myice

AI

 

 

42. “Scientists are continually redefining the standards for what is beneficial or harmful to the environment. Since these standards keep shifting, companies should resist changing their products and processes in response to each new recommendation until those recommendations become government regulations.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

“科学家在不断重新制定对环境什么是有利的，什么是有害的的标准。由于这些标准不停变动，面对新建议，公司应该保持他们的产品和流程不变直到新的建议成为国家标准为止。”

1.       科学家的建议也并不一定都是正确的。很有可能他的结论适用面很窄。或者他所得到的数据有错误等等。

2.       对企业来说频繁的变更产品和生产流程会造成很大的经济损失

3.       诚然等待国家制定标准很可能存在滞后等问题但是比较起来以上的问题还是应该等待国家制定标准。此外一个折中的方案是国家成立专门的机构快速地对新的方案和建议做出评价并迅速制定标准split the difference lag evaluate

 

2. Although most people wish to live long lives, attempting to significantly extend the average human life span would be a mistake. If achieved, this would place an enormous burden on resources, lowering the quality of life for everyone.

myice

AI

 

 

39. “It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.”

“人们要在不牺牲实现个人生活的重要方面的情况下达到专业成功是很难的。”

1.     两者并不矛盾而是相互促进相辅相成

2.     科学技术的进步使人更高效率的工作也能让人更好的协调两者的关系

3.     诚然一定的牺牲是必然要做出的但是绝对不是生活中的重要方面

4.      

1.   cost of living, growing population, increasingly scarce resource… all contribute to a radical competitive society. 是客观条件force people to work longer hours, 自然, 无法避免地剥夺了人们的personal life. 这一点在很多发展中国家尤其明显:缺乏社会福利lack of social welfare, 人口膨胀population explosion, 人们面临更大的失业压力.

2.   而反对这种观点的人说, 先进的科技已经帮助人们沟通更加便利,提高效率, 甚至在家中办公, 已经大大地减少了对个人生活的压榨. 但是close scrutiny will reveal that 事实上,这种进步,更加剧了exacerbate人们工作的强度intensity. 提高的效率, 更要求人们一天干更多事, 在家中办公的可能, 也被充分地利用成了加班overtime.

myice

AI

 

 

 

40. “With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and international cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.”

“随着对全球经济和跨国公司的关注增加，人们需要理解他们作为世界公民的角色比作为一个特定国家的公民的角色更重要。”

1.     两者并不是完全对立的环保

2.     事实上两者可以相互促进一个人在一个国家做慈善工作很可能也会有一天为别的国家的人服务

3.     当两者冲突的时候哪个更重要取决与不同的情况。

一个社会相比经济成功应该更重视科学和艺术。

创新带来的好处和带来的坏处一样大

In this fast-pace world, for employers the energy and new ideas of younger workers are more important than the experience and wisdom of older workers.我记不清楚题目是不是用了important这个词，但是确定就是这个意思。

 

myice

AA

 

 

8. The following appeared in a presentation by the chief production manager of a machine parts manufacturing company at a management meeting:

“Our factory in Cookville is our most advanced and efficient. It is capable of producing ten drill bits for each dollar of production costs, whereas none of our other factories can produce more than seven drill bits per dollar of production costs. Therefore, we can reduce our overall drill bit production costs by devoting the Cookville factory entirely to drill bit production. Since reducing the production costs of individual machine parts is the only way to achieve our larger goal of reducing our overall production costs, dedicating the Cookville factory entirely to drill bit production and shifting all other machine part production to our other factories will help us to attain that larger goal.”

Discuss how well reasoned . . .etc.

 

1。某市因为工业污染严重，来这里旅游的旅客减少了很多，政府的收入相应地减少。而最近在该市一些公园发现有矿产资源，所以作者提议让一些企业能在这些公园里开采矿，这样这些企业就能赚钱并愿意支付税，这样政府就能增加税收收入

myice

AA

 

 

12. The following appeared as part of a promotional campaign to sell advertising space in the Daily Gazette to grocery stores in the Marston area.

“Advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will help you increase your sales. Consider the results of a study conducted last month. Thirty sale items from a store in downtown Marston were advertised in the Gazette for four days. Each time one or more of the 30 items was purchased, clerks asked whether the shopper had read the ad. Two-thirds of the 200 shoppers asked answered in the affirmative. Furthermore, more than half the customers who answered in the affirmative spent over $100 at the store.”

Discuss how well reasoned... etc.

在把Gazette日报的广告版向Marston地区的蔬菜商销售的计划：
在Gazette日报宣传特价菜会帮助你提高销售额。考虑上月的一个研究的结果。Marston中心区的一个商店的30种特价菜在Gazette做了4天广告。每当有特价菜被卖出，职员就问顾客是否读过广告。200顾客中的2/3回答是肯定的。而且，持肯定回答的顾客中有超过一半的人在店里的消费超过100美元。

读了广告之后买了特价菜，并不意味着是因为看了广告才去买特价菜。可以有很多因素促使消费者买特价菜。此外作者是想说可以提高总体销售水平但他的论证实际根本没有涉及这一点。起码要给出没有做广告时候一天销售额和做了广告之后的对比。

1，   没有对比没做广告和做广告后sale的对比，只说了消费的人看了广告，并且一半支付了100以上，很可能没有广告的话也一样。

2，   没有建立起因果联系，虽然买东西的人看了广告，但是不代表是因为广告而买的。很可能不存在此因果联系。

3，    没有排除他因。如过sale上升了，那也有可能是别的原因导致的，而不是因为广告。比如thanks giving，比如商品质量提高，花样更多，比如最近的经济很好等等。

myice

AA

 

 

34. The following appeared as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.

“The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the lowest ones available.”

