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1.1.10. 工作紧密性与跳槽**
V1 kirnamilk 710
P1:通常学者认为是...(原因,实在不记得了,两个很普通的原因,不重要哈)导致了人们换工作,但是最近有学者提出一个"embedment (嵌入)"的理论,大概是说个人与工作的联系,这种联系越紧,工作就会更稳定,工作就更不容易变动。有3个特点:1)与周围人的联系。2)与community的联系。3)与生活方式的联系。(大家注意我这三条记得不是完全准确啊)。
P2: 但是,有两种极端情况,这种联系太紧,也会导致人换工作,一种是这个人的network太强,认识太多人。还有一种是太投入工作忽视了家庭…
文言文 vitalia (Golden自行确认)
V1
P1:先让步,一般认为:satisfactory(员工满意度)还有一个什么因素是员工离职与否的决定因素.然后,转折说embedment是另一个决定因素,然后就列举了embedment的三个因素
P2:转折,但是embedment不仅能够促进员工留住,而且也有可能促进员工离职.然后是列举了两种情况: 1)connection使得员工有更多机会去了解新的工作机会,从而离职; 2)embedment可能会使得员工在公司和家庭之间产生矛盾.
1 主题题 注意作者TS的语气,有无强转折,强对比等
2 in order to 题
3 except细节(参考:有可能是背景里的第三四两段的小列举/第5段首句):Employee considers company as a community’s big part
Background:(据说提供者叫)巴神
According to Mitchell et al. (2001), job embeddedness represents a broad cluster of ideas that influence an employee's choice to remain in a job, operating like a net or a web in which an individual becomes enmeshed. A person who is highly embedded has many connections within a perceptual life space (Lewin, 1951). Moreover, a person can become enmeshed or embedded in a variety of ways (both on and off the job). The critical aspects of job embeddedness are the extent to which the job is similar to or fits with the other aspects in their life space, the extent to which the person has links to other people or activities, and the ease with which links can be broken--what they would give up if they left. These dimensions are called fit, links and sacrifice. Less concerned with the influence of any one specific connection, job embeddedness focuses on the overall level of connectedness (Mitchell et al., 2001).
介绍工作嵌入度的三个方面:fit (适合), links(联系) and sacrifice(损失)
According to the theory of job embeddedness (Mitchell, Holtom and Lee, 2001), an employee's personal values, career goals and plans for the future must fit with the larger corporate culture and the demands of his or her immediate job (e.g., job knowledge, skills and abilities). In addition, a person will consider how well he or she fits the community and surrounding environment. Job embeddedness assumes that the better the fit, the higher the likelihood that an employee will feel professionally and personally tied to the organization.
讲第一方面----fit(适合),员工的个人价值,职业目标和未来计划必须与公司文化以及他/她个人的工作相一致,也就是fit。员工自己也会考虑自己是否fit其所属团体与环境。越fit,员工越有归属感,越不会跳槽。
Job embeddedness theory suggests that a number of threads link an employee and his or her family in a social, psychological, and financial web that includes work and non-work friends, groups, the community, and the physical environment where they are located. The greater the number of links between the person and the web, the more likely an employee will stay in a job (Mitchell et al., 2001).
讲第二方面----Link(联系)。与方方面面联系越紧密,员工越愿意留在公司。注意这段的小列举
The concept of sacrifice represents the perceived cost of material or psychological benefits that are forfeited by organizational departure. For example, leaving an organization may induce personal losses (e.g., losing contact with friends, personally relevant projects, or perks). The more an employee will have to give up when leaving, the more difficult it will be to sever employment with the organization (Shaw et al., 1998). Examples include non-portable benefits, like stock options or defined benefit pensions, as well as potential sacrifices incurred through leaving an organization like job stability and opportunities for advancement (Shaw et al., 1998). Similarly, leaving a community where they are highly involved in local organizations can be difficult for employees.
讲第三方面----sacrifice(损失)。员工在各方面损失越大,越不愿跳槽。注意这段的小列举 |
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