GWD-CR削弱型

bigpig

GWD-TN-1
GWD1-Q13:
In the United States, of the people who moved from one state to another when they retired, the percentage who retired to Florida has decreased by three percentage points over the past ten years.  Since many local businesses in Florida cater to retirees, this decline is likely to have a noticeably negative economic effect on these businesses.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. Florida attracts more people who move from one state to another when they retire than does any other state.
B. The number of people who move out of Florida to accept employment in other states has increased over the past ten years.
C. There are far more local businesses in Florida that cater to tourists than there are local businesses that cater to retirees.
D. The total number of people who retired and moved to another state for their retirement has increased significantly over the past ten years.
E. The number of people who left Florida when they retired to live in another state was greater last year than it was ten years ago.
根据文章来举例：假如去年全国有100人退休之后去了其他州，50% of these people go to F. the figure is 50 people. But this year there are 200 people who retired go to other states, and 47% of these people go to F. Therefore the number of people who go to F is larger than people last year, even though the percentage declines.

GWD-TN-2
GWD3-Q17:
Brochure:  Help conserve our city’s water supply.  By converting the landscaping in your yard to a water-conserving landscape, you can greatly reduce your outdoor water use.  A water-conserving landscape is natural and attractive, and it also saves you money.
Criticism:  For most people with yards, the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannot justify the expense of new landscaping, since typically the conversion would save less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’s yearly water bills.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism?
A. Even homeowners whose yards do not have water-conserving landscapes can conserve water by installing water-saving devices in their homes.
B. A conventional landscape generally requires a much greater expenditure on fertilizer and herbicide than does a water-conserving landscape.
C. A significant proportion of the residents of the city live in buildings that do not have yards.
D. It costs no more to put in water-conserving landscaping than it does to put in conventional landscaping.
E. Some homeowners use more water to maintain their yards than they use for all other purposes combined.
Criticism认为从conventional landscape 到water- conserving landscape仅仅是省了每年不到二十美元的水费-----削弱：再提出其他省钱的方面，如施肥以及杀虫剂的费用
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GWD3-Q38:
Kate:  The recent decline in numbers of the Tennessee warbler, a North American songbird that migrates each fall to coffee plantations in South America, is due to the elimination of the dense tree cover that formerly was a feature of most South American coffee plantations.
Scott:  The population of the spruce budworm, the warbler’s favorite prey in North America, has been dropping.  This is a more likely explanation of the warbler’s decline.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls Scott’s hypothesis into question?
A. The numbers of the Baltimore oriole, a songbird that dose not eat budworms but is as dependent on South American coffee plantations as is the Tennessee warbler, are declining.
B. The spruce-budworm population has dropped because of a disease that can infect budworms but not Tennessee warblers.
C. The drop in the population of the spruce budworm is expected to be only temporary.
D. Many Tennessee warbler have begun migrating in the fall to places other than traditional coffee plantations.削弱Kate的观点
E. Although many North American songbirds have declined in numbers, no other species has experienced as great a decline as has the Tennessee warbler.
Kate认为这种生长在北美且每年秋天会飞到有咖啡植物的南美的T鸟的数量下降，是因为在南美的咖啡植物的覆盖率降低。Scott 则认为一种生长在北美且是T鸟的食物的S虫数量下降才是T鸟数量下降的原因-----一种不吃S虫且其他条件和T鸟一样的鸟数量也减少了，暗示有其他原因造成了T鸟数量的减少。

GWD-TN-3
Q2: GWD-4-14 
Guidebook writer:  I have visited hotels throughout the country and have noticed that in those built before 1930 the quality of the original carpentry work is generally superior to that in hotels built afterward.  Clearly carpenters working on hotels before 1930 typically worked with more skill, care, and effort than carpenters who have worked on hotels built subsequently.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the guidebook writer’s argument?

A. The quality of original carpentry in hotels is generally far superior to the quality of original carpentry in other structures, such as houses and stores.
B. Hotels built since 1930 can generally accommodate more guests than those built before 1930.
C. The materials available to carpenters working before 1930 were not significantly different in quality from the materials available to carpenters working after 1930.
D. The better the quality of original carpentry in a building, the less likely that building is to fall into disuse and be demolished.
E. The average length of apprenticeship for carpenters has declined significantly since 1930.
在许多国家的酒店，在1930年前建造的木工优于1930年之后建造的。因此在1930年前的木匠技术更好，更仔细且付出更多的努力-----文章的结论是说明那个年代木匠的水平，应该是一个整体水平。D答案：木工越好的建筑，其被废弃或摧毁的可能性越小。也就是说，guidebook writer所看见的建筑全部都是那个年代质量最好的，而且才能保存，即质量不好的已经毁了。仅仅凭现在遗留下来的这一部分是不可以说明当时的整体水平的。因为有可能1930年之前的大部分建筑都都毁了，只由很小的一部分留了下来，而1930年之后留下了大部分，可能这些没有1930年之前的留下的小部分水平高，但是1930年之后的整体水平应高于1930年之前的整体水平。因为1930年之后的大部分都留了下来。
GWD5-Q15: 
Lightbox, Inc. owns almost all of the movie theaters in Washington County and has announced plans to double the number of movie screens it has in the county within five years.  Yet attendance at Lightbox’s theaters is only just large enough for profitability now and the county’s population is not expected to increase over the next ten years.  Clearly, therefore, if there is indeed no increase in population, Lightbox’s new screens are unlikely to prove profitable.

