镇增加很多税收的.所以把这一点作为理由是不正确的.
considerable revenue significant significance consequently consequence ... is insufficient evidence for the claim that this will be the case for ... ambulance-crew proficiency training emergency

1、        错误类比 两个城市不一样，很可能因为西和东的不一样，比如，路的情况traffic condition。可能东的车辆更好。服务的态度更好。
而且没有说东的志愿情况如何，很可能东的志愿比商业的快。
2、        草率的判断：就算是商业的更快，也不一定更好。反映时间不是唯一的因素，有其他——比如服务的质量，态度，器材等等。
3、        另外，除非商业可以charge considerable fees 或者 accident rate非常高，否则未必带来可观的revenue。
北美范文：
In this argument the author concludes that West Cambria can increase revenues and provide better care to accident victims by disbanding the volunteer ambulance service and hiring a commercial one. The author reasons that this change would yield additional revenues because service fees could be imposed for ambulance use. The author also reasons that the city would provide better service to accident victims because a commercial service would respond more quickly to accidents than a volunteer service would. The author’s argument is flawed in two respects.
To begin with, the author’s plan for raising revenue for West Cambria is questionable. Unless the service fees are considerable or the accident rate is extremely high, it is unlikely that significant revenues will be raised by charging a fee for ambulance use. Consequently, revenue generation is not a good reason to disband the volunteer service and hire a commercial service.
Next, the author’s belief that better patient care would be provided by a commercial ambulance service than by a volunteer service is based on insufficient evidence. The fact that the commercial service in East Cambria has a lower average response time than the volunteer service in West Cambria is insufficient evidence for the claim that this will be the case for all commercial services. Moreover, the author’s recommendation depends upon the assumption that response time to an accident is the only factor that influences patient care. Other pertinent factors—such as ambulance-crew proficiency and training, and emergency equipment—are not considered.
In conclusion, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to show that substantial revenue for the town could be raised by charging service fees for ambulance use. Additionally, the author would have to provide more evidence to support the claim that commercial ambulance services provide better patient care than volunteer services.

bigpig

13.        讲一个Apex公司，去年给manager买了电脑带回家用，然后manager就会在家办公，公司收益增加了。所以other companies应该学习Apex，提高公司profit

bigpig

14.         本月2次
Disc Depot公司在实施了a new radio advertising campaign后，business increase.为了获得同样效果，Calo's clothing公司也应该实施这个广告。

上月机经7次
The following appeared in a memorandum from the owner of Carlo’s Clothing to the staff:
“Since Disc Depot, the music store on the next block, began a new radio advertising campaign last year, its business has grown dramatically, as evidenced by the large increase in foot traffic into the store. While the Disc Depot’s owners have apparently become wealthy enough to retire, profits at Carlo’s Clothing have remained stagnant for the past three years. In order to boost our sales and profits, we should therefore switch from newspaper advertising to frequent radio advertisements like those for Disc Depot.”(124)
思路参考：
1. 错误类比。Depot Disc是music/entertainment industry而Carol’s Clothing是fashion，之类的。
2. 错误结论。increase of foot traffic可以说是有更多的顾客来或者是顾客在店里呆了更长时间，但是不一定是profit增加了。
3. Clothing store的profit少也许有别的原因，而不是marketing不够。
目前没有参考范文

bigpig

15.        有个健身的一个机器，特别好卖，所以这个TOWN为了最大化居民的fitness，应该引入这个机器

上月机经7次
原题：The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.
“Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our town’s residents, we should, therefore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines.”
本地报纸上给编者的信板块：
“一份叫Muscle Monthly的健康杂志规律性地刊登使用最好的训练器械的健美运动员的照片。据skyview报摊的摊主说它经常卖完。为了提高我镇居民的健康水平，我们应该给我们的新健身中心装备这样的器械。”
提供观点：
1、        如果杂志卖光得快不一定是因为这个器材好，很可能是价钱便宜，和其他的内容。
2、        那些人很可能并不真正用这些机器，而只是摆出造型。
3、        如果是为了body-building的机器很可能不能fitness。比如，cardiovascular fitness。
1、        The bodybuilders may just pretend to be using the state-of-the-art exercise machines while, in fact, their excellent body conditions are due to the use of other types of equipment. And, they just do so for the advertisement purpose.
2、        The circulation is just one of the indicators of the popularity of the magazine. What is more, I can find no direct relationship between the popularity of the magazine and the author's suggestion that we should equip the community with the state-of-the-art excercise machine.
3、        The machines for body building will not necessarily have the same effect on fitness.

