GMAT verbal满分的秘密--语法部分

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1. A “calendar stick” carved centuries ago by the Winnebago tribe may provide the first evidence that the North American Indians developed advanced full-year calendars based on systematic astronomical observation.

2.A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

3.
A collection of 38 poems by Phillis Wheatley, a slave, was published in the 1770’s, the first book by a Black woman and only the second published by an American woman

4. A common disability in test pilots is hearing impairment, a consequence of sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time.

5 A controversial figure throughout most of his public life, the Black leader Marcus Garvey advocated that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that, to him, symbolized the possibility of freedom.

6. A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and causing flames to spread more quickly.

7. A firm that specializes in the analysis of handwriting claims to be able, from a one-page writing sample, to assess more than three hundred personality traits, including enthusiasm, imagination, and ambition.

8. A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, and it is believed to have been the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.

9. A Labor Department study states that the number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.

10

A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago

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11. A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published, reveals that Twain provided financial assistance to one of the first Black students at Yale Law School.
12. A little under a million years ago, the briny waters of the Baltic Sea began flooding into the cold North Atlantic: geologists are still debating whether the flood was gradual or cataclysmic
13. A majority of the international journalists surveyed view nuclear power stations as unsafe at present but think that they will be or could be made sufficiently safe in the future.
14. A migraine typically afflicts one side of the head, lasts for hours or days, and may recur infrequently, like once every other month, or often, like daily.
15. A new phenomenon visible at Managua’s major intersections is waves of vendors and beggars, many of them children, who mob cars at the stoplights.
16 A number of linguists contend that all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world’s five billion people can be traced back to a common root language.
17 A patient accusing a doctor of malpractice will find it difficult to prove damage without another doctor’s testimony about proper medical procedures.
18 A peculiar feature of the embryonic mammalian circulatory system is that in the area of the heart the cells adhere to one another, beating in unison yet adopting specialized orientations exclusive of one another.
19 A President entering the final two years of a second term is likely to be at a severe disadvantage and is often unable to carry out a legislative program.
20 A prolific architect who worked from the turn of the century until the late 1950’s, Julia Morgan designed nearly 800 buildings in California, perhaps most notably William Randolph Hearst’s monumental estate at San Simeon.

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21. A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals’ horns have been trimmed.
22. A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago
23. A recent New York Times editorial criticized the city’s election board for, first of all, failing to replace outmoded voting machines prone to breakdowns, and second, for failing to investigate allegations of corruption involving board members.
1.        24. A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors have elected to retire early rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
2.        25 A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence supporting the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65 million years ago.
3.        26. A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that even Theodore C. Sorensen, the White House counsel, did not know it existed.
27. A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come from the incineration of wastes.
4.        28. A representative of the Women’s Bureau of the United States Department of Labor contends that employers who offer benefits that permit employees to balance the responsibilities of home and work better will realize gains in attendance, recruiting, and retention.
5.        29.A shy, religious-minded publisher who had married a duke’s daughter, Harold Macmillan surprised many by rising to the position of Prime Minister in 1957 though Churchill had since the 1930s been extolling Macmillan’s courage.
30 A special Japanese green tea called genmai-cha contains brown rice and is considered a gourmet delicacy by most Japanese, though it is virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.

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21. A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals’ horns have been trimmed.
22. A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago
23. A recent New York Times editorial criticized the city’s election board for, first of all, failing to replace outmoded voting machines prone to breakdowns, and second, for failing to investigate allegations of corruption involving board members.
1.        24. A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors have elected to retire early rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
2.        25 A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence supporting the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65 million years ago.
3.        26. A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that even Theodore C. Sorensen, the White House counsel, did not know it existed.
27. A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come from the incineration of wastes.
4.        28. A representative of the Women’s Bureau of the United States Department of Labor contends that employers who offer benefits that permit employees to balance the responsibilities of home and work better will realize gains in attendance, recruiting, and retention.
5.        29.A shy, religious-minded publisher who had married a duke’s daughter, Harold Macmillan surprised many by rising to the position of Prime Minister in 1957 though Churchill had since the 1930s been extolling Macmillan’s courage.
30 A special Japanese green tea called genmai-cha contains brown rice and is considered a gourmet delicacy by most Japanese, though it is virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.

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31 Mass determines whether a star, after passing through the red giant stage, will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.
6.        32. A study commissioned by the Department of Agriculture showed that if calves exercise and associate with other calves, they require less medication and gain weight more quickly than those raised in confinement.
7.        33 The Madagascar periwinkle, a derivative of which has proved useful in decreasing mortality among young leukemia patients, is cultivated in China as part of a program to integrate traditional herbal medicine into a contemporary system of health care.
8.        34 A wildlife expert predicts that the reintroduction of the caribou into northern Minnesota will fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is greater than one wolf for every 39 square miles.
35 According to a panel of health officials, there has been a great deal of confusion in the medical profession about whether obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or a condition more related to appearance than to health.
36 According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations
37.According to a recent study by Rutgers University, the number of women in state legislatures has grown in every election since 1968.
9.        38 According to a recent study, the elderly in the United States are four times more likely to give regular financial aid to their children than to receive it from them.
10.        39 According to a ruling by the state supreme court, the owner of polluted land is liable for the cleanup of the property even if. the owner is not responsible for pollution that occurred before the title changed hands.