Which of the following, if true about Washington County, most seriously weakens the argument?  

A. Though little change in the size of the population is expected, a pronounced shift toward a younger, more affluent, and more entertainment-oriented population is expected to occur.
B. The sales of snacks and drinks in its movie theaters account for more of Lightbox’s profits than ticket sales do.
C. In selecting the mix of movies shown at its theaters, Lightbox’s policy is to avoid those that appeal to only a small segment of the moviegoing population.
D. Spending on video purchases, as well as spending on video rentals, is currently no longer increasing.
E. There are no population centers in the county that are not already served by at least one of the movie theaters that Lightbox owns and operates.
L公司拥有了几乎W市所有的电影院，且该公司计划在五年内将其数量翻番。但是现在所有影院的利润已经是饱和且10年之内该市人口不会增加。因此，该公司的新影院不可能有利润------虽然人口总量不会有变化，但是人群中会出现更年轻、富有、且更爱玩的人，即在原来的基础上产生新的消费群体。
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GWD5-Q28:  
Wind farms, which generate electricity using arrays of thousands of wind-powered turbines, require vast expanses of open land.  County X and County Y have similar terrain, but the population density of County X is significantly higher than that of County Y.  Therefore, a wind farm proposed for one of the two counties should be built in County Y rather than in County X.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the planner’s argument?

A. County X and County Y are adjacent to each other, and both are located in the windiest area of the state.
B. The total population of County Y is substantially greater than that of County X.
C. Some of the electricity generated by wind farms in County Y would be purchased by users outside the county.
D. Wind farms require more land per unit of electricity generated than does any other type of electrical-generation facility.
E. Nearly all of County X’s population is concentrated in a small part of the county, while County Y’s population is spread evenly throughout the country.
Wind farm是使用数千的wind-power turbines发电，因此需要建在广阔无人的区域。X与Y两个城市具有相同的地势。但是X的人口密度大于Y。因此这个wind farm建在Y会更好。----E答案：X的人口都集中居住在一个小的区域（因此会留下大片空地）而Y是人口分散在各处（因此不好找到空地，因为在哪里都会有人，即使人数少）。明显削弱的Y的优势。

bigpig

 

GWD5-Q29:  

Over the past five years, the price gap between name-brand cereals and less expensive store-brand cereals has become so wide that consumers have been switching increasingly to store brands despite the name brands’ reputation for better quality.  To attract these consumers back, several manufacturers of name-brand cereals plan to narrow the price gap between their cereals and store brands to less than what it was five years ago.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the likelihood that the manufacturers’ plan will succeed in attracting back a large percentage of consumers who have switched to store brands?

A.    There is no significant difference among manufacturers of name-brand cereals in the prices they charge for their products.

B.    Consumers who have switched to store-brand cereals have generally been satisfied with the quality of those cereals.

C.    Many consumers would never think of switching to store-brand cereals because they believe the name brand cereals to be of better quality.

D.    Because of lower advertising costs, stores are able to offer their own brands of cereals at significantly lower prices than those charged for name-brand cereals.

E.     Total annual sales of cereals—including both name-brand and store-brand cereals—have not increased significantly over the past five years.

在过去的五年，name-brand cereals和store-brand cereals的价格缺口如此的大以至于许多消费者开始购买s即使n有较好质量的声誉。为了挽回消费者，许多n公司计划缩小价格缺口。N公司计划会失败的理由是-------因为仍然存在价格缺口，即n还是比s 要贵，而n贵的理由是其质量较好，如果消费者对s的质量满意，他们就不会多花钱去买n， 因为他们追求的不是最好的质量，而是只要满意就可以了。所以n公司的计划就有可能失败

GWN-TN-4

GWD6-Q20:

Five years ago, as part of a plan to encourage citizens of Levaska to increase the amount of money they put into savings, Levaska’s government introduced special savings accounts in which up to $3,000 a year can be saved with no tax due on the interest unless money is withdrawn before the account holder reaches the age of sixty-five.  Millions of dollars have accumulated in the special accounts, so the government’s plan is obviously working.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.    A substantial number of Levaskans have withdrawn at least some of the money they had invested in the special accounts.

B.    Workers in Levaska who already save money in long-term tax-free accounts that are offered through their workplace cannot take advantage of the special savings accounts introduced by the government.

C.    The rate at which interest earned on money deposited in regular savings accounts is taxed depends on the income bracket of the account holder.

D.    Many Levaskans who already had long-term savings have steadily been transferring those savings into the special accounts.

E.     Many of the economists who now claim that the government’s plan has been successful criticized it when it was introduced.

五年前，L国政府为了鼓励公民多去存钱，引进了一种特别的帐户：如果存了超过3000则利息不用支付利息税除非户主在65岁之前把钱取了出来。有数百万美元被存进了这个特别的帐户，所以政府的计划显然起到了作用------D答案：许多L国的人们把自己的长期存款转到了这个特别帐户。政府的目的是增加总的存款数，但是公民的做法实际上并没有增加了总的存款，仅仅是存款换了个帐户而已。

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GWD6-Q21:

An overwhelming proportion of the most productive employees at SaleCo’s regional offices work not eight hours a day, five days a week, as do other SaleCo employees, but rather ten hours a day, four days a week, with Friday off.  Noting this phenomenon, SaleCo’s president plans to increase overall productivity by keeping the offices closed on Fridays and having all employees work the same schedule—ten hours a day, four days a week.