Easy信贷公司的一个经营主管向董事长提交的一份计划：
如果我们将信用卡所得的利润中的一部分捐给一个知名的环保组织换取在我们的信用卡上使用他们的标识的权利，Easy信贷公司将在信用卡服务的竞争中得到很大好处。由于最近的民调显示，很多人都关心环境问题，这一计划将吸引新顾客，提高现有顾客的使用量，并使我们得到比最低利润率要高的利润率。

1环保组织所提供的标识所关心的方面和民众所关心的方面可能不一致

2关心环保问题不意味着他们就一定会采取一些具体的措施象是在这个例子里面购买这个公司的产品

The author assumes that the public's concern about environmental issues will result in its taking steps to do something about the problem-in this case, to use the Easy Credit Company credit card.

3权衡了额外付出的成本和收益之后并不一定值得这么做.

 

1，       首先，关心环境的人，不一定是使用信用卡的。第二，关心环境问题的人，关心的issues不一定与该组织的相同。

2，       因果关系不明确：不一定人们关心环保就一定用使用信用卡的方式来表达。因为More often，人们可能采取更加直接的方式，比如直接donate money to the environmental organization.

3，       另外，利润率关系到收入和支出，很可能两个比较收入小于支出。

 

中文就是说，有一个Manager, 他的三明治店开在一个学校附近，然后就很赚。于是他决定再去其他三个城市挑选类似的地址再开三家，并且指派自己的三个一直跟着自己干的手下去当那三家分店的经历，他估计不久自己的店的sales就会triple

基本就是每一句都可以挑错，大家不用怕～

myice

AA

 

 

112. The following appeared in a memo to the Saluda town council from the town’s business manager.

“Research indicates that those who exercise regularly are hospitalized less than half as often as those who don’t exercise. By providing a well-equipped gym for Saluda’s municipal employees, we should be able to reduce the cost of our group health insurance coverage by approximately 50% and thereby achieve a balanced town budget.”

Saluda镇的商业管理者给镇议会的备忘录：
研究显示有规律地锻炼的人生病的概率比不运动的人要小一半。通过给Saluda的市政雇员提供一个设备良好的体育馆，我们应该可以大约减少50％的健康保险支出并得到平衡的镇预算。

1.     There is no causal relationship between the development of the employees' health and the provision of a well-equipped gym.

2.     Therefore, the reduction of the cost of group health insurance coverage expected by the author is not guaranteed.

3.     Even if the provision of the gym can cause a reduction of the cost, no one can rely on it to achieve a balanced town budget since the health incidents occur very randomly.

myice

AI

 

 

29. “Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results.”

“太多的人只想到得到结果。成功的关键是注意手边的特定事情而不担心结果。”
你怎么看这句建议的意思，总的来说，你认为它值得遵守吗？从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。

1.     只想到结果的人而不注意手边的事情的人往往因为太迫切的期待结果而不屑于把手边看似琐碎的小事做好.事实上每一个目标的达成都是需要无数这样的事情集合在一起才可以达成的.

2.     同样的只注意手边的事情也是不可取的.因为一直这样就缺少了高屋建瓴的技能往往会过分注意细节而忽略了从整体上的把握.每一件事情就都变成是在孤立的完成而不是在为一个核心pivotal的目标而服务这样会忽略了重点降低效率.

 

Physical activities and sports are as important to a student's education as academics.(我也找不到原题)

myice

 

A3. The following appeared in a memorandum from the development director of the Largo Piano Company.

“The Largo Piano Company has long been known for producing carefully handcrafted, expensive pianos used by leading concert pianists. During the past few years, however, our revenues have declined; meanwhile, the Allegro Musical Instrument Company introduced a line of inexpensive digital pianos and then saw its revenues increase. In order to increase Largo’s sales and in fact outsell Allegro, we should introduce a line of digital pianos in a variety of price ranges. Our digital pianos would be likely to find instant acceptance with customers, since they would be associated with the prestigious Largo name.”

1，              The increase of revenue may just coincided with the sale of inexpensive digital pianos, while the two actually had no causal realationship.

2，              The strategy used in other companys may not be suit for the Largo Piano.

3，              The expected instant acceptance with customers may not be the case. As the fact the author cited, the revenue of the Largo Piano have declined during the past five years, it may no longer own the prestige.

1，              销售降低的原因？——排除他因。

2，              错误类比

3，              是否会得到持续接受？销售连续下降也许已经说明show声誉的下降。

1，              A公司销售额上升的真实原因是否由于数字钢琴生产线的引入

2，              适用于A公司的不一定适用于L公司

3，              价格的变化将带来产品市场定位的变化，可能会损坏品牌形象

myice

AA 

1.   The argument was about a paragraph from a restaurant business newsletter about small franchise restaurants. A small restaurant owner, George, opened a pita restaurant in a college town Sallon. His restaurant has been quite successful for the last 2 years. So he decided to open another 3 restaurants in nearby cities and towns. He also plans to promote his 3 employees who have been trained under him to be the managers of the new restaurants. He expects his profits will trip after all restaurants are opened.