下面例文来自北美范文
In this argument the author concludes that the new community fitness center should be equipped with the state-of-the-art exercise machines featured in Muscle Monthly magazine. In support of this recommendation two reasons are offered: (1) Muscle Monthly contains pictures of bodybuilders using such machines, and (2) Muscle Monthly is a popular magazine, as evidenced by the fact that it frequently sells out at the local newsstand. This argument is questionable on two counts.
First, a major implication of the argument is that the bodybuilders pictured using the machines in Muscle Monthly magazine reached their state of fitness as a result of using these machines. The only evidence offered to support this contention, however, is the pictures in the magazine. It is possible that the bodybuilders pictured use different equipment for their workouts and are merely posing with the machines for advertising purposes.
Second, the author assumes that machines that are suitable for bodybuilding will also be suitable to help maximize the fitness levels of the town’s residents. This assumption is highly questionable. Machines designed to increase muscle development are significantly different from those designed to increase cardiovascular fitness. Consequently, it is unlikely that the machines pictured in the magazine will be of much use to help maximize the fitness levels of the town’s residents.
In conclusion, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to show that the bodybuilders pictured using the exercise machines actually used the machines to reach their level of muscle development. Additionally, the author would have to show that the machines were suitable for increasing the fitness levels of the persons using them.

bigpig

16.        说一个咖啡馆在网站上建了一个feedback的专页，并将网址打印在给每位顾客的Receipt上面。发现一段时间后只有一百多条抱怨和几十条建议，而在此期间咖啡馆却售出了30000杯饮料，于是作者认为咖啡馆的服务和产品非常好。

上月机经4次
A Cafe build a website to allow the feed back of its customer in the past six months. The address of the site is clearly sited on the **(忘了，单词大家能认识),The site only receive 178 complaint and 33 advise,but the number of  total receipts is 33,000.Conclusion:the Cafe does not need to evaluate and improve the service.
[V2] 一个customer service department manager的report:
从六个月前开始，有一个Cafe在每一个receipt上面都印了一个website address，是一个customer feedback page。所以每一个顾客都不难找到。到现在为止，该公司只收到一百多条complaints和不到一百条suggestions，而从有feedback page到现在该公司一共卖了三万杯coffee drink（总之是很大的一个数）。因此可以assume that顾客对这个公司的产品和服务fully satisfied，不需要改进提升之类。
没有找到对应的题库，但有一道类似的题目（即JJ第39道），观点可以借鉴
类似：The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum:
“On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia’s passengers.”（39）

bigpig

17.        Argument关键字，Software company, Temporary workforce

上月机经7次
argument 是说有个 software company 为了提高profit, 打算switching their full time worker to temperate workforce. 理由是因为汽车行业有公司通过用part-time worker 来降低成本，并且取得了很好的成效，所以这个software 公司也打算这么做，说是把25％full-time 换成part-time 就可以增加短期收入和保证长期利益稳定
[V2]estman Software company那篇，说要学习auto industry将人换成temporary basis to cut cost。说可以get high profit。
以下为上个月寂静中的观点：
[v2]一家电脑软件公司三年没利润了，因此公司must cut the budgets。因为computer software industry普遍employ part-time workers，这家公司也将要这么做。part-time worker的工资少，而且可以不用给职工福利。这家公司即将shift 25%的full-time worker换为part-time的，这样公司会增加利润。
提供观点：
1、        错误的类比：软件业和汽车业
2、        不一定能带来收入、利益的稳定：可能导致员工积极性下降

bigpig

18.        说一个工厂8年前通过每招募一个员工能够增加的Revenue比近2年的多， CEO觉得是近两年招的人没有8年前的好

上月机经5次
在一个叫Ne什么公司的memorandum，eight years ago，公司每新招一名员工，公司的利润都会上涨。但in the past two years, 公司的profits不但没有因为新招一名员工而增加，反而has been falling，于是the director of manufactory criticizes we are not hiring the right person who have the energy and motivation as before. So the failure of the Human resource department account for the falling of the profits.
原题：The following appeared in a memorandum from the CEO of a consumer electronics manufacturing firm to the head of the company's human resources department, who is responsible for hiring new employees:
“Eight years ago, our firm’s profits were increasing with each new employee we added. We discovered that each employee had the skills and motivation to generate more revenue for the firm than his or her salary cost us. However, for the past two years, our profit margin has been falling, even though we have continued to add employees. Thus, our newer employees are not generating enough revenue to justify their salaries. We must not be hiring new employees with the same level of skills and motivation as those we used to attract. Clearly, then, failures in the human resources department account for our falling profits.”
提供观点：
1、忽略他因：存在员工之外的因素影响利润
2、错误的归罪于HR
3、错误的认为事物恒定：八年前的历史数据不能用来评价目前的状况

bigpig

19.        某国家贸易逆差，是以出口sugar为主，所以这个国家要降低糖的价格来增加在国际市场上的竞争力，然后这样就可以减小逆差

上月机经6次
原题：The following appeared as part of an article in a weekly newsmagazine:
“The country of Sacchar can best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of sugar, its primary export. Such an action would make Sacchar better able to compete for markets with other sugar-exporting countries. The sale of Sacchar’s sugar abroad would increase, and this increase would substantially reduce Sacchar’s trade deficit.”
提供观点：
1、比起价格下降而带来的损失产量提高的影响是不是更大不是定数Increasing sales by lowering the price of sugar will not yeild an increase in income unless the increase in sales is sufficient to overcome the loss in income due to the lower price. in the absence of ...
2、可能性价比本来就很有竞争力了不需要降价，也可能价格已经很低了没有降低的空间了
3、降低进口可能是一个更好的办法A trade-deficit occurs when a country spends more on imports than it earns from exports. However, the author provides no evidence that substantiates this assumption. It is possible that revenues from imports will increase dramatically in the near future; if so, the course of action proposed by the author might be unnecessary to solve Sacchar's trade deficit proplem. To the extent that this is the case...