Which of the following, if true, provides the most reason to doubt that the president’s plan, if implemented, will achieve its stated purpose?

A.    Typically, a SaleCo employee’s least productive hours in the workplace are the early afternoon hours.

B.    None of the employees who work four days a week had volunteered to work that schedule, but all were assigned to it by their supervisors.

C.    Working ten hours a day has allowed the most productive employees to work two hours alone each day in their respective offices relatively undisturbed by fellow employees.

D.    Employees at SaleCo are compensated not on the basis of how many hours a week they work but on the basis of how productive they are during the hours they are at work.

E.     Those SaleCo employees who have a four-day workweek do not take any of their office work to do at home on Fridays.

在S公司工作的最有效率的员工中有很大比例不是像其它普通员工一天工作8小时，一周5天，而是一天工作10小时，周一到周四工作。根据这个现象，S公司的总裁为了提高员工工作效率，使所有员工都一天工作10小时，一周4天-----C答案：那些一天工作10小时的最有效率的员工有两个小时在各自得办公室工作不受其它同事的打扰，这里给出了效率高的原因：即不受他人打扰，如果所有的员工都工作10小时，意味着那些原来最有效率的员工会开始受到干扰，改变工作schedule员工也不会不受干扰，所以基本上公司的这项决策是得不偿失的。

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GWD6-Q32:

Proposal:  Carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere block the escape of heat into space.  So emission of these “greenhouse” gases contributes to global warming.  In order to reduce global warming, emission of greenhouse gases needs to be reduced.  Therefore, the methane (now emitted from open landfills) should instead be burned to produce electricity.

Objection:  The burning of methane generates carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere.

Which of the following, if true, most adequately counters the objection made to the proposal?

A.    Every time a human being or other mammal exhales, there is some carbon dioxide released into the air.

B.    The conversion of methane to electricity would occur at a considerable distance from the landfills.

C.    The methane that is used to generate electricity would generally be used as a substitute for a fuel that does not produce any greenhouse gases when burned.

D.    Methane in the atmosphere is more effective in blocking the escape of heat from the Earth than is carbon dioxide.

E.     The amount of methane emitted from the landfills could be reduced if the materials whose decomposition produces methane were not discarded, but recycled.

Proposal说:二氧化碳和甲烷在大气中阻碍了heat进入太空，从而被称为温室气体。为了缓解全球气温升高，必须减少温室气体的排放。因此从垃圾场产生并直接排放的甲烷气体必须拿去燃烧发电。Objection说：燃烧甲烷会产生二氧化碳排放到大气中。-----反对objection: 甲烷比二氧化氮更为有效地阻碍heat进入太空。所以把甲烷转化为二氧化碳在一定程度上缓解了温室效应

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GWD6-Q40:

It is theoretically possible that bacteria developed on Mars early in its history and that some were carried to Earth by a meteorite.  However, strains of bacteria from different planets would probably have substantial differences in protein structure that would persist over time, and no two bacterial strains on Earth are different enough to have arisen on different planets.  So, even if bacteria did arrive on Earth from Mars, they must have died out.

The argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?

A.    It fails to establish whether bacteria actually developed on Mars.

B.    It fails to establish how likely it is that Martian bacteria were transported to Earth.

C.    It fails to consider whether there were means other than meteorites by which Martian bacteria could have been carried to Earth.

D.    It fails to consider whether all bacteria now on Earth could have arisen from transported Martian bacteria.

E.     It fails to consider whether there could have been strains of bacteria that originated on Earth and later died out.

理论上认为在早期火星上生存的细菌可以通过流星被运送到地球上。然而在不同星球上细菌的蛋白质结构会产生极大的不同且在地球上没有哪两种细菌蛋白质结构差别如此之大以致于可以判定它们来自不同星球，因此，即使有火星上的细菌来到地球，它们也死掉了。------D答案：没有考虑是否地球上所有的细菌都是来自火星。如果都来自火星，它们的蛋白质结构就不会差别大到得出它们来自不同星球的结论。但是它们确实是来自火星并没有死掉。

GWD-TN-5

GWD7-Q17:

Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery.  Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

A.    Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.

B.    Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life.

C.    Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.

D.    The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.

E.     The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit.

从coronary bypass surgery存活下来的超过65岁的病人中，只有75%的人可以从手术中获益。因此可以认为每四个病人中的那一个人，如果医生建议他去做这个手术，就证明了这个医生对练习自己的艺术和收费的兴趣高于帮助病人的兴趣。-----假如医生在手术前就知道哪些病人会受益哪些不会，且他仍然建议那些个不会受益的人动手术。那么文章的结论成立。但是假如情况时如同E答案所描述的情况，这两种病人是不可以区分的，则不能质疑医生的人品

bigpig

 

GWD7-Q30:

Printwell’s Ink Jet Division manufactures ink-jet printers and the ink cartridges they use.  Sales of its ink-jet printers have increased.  Monthly revenues from those sales, however, have not increased, because competition has forced Printwell to cut the prices of its printers.  Unfortunately, Printwell has been unable to bring down the cost of manufacturing a printer.  Thus, despite the increase in printer sales, the Ink Jet Division must be providing the company with much smaller than it used to.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.    Ink-jet printers in regular use frequently need new ink cartridges, and Printwell’s printers only accept Printwell’s ink cartridges.