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11.        40 According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about as many as are enrolled in the nation’s four-year colleges and universities.
12.        41 According to a study published by Dr. Myrna Weissman, only one percent of Americans born before 1905 had suffered major depression by the age of seventy-five; of those born since 1955, six percent had become depressed by age twenty-four.
13.        42 According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing in socioeconomically deprived areas.
14.        43 According to Booker T. Whatley’s recent analysis, planting the same crops as are planted on large farms will lead to economic disaster for the small farmer, who should plan a succession of high-value crops that will provide a year-round cash flow.
44 According to Henry David Thoreau, a majority is allowed to rule not because it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger
45According to his own account, Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty, modeled the face of the statue after that of his mother and the body after that of his wife
46. According to Interstudy, a nonprofit organization that studies health maintenance organizations (HMO’s), only 36 percent of the nation’s 607 HMO’s were profitable last year; it estimates that this year 73 percent will be
47. According to scientists at the University of California, the pattern of changes that have occurred in human DNA over the millennia indicates that everyone alive today may be a descendant of a single female ancestor who lived in Africa sometime between 140,000 and 280,000 years ago.
48 According to some analysts, whatever its merits, the proposal to tax away all capital gains on short-term investments would, if enacted, have a disastrous effect on Wall Street trading and employment.

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15.        49 According to some economists, Japan is in danger of plunging into a depression that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain a society that regards lifetime employment as a virtual right of citizenship.
16.        50 According to some economists, the July decrease in unemployment to the lowest level in two years suggests that the gradual improvement in the job market is continuing.
51. According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey
52 According to the Better Business Bureau, failure to advertise the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as prominently as the lowest violates the New York Consumer Protection Law.
53. According to the National Pasta Association, per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States is already approaching 19 pounds a year and will reach 30 pounds a year by the twenty-first century.
54 According to the professor’s philosophy, the antidote to envy is one’s own work, always one’s own work: not thinking about it, not assessing it, but simply doing it.
55. According to United States Air Force officials, a cannon that shoots dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful in demonstrating what kind of damage can result when jets fly into a flock of large birds.

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56 Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
57. In addition to the increase in hourly wages requested last July, the employees of the railroad are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.
58. Adult survivors of child abuse traditionally have had little or no chance of getting their symptoms recognized and treated
59. Affording strategic proximity to the Strait of Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that without it their grip on Algeria would never be secure
60. After a few weeks’ experience, apprentice jewelers can usually begin to discriminate, though not with absolute certainty, between genuine diamonds and imitation diamonds
61. Natural gas, the United States’ second biggest fuel source after crude oil, is supplied almost exclusively from reserves in North America.
62. After gradually declining to about 39 hours in 1970, the workweek in the United States has steadily increased to the point that the average worker now puts in an estimated 164 extra hours of paid labor a year.
63 After July, anyone disposing of or servicing refrigerators must capture the chlorofluorocarbons in the refrigerant chemicals.
64. When asked by Queen Isabella to describe the newly discovered island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), Admiral Columbus reached for a sheet of paper, crumpled it, and said, “It looks like that—beyond the mountains, more mountains.”

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65. After suffering $2 billion in losses and 25,000 layoffs, the nation’s semiconductor industry, which makes chips that run everything from computers and spy satellites to dishwashers, appears to have made a long-awaited recovery.
66. After the Arab conquest of Egypt in A.D. 640, Arabic became the dominant language of the Egyptians, replacing older languages and writing systems.
67 After the Civil War, contemporaries of Harriet Tubman maintained that she had all of the qualities of a great leader, coolness in the face of danger, an excellent sense of strategy, and an ability to plan in minute detail.
17.        68 Although life expectancy for children improved after the Colonial period, during which the mortality rate was 50 percent, as late as the nineteenth century about one child in three died before reaching the age of six.
69. After the Vietnam war Bettye Granther, a U.S. Army nurse, continued her efforts on behalf of injured Vietnamese children, providing medical care, helping to reunite estranged families, and establishing a fund for the children’s future education
18.        70. After this year’s record-shattering January performance in Madison Square Garden, the ensemble was touted as the country’s best new group in decades; no critic or reviewer had anything but praise for the young musicians.

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71. Aging is a property of all animals that reach a fixed size at maturity, and the variations in life spans among different species are far greater than those among individuals of the same species: a fruit fly is ancient at 40 days, a mouse at 3 years, a horse at 30, a man at 100, and some tortoises at 150.
19.        72. In her home, Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals that featured the preparation of great quantities of ceremonial food, the wearing of many layers of colorful clothing adorned with silver, and the recounting of traditional tribal jokes and stories.
73. Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
74. All-terrain vehicles have allowed vacationers to reach many previously inaccessible areas, but they have also been blamed for causing hundreds of deaths and thousands of injuries, as well as doing serious damage to the nation’s recreational areas.
75. Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released today seem to indicate that the economy, although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession.
76. Although not all the proceedings of the Communist party conference held in Moscow were carried live Soviet audiences have seen a great deal of coverage.
77. The irritation of the stomach caused by aspirin can be avoided if the aspirin tablet is given a coating that will not dissolve until the tablet reaches the intestine.