北美范文
The author of this article argues that the country of Sacchar can best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of its main export, sugar. The line of reasoning is that this action would make Sacchar more competitive with other sugar-exporting countries, thereby increasing sales of Sacchar’s sugar abroad and, in turn, substantially reducing the trade-deficit. This line of reasoning is unconvincing for a couple of reasons.
In the first place, this argument is based on an oversimplified analysis of the trade deficit problem Sacchar currently faces. A trade-deficit occurs when a country spends more on imports than it earns from exports. The author’s argument relies on the assumption that earnings from imports will remain constant. However, the author provides no evidence that substantiates this assumption. It is possible that revenues from imports will increase dramatically in the near future; if so, the course of action proposed by the author might be unnecessary to solve Sacchar’s trade deficit problem. Conversely, it is possible that revenues from imports are likely to decrease dramatically in the near future. To the extent that this is the case, lowering sugar prices may have a negligible countervailing effect, depending on the demand for Sacchar’s sugar.
In the second place, increasing sales by lowering the price of sugar will not yield an increase in income unless the increase in sales is sufficient to overcome the loss in income due to the lower price. This raises three questions the author fails to address. First, will a price decrease in fact stimulate demand? Second, is demand sufficient to meet the increase in supply? Third, can Sacchar increase the sugar production sufficiently to overcome the deficit? In the absence of answers to these questions, we cannot assess the author’s proposal.
In conclusion, the author provides an incomplete analysis of the problem and, as a result, provides a questionable solution. To better evaluate the proposal, we would need to know how revenues from imports are likely to change in the future. To strengthen the argument, the author must provide evidence that demand is sufficient to meet the proposed increase in supply, and that Sacchar has sufficient resources to accommodate the increase.

bigpig

20.        corporations should move to Helios这个地方, 因为H城就业率比周围城市高，即使在萧条时期。 In additon, H 历史上就是一个工业区，能够提供更多job. 还有，H正在实施什么计划吸引投资

上月机经7次
要与一个H市合作，因为它正在扩大它的商业范围。理由这个H市的失业率低，且是该地区的一个商业中心，并且……（还有个啥原因暂时想不起来了，能考古的话最好~~）
原题：The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life:
“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region’s manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”（6）
提供观点：
1.        作者认为应该到该地区建厂理由是这里的失业率很高。但是却没有给出因果关系。从常理来看这是没有道理的因为失业率高的地方可能更难雇佣到雇员从而使成本增加。
2.        作者认为该地区会鼓励研发，所以应该到该地区投资。但事实上就象作者说的那样该地区是制造业中心怎么可能有很多对技术和科研很熟练的人员。

1，        因为H地区industrial and manufacturing比较attractive，所以那里的工人很可能只适合做这类的，如果缺乏能够做innovative technologies and research的工人labor pool，那么很可能导致失败。
2，        H的低失业率更可能成为坏处。因为比如有less available work force。企业必须提高wage才能吸引他们。提高了COST。
3，        错误的假设过去的成功能够代表未来。比方说已经饱和的资源、过分的竞争、以及可能出现的错误政策，都可能导致H地区的经济不再发达。

北美范文：
In this argument corporations are urged to consider the city of Helios when seeking a new location or new business opportunities. To support this recommendation, the author points out that Helios is the industrial center of the region, providing most of the region’s manufacturing jobs and enjoying a lower-than-average unemployment rate. Moreover, it is argued, efforts are currently underway to expand the economic base of the city by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies. This argument is problematic for two reasons.
To begin with, it is questionable whether the available labor pool in Helios could support all types of corporations. Given that Helios has attracted mainly industrial and manufacturing companies in the past, it is unlikely that the local pool of prospective employees would be suitable for corporations of other types. For example, the needs of research and development companies would not be met by a labor force trained in manufacturing skills. For this reason, it’s unlikely that Helios will be successful in its attempt to attract companies that focus or research and development of innovative technologies.
Another problem with the available work force is its size. Due to the lower than average unemployment rate in Helios, corporations that require large numbers of workers would not find Helios attractive. The fact that few persons are out of work suggests that new corporations will have to either attract new workers to Helios or pay the existing workers higher wages in order to lure them away from their current jobs. Neither of these alternatives seems enticing to companies seeking to relocate.
In conclusion, the author has not succeeded in providing compelling reasons for selecting Helios as the site for a company wishing to relocate. In fact, the reasons offered function better as reasons for not relocating to Helios. Nor has the author provided compelling reasons for companies seeking new business opportunities to choose Helios.