B.    Unlike some competing companies, Printwell sells all of its printers through retailers, and these retailers’ costs account for a sizable proportion of the printers’ ultimate retail price.

C.    Some printer manufacturers have been forced to reduce the sale price of their ink-jet printers even more than Printwell has.

D.    In the past year, no competing manufacturer of ink-jet printers has had as great an increase in unit sales of printers as Printwell has.

E.     In the past year, sales of Printwell’s ink-jet printers have increased more than sales of any other type of printer made by Printwell.

P 的IJ部门生产ink-jet printers和the ink cartridges。ink-jet printers的销售量上升了，但是Monthly revenues却没有上升，因为P的竞争对手迫使P降低了ink-jet printers的价格。不幸的是，P不能够降低生产ink-jet printers的成本，因此虽然销量上升，但是这个分公司对于总公司的贡献下降-----想出别的方法使该部门对公司的贡献不会减少，即the ink cartridges。如果销量ink-jet printers上升会拉动the ink cartridges销量也上升，就整个部门而言Monthly revenues就不一定下降

GWD-TN-6

GWD-8-Q3:

In the late 1980’s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific Ocean began to decline. Of the two plausible explanations for the decline—increased predation by killer whales or disease—disease is the more likely. After all, a concurrent sharp decline in the populations of seals and sea lions was almost certainly caused by a pollution-related disease, which could have spread to sea otters, whereas the population of killer whales did not change noticeably.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?

 

A.    Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.

B.    There is no indication that substantial numbers of sea otters migrated to other locations from the North Pacific in the 1980’s.

C.    Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980’s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.

D.    Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters’ main food source.

E.     The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.

在二十世纪80年代，海獭在北太平洋的数量下降。下降的原因有两个：其天敌食肉鲸鱼或者疾病—疾病的可能性更大。毕竟在同一时间海豹和海狮的数量也减少是一种与污染相关的疾病，这个疾病有可能传染给海獭，但同时食肉鲸鱼的数量没有明显的变化。------要增强海獭数量减少与食肉鲸鱼又关系得可能性，只能增大食肉鲸鱼会会以海獭为食物的可能性。

 

GWD-TN-7

GWD-9-Q8:

Many large department stores in Montalia now provide shopping carts for their customers. Since customers using shopping carts tend to buy more than those without shopping carts, most of these stores are experiencing strong sales growth, while most other department stores are not. Therefore, in order to boost sales, managers of Jerrod’s, Montalia’s premier department store, are planning to purchase shopping carts and make them available to the store’s customers next month.

Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt whether the managers’ plan, if implemented, will achieve its goal?

 

A.    Since most customers associate shopping carts with low-quality discount stores, Jerrod’s high-quality image would likely suffer if shopping carts were introduced.

B.    Because the unemployment rate has declined to very low levels, Jerrod’s now has to pay significantly higher wages in order to retain its staff.

C.    A number of department stores that did not make shopping carts available to their customers have had to close recently due to falling profits.

D.    Shopping carts are not very expensive, but they generally need to be replaced every few years.

E.     Stores that make shopping carts available to their customers usually have to hire people to retrieve the carts from parking areas.

许多大型超市在M给顾客提供购物手推车。顾客在使用手推车在一般情况下买的东西会比没有手推车多，许多超市因此销售量大增。然而其他超市没有。因此为了促进销售量，M最好的超市J的经理决定购买手推车让顾客从下个开始使用。-----因为每一间超市情况不同，引进手推车可能会给超市带来不同影响，则不一定会增加超市的销售量。A答案：大多数顾客会将手推车与低质量的折扣超市联系起来，引进手推车将给J的高质量形象带来影响

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GWD-9-Q28:

Editorial in Krenlandian Newspaper:

Krenland’s steelmakers are losing domestic sales because of lower-priced imports, in many cases because foreign governments subsidize their steel industries in ways that are banned by international treaties. But whatever the cause, the cost is ultimately going to be jobs in Krenland’s steel industry. Therefore, it would protect not only steel companies but also industrial employment in Krenland if our government took measures to reduce cheap steel imports.

 

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the editorial’s argument?

 

A.    Because steel from Krenland is rarely competitive in international markets, only a very small portion of Krenlandian steelmakers’ revenue comes from exports.

B.    The international treaties that some governments are violating by giving subsidies to steelmakers do not specify any penalties for such violations.

C.    For many Krenlandian manufacturers who face severe international competition in both domestic and export markets, steel constitutes a significant part of their raw material costs.

D.    Because of advances in order-taking, shipping, and inventory systems, the cost of shipping steel from foreign producers to Krenland has fallen considerably in recent years.

E.     Wages paid to workers in the steel industry in Krenland differ significantly from wages paid to workers in many of the countries that export steel to Krenland.

K国的钢材制造商丧失了本国的市场因为低价的进口产品。因为许多外国政府补助他们的钢材工业那事国际条约所禁止的。但是无论如何成本将造成K国钢铁工业裁员。因此如果政府采取措施减少钢铁进口，那么不仅可以保护本国企业还是相关企业的员工。----C答案：K国企业面临严重的本国外国市场竞争，其钢材成本一个重要组成时其原材料。即K地钢原材价格构成了钢材加工品价格的主要部分。在这情况下，如果限制低价钢原材进口，就等于提高钢加工品价格，使钢材加工品竞争力减少，导致更多的失业。从而WEAKEN结论。

GWD-TN-8

GWD-10-Q40

Insect infestations in certain cotton-growing regions of the world have caused dramatic increase in the price of cotton on the world market. By contrast, the price of soybeans has long remained stable. Knowing that cotton plants mature quickly, many soybean growers in Ortovia plan to cease growing soybeans and being raising cotton instead, thereby taking advantage of the high price of cotton to increase their income significantly, at least over the next several years.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the plan’s chances for success?

A.    The cost of raising soybeans has increased significantly over the past several year and is expected to continue to climb.

B.    Tests of a newly developed, inexpensive pesticide have shown it to be both environmentally safe and effective against the insects that have infested cotton crops.

C.    In the past several years, there has been no sharp increase in the demand for cotton and for goods made out of cotton.

D.    Few consumers would be willing to pay significantly higher prices for cotton goods than they are now paying.

E.     The species of insect that has infested cotton plants has never been known to attack soybean plants.

害虫在世界范围内的棉花种植区肆虐导致了棉花价格的飞涨。然而大豆价格稳定。在了解棉花作物生长的很快，许多在O种植大豆的农民决定停止种植大豆改种棉花，借着棉花价格增长的契机，在接下来若干年获得稳增的收入。------文章一开始就说明了棉花价格增加是由于虫害导致减产。所以如果没有虫害将不会影响棉花的产量价格就不会增长了。因此B答案的杀虫的使用会使棉花增产价格就会下降，农民们就享受不了高价带来的好处了。

bigpig

 

GWD-TN-9

GWD-12-Q2:

Scientists are discussing ways to remove excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by increasing the amount that is absorbed by plant life.  One plan to accomplish this is to establish giant floating seaweed farms in the oceans.  When the seaweed plants die, they will be disposed of by being burned for fuel.

Which of the following, if true, would indicate the most serious weakness in the plan above?

A.    Some areas of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere do not contain sufficient nutrients to support large seaweed farms.

B.    When a seaweed plant is burned, it releases an amount of carbon dioxide comparable to the amount it has absorbed in its lifetime.

C.    Even if seaweed farms prove effective, some people will be reluctant to switch to this new fuel.

D.    Each year about seven billion tons of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere but only about five billion tons are absorbed by plant life.

E.     Seaweed farms would make more money by farming seaweed to sell as nutritional supplements than by farming seaweed to sell as fuel.

科学家希望通过增加植物的数量来减少大气中的二氧化碳含量。这个计划通过建立一个海上巨大的海藻农场实现。那那些海藻死后 ，可以通过燃烧处理掉。------这个计划的好坏成功与否，取决于它对二氧化碳处理的成不成功。B答案：当海藻被烧时，释放的二氧化碳的量与它吸收的超不多。即这个计划从头至尾都没有减少二氧化碳含量，因此该计划不是成功的。

GWD-12-Q15:

FastMart, a convenience store chain, is planning to add pancake syrup to the items it sells.  FastMart stores do not have shelf space to stock more than one variety of syrup.  Surveys of FastMart customers indicate that one-fourth of them prefer low-calorie syrup, while three-fourths prefer regular syrup.  Since FastMart’s highest priority is to maximize sales, the obvious strategy for it is to stock regular syrup.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.    People buying pancake syrup at convenience stores, unlike those buying it at supermarkets, generally buy it only a few times.

B.    People who prefer low-calorie syrup generally use about the same amount of syrup on their pancakes as those who prefer regular syrup.

C.    Regular syrup does not sell for a higher price per unit than low-calorie syrup.

D.    In general, customers who prefer regular syrup will buy low-calorie syrup if regular is unavailable, but those who prefer low-calorie will not buy regular syrup.

E.     Sales of syrup are not expected to account for a large proportion of total dollar sales at the average FastMart store.

F是高质高价的自助食品商店，计划增加pancake syrup这个食品卖，F没有足够的空间存放超过一种的pancake syrup。F的顾客中有四分之一偏爱低热量的，而四分之三偏爱普通的。所以F为了最大化其销售量，应该卖普通的。----D答案：在一般情况下，喜欢的普通的人来普通的没有了的情况下会去买低热量的，但是低热量偏好的人是不会去买普通的。即使说如果F卖低热量的，那么所有人都会去买，那么如果卖普通的就只有四分之三的顾客。C答案：普通的价格不必低热量的贵。那也有可能是一样的，那么对文章结论就构不成削弱了。

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GWD-12-Q16:

Certain genetically modified strains of maize produce a natural insecticide that protects against maize-eating insects.  The insecticide occurs throughout the plant, including its pollen.  Maize pollen is dispersed by the wind and often blows onto milkweed plants that grow near maize fields.  Caterpillars of monarch butterflies feed exclusively on milkweed leaves.  When, in experiments, these caterpillars were fed milkweed leaves dusted with pollen from modified maize plants, they died.  Therefore, use of the modified maize inadvertently imperils monarch butterflies.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.    Per unit of volume, the natural insecticide produced by the genetically modified maize plants is less toxic to insects than are many commercial insecticides commonly used on maize plants.

B.    Standard weed-control practices that have been used by farmers for decades have largely eliminated milkweed plants from certain areas where monarch-butterfly caterpillars were once common.

C.    The experiments showed that the caterpillars were not harmed by contact with the pollen from the genetically modified plants unless they ingested it.

D.    The maize-eating insects that the natural insecticide protects against do not feed on the pollen of the maize plant.

E.     Airborne maize pollen tends to collect on the middle leaves of milkweed plants and monarch caterpillars feed only on the plant’s tender upper leaves.

一种转基因的玉米会产生一种天然的杀虫剂防止害虫来进犯。这个杀虫剂存在于植物里，包括花粉。玉米的花粉通过风传播有一些吹到了在玉米附近的m植物上。一些蝴蝶以m植物为食。一些蝴蝶吃了带有花粉的m的叶子，死了。因此食用转基因玉米不经意间危害了蝴蝶。-----E答案：空中运动的花粉一般聚集在m植物中间的叶子，而蝴蝶只吃m植物上层柔软的叶子。即蝴蝶没有与带有杀虫剂的花粉接触，因此蝴蝶之死与花粉没有关系

GWD-TN-10

GWD-24-14

In 1983 Argonia’s currency, the argon, underwent a reduction in value relative to the world’s strongest currencies. This reduction resulted in a significant increase in Argonia’s exports over 1982 levels. In 1987 a similar reduction in the value of the argon led to another increase in Argonia’s exports. Faced with the need to increase exports yet again, Argonia’s finance minister has proposed another reduction in the value of the argon.

 

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the finance minister’s plan will not result in a significant increase in Argonia’s exports next year?

 

A.    The value of the argon rose sharply last year against the world’s strongest currencies.

B.    In 1988 the argon lost a small amount of its value, and Aronian exports rose slightly in 1989.

C.    The value of Argonia’s exports was lower last year than it was the year before.

D.    All of Argonia’s export products are made by factories that were operating at full capacity last year, and new factories would take years to build.

E.     Reductions in the value of the argon have almost always led to significant reductions in the amount of goods and services that Argonians purchase from abroad.

在1983年A国的货币贬值，这个贬值导致了出口的大量增加。1987年发生的一样的情况。因此面对增加出口的需求再次出现，A国的财政大臣计划再一次贬值该国货币。----D答案：现在A国的所有工厂已经是饱和生产，没有多余的物品出口。一般情况下企业生产产品是会根据市场需求的，如果市场需求不是特别大，那他为什么要开足马力生产然后留下一堆库存呢？我觉得开足马力生产暗含着市场需求是很大的，没有多余的库存用来出口。A答案是无关选项，因为文章举的那两年的例子完全没有提到那两年的前一年货币的情况，因此无需考虑。

bigpig

 

GWD-24-15.

Healthy lungs produce a natural antibiotic that protects them from infection by routinely killing harmful bacteria on airway surfaces. People with cystic fibroses, however, are unable to fight off such bacteria, even though their lungs produce normal amounts of the antibiotic. Since the fluid on airway surfaces in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis bas an abnormally high salt concentration, scientists hypothesize that in high salt environments the antibiotic becomes ineffective at killing harmful bacteria.

 

Which of the following, if it were obtained as an experimental result, would most decisively undermine the scientists’ hypothesis?

 

A.    Healthy lungs in which the salt concentration of the airway-surface fluid has been substantially increased are able to reestablish their normal salt concentration within a relatively short period of time.

B.    The antibiotic produced by the lungs is effective at killing harmful bacteria even when salt concentrations are below levels typical of healthy lungs.

C.    The salt concentration of the airway-surface fluid in the lungs of people who suffer from cystic fibrosis tends to return to its former high levels after having been reduced to levels typical of healthy lungs.

D.    The lungs of people who suffer from cystic fibrosis are unable to fight off harmful bacteria even when the salt concentration is reduced to levels typical of healthy lungs.

E.     The salt concentration in the airway-surface fluid of people whose lungs produce lower-than-average amounts of the antibiotic is generally much lower than that typical of healthy lungs.

题目翻译同第三套26题，但该题是削弱。D答案直接削弱了高盐浓度的影响

GWD-TN-11

T-3-Q21.

Driving the steep road to the mountaintop Inca ruins of Machu Picchu is potentially dangerous and hiking there is difficult. Now the Peruvian government is installing a cable car that will make access much easier, and hence results in a large increase in tourisms. However, since the presence of large numbers of tourists tends to accelerate the deterioration of a site, installation of a cable car is certain to result in harm to the ruins.

 

Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the argument?

 

A.    The daily number of tourists that are expected to take the cable car to Machu Picchu is smaller than the original resident

B.    The construction of the cable car terminal at Machu Picchu will require the use of potentially damaging heavy machinery at the site.

C.    Machu Picchu is already one of the most popular tourist sites in Peru

D.    Natural weathering will continue to be a more significant cause of the deterioration of Machu Picchu than tourist traffic

E.     The cable car will replace the tour buses whose large wheels and corrosive exhaust at present do significant damage to the site.

在the mountaintop Inca ruins of Machu Picchu这个地方汽车是很危险且徒步旅行时很困难。现在P国政府计划建一个电缆车使登顶更加容易因此吸引大批游客。然后大批的游客加速了缆车的折旧，因此这个缆车会造成很大的危险。-----B答案说明这个缆车装有防止潜在危险的方案，因此大大减少其危险性。

GWD-TN-12

T-4-Q21

The OLEX Petroleum Company has recently determined that it could cut its refining costs by closing its Grenville refinery and consolidating all refining at its Tasberg refinery. Closing the Grenville refinery, however, would mean the immediate loss of about 1,200 jobs in the Grenville area. Eventually the lives of more than 10,000 people would be seriously disrupted. Therefore, OLEX’s decision, announced yesterday, to keep Grenville open shows that at OLEX social concerns sometimes outweigh the desire for higher profits.

 

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument given?

 

A.    The Grenville refinery, although it operates at a higher cost than the Tasberg refinery, has nevertheless been moderately profitable for many years.

B.    Even though OLEX could consolidate all its refining at the Tasberg plant, doing so at the Grenville plant would not be feasible.

C.    The Tasberg refinery is more favorably situated than the Grenville refinery with respect to the major supply routes for raw petroleum.

D.    If the Grenville refinery were ever closed and operations at the Tasberg refinery expanded, job openings at Tasberg would to the extent possible be filled with people formerly employed at Grenville.

E.     Closure of the Grenville refinery would mean compliance, at enormous cost, with demanding local codes regulating the cleanup of abandoned industrial sites.

OLEX石油公司打算通过关闭G炼油厂来减少refine成本，把所有的炼油工作都集合到T炼油厂。但是在关闭G的同时，将会有1200人失业，造成将近10000人断了生活来源。因此昨天OLEX公司宣布继续经营G炼油厂表现了该公司的社会责任感高于盈利的愿望。------E答案给出了该公司不惯比G厂的另外原因，即关闭该厂会产生很高的清理工厂成本。他因削弱了该公司具有社会责任感。

GWD-TN-13

T-9-Q2

Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed cashew were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government‘s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years.

 

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

 

A.    Some of the by-products of processing cashews are used for manufacturing plants and plastics

B.    Other countries in which cashews are processed subsidize their processing plants

C.    More people in kernland are engaged in farming cashews than in processing them

D.    Buying unprocessed cashews at lower than world market prices enables cashew processors in kernland to sell processed nuts at competitive prices

E.     A lack of profitable crops is driving an increasing number of small farmers in kernland off their land and into the cities

K这个地方向出口的未加工cashew nuts的征收高额关税为了使这些cashew nuts卖给本地企业。如果关税解除且cashew nuts在国际市场上贩卖，种植cashew nuts的农民可以获得更高的利润。然而所有的cashew nuts加工厂都在城市，因此解除关税会严重影响政府希望在未来5年内降低城市失业率的计划。-----要削弱解除关税会影响降低失业率，那么可以说不解除关税也会影响降低失业率。如E答案：种植没有利润可图的作物使农民不再种植而跑进了城里。虽然解除关税会使加工厂的工人失业，但是不解除关税使得农民无利可图跑进城里也算是失业人员。

GWD-TN-14

11. GWD17-Q11:

Some species of Arctic birds are threatened by recent sharp increases in the population of snow geese, which breed in the Arctic and are displacing birds of less vigorous species.  Although snow geese are a popular quarry for hunters in the southern regions where they winter, the hunting season ends if and when hunting has reduced the population by five percent, according to official estimates.  Clearly, dropping this restriction would allow the other species to recover.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

A.    Hunting limits for snow geese were imposed many years ago in response to a sharp decline in the population of snow geese.

B.    It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than the scheduled date.

C.    The number of snow geese taken by hunters each year has grown every year for several years.

D.    As their population has increased, snow geese have recolonized wintering grounds that they had not used for several seasons.

E.     In the snow goose’s winter habitats, the goose faces no significant natural predation.

一些北极鸟的生存受到威胁因为最近雪鹅的数量大增。它们在北极下蛋然后替换一些小鸟蛋。尽管雪鹅冬天的时候再南方是猎人们喜欢的猎物。依据官方估计，在打猎季节会使雪鹅的数量减少5%时打猎季节酒结束。因此放弃这个限制会有助于其他鸟类恢复生息。---B答案：限令导致打季节提前结束已经是很多年的事情了。上次提前结束都是好多年前的事了。意即人们对hunt geese不热心，所以即使放开也不能扭转geese数量sharp increase的势头。所以B是针地性削弱

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13. GWD-18-Q13

Eurasian watermilfoil, a weed not native to Frida Lake, has reproduced prolifically since being accidentally introduced there.  In order to eliminate the weed, biologists proposed treating infested parts of the lake with a certain herbicide that is nontoxic for humans and aquatic animals.  However, the herbicide might damage populations of certain rare plant species that the lake contains.  For this reason local officials rejected the proposal.

Which of the following, if true, points out the most serious weakness in the officials’ grounds for rejecting the biologists’ proposal?

F.     The continuing spread of Eurasian watermilfoil in Frida Lake threatens to choke out the lake’s rare plant species.

G.    Because of ecological conditions prevailing in its native habitat, Eurasian watermilfoil is not as dominant there as it is in Frida Lake.

H.    The proliferation of Eurasian watermilfoil in Frida Lake has led to reductions in the populations of some species of aquatic animals.

I.     Although Eurasian watermilfoil could be mechanically removed from Frida Lake, eliminating the weed would take far longer this way than it would using herbicides.

J.     Unless Eurasian watermilfoil is completely eliminated from Frida Lake, it will quickly spread again once herbicide treatments or other control measures cease.

EW是一种杂草，不是在F湖土生土长的而是偶然间引进的，之后就开始疯长。为了减少这个杂草，生物学家建议大范围的使用一种对水生动物和人类都有害的化学物质。然而这个化学物质会伤害湖中的稀有植物。因此当地官员拒绝了这个建议。---如果不使用化学物质而放任这个EW乱长也会伤害到稀有植物，那就削弱了官员拒绝的理由。因为会造成同样的结果。如A答案

bigpig

 

22. GWD-18-Q22

In each of the past five years, Barraland’s prison population has increased.  Yet, according to official government statistics, for none of those years has there been either an increase in the number of criminal cases brought to trial, or an increase in the rate at which convictions have been obtained.  Clearly, therefore, the percentage of people convicted of crimes who are being given prison sentences is on the increase.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.    In Barraland the range of punishments that can be imposed instead of a prison sentence is wide.

B.    Over the last ten years, overcrowding in the prisons of Barraland has essentially been eliminated as a result of an ambitious program of prison construction.

C.    Ten years ago, Barraland reformed its criminal justice system, imposing longer minimum sentences for those crimes for which a prison sentence had long been mandatory.

D.    Barraland has been supervising convicts on parole more closely in recent years, with the result that parole violations have become significantly less frequent.

E.     The number of people in Barraland who feel that crime is on the increase is significantly greater now than it was five years ago.

在过去的5年，B的监狱人数增加。然而根据官方统计数据，这些年既没有增加犯罪审判的数目，也没有增加判罪率。因此在判罪的人中被送进监狱的人比例上升了。-----C答案：10年前B改革了刑事司法系统，延长了这个罪犯的最短刑期。因此可以造成本来早该出去了人没出去，自然监狱人数就增多了。它因削弱。B答案：已经管理假释得人更加严格，结果是假释再犯罪得变得没那么频繁。无关选项

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34. GWD17-Q34:

During the month of May, crabs arrive on Delaware’s beaches to lay eggs.  Certain shorebirds depend on these eggs for food during their annual spring migration to their northern breeding grounds.  Delaware’s crab population has declined recently.  This decline, however, poses no serious threat to the migrating shorebird populations:  by remaining longer in Delaware, the birds will be able to eat enough crab eggs to allow them to complete their migration.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.    No other food available to the birds on Delaware’s beaches is as nutritious and accessible as are crab eggs.

B.    The decline in the number of crabs on Delaware’s beaches is due to the harvesting of crabs by humans.

C.    There are more crabs on Delaware’s beaches than in any other area that the migrating birds pass through.

D.    The crabs do not conceal their eggs.

E.     The earlier in the season the shorebirds complete their migration, the more likely they are to breed successfully.

  在五月，蟹在D的沙滩上产卵。一些海鸟在他们春天回到他们的滋生地以这些蟹卵为食。因此最近蟹的数量减少。但是这个减少不会对海鸟的生存造成威胁：海鸟可以在D停留较长时间以找到足够的蟹卵让他们完成迁徙。-----停留时间长会造成海鸟降低生育成功率就会对他们的生存繁衍造成威胁了。因此E答案否认了海鸟可以停留长时间在D，而且没有足够的食物，因此蟹的减少会给海鸟的生存造成影响。D答案：蟹没有藏蛋，蟹的数量减少了，蛋的数量必然会减少。不管蟹有没有藏，都不代表海鸟可以找到更多的蛋。

GWD-TN-15

1.      22. GWD-18-Q38

A survey of entrepreneurs who started companies last year shows that while virtually all did substantial preparatory research and planning, only half used that work to produce a formal business plan.  Since, on average, the entrepreneurs without formal plans secured the capital they needed in half the time of those with plans, these survey results indicate that, in general, formal plans did not help the entrepreneurs who produced them to secure the capital they needed.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.    Companies started by entrepreneurs who had used formal business plans to attract investment were on the whole as profitable in their first year as were companies started by entrepreneurs who had not produced such plans.

B.    In surveys of entrepreneurs who have attempted without success to raise sufficient capital, more than half of the respondents indicate that they have produced a formal business plan.

C.    Among the entrepreneurs surveyed, those who did not produce formal business plans sought and received a much larger proportion of their capital from investors with whom they had a long-standing business relationship.

D.    The entrepreneurs surveyed who did not produce a formal business plan spent nearly as much time doing preparatory research and planning as the entrepreneurs who produced plans.

E.     The entrepreneurs who produced business plans generally reported later that the process of writing the plan had increased their confidence that their company would succeed.

一个调查显示去年开始办公司的企业家显示了做了所有的准备调查与计划，只有一半能成为正式商业企划。平均下来，没有正式商业计划的人获得资本的时间少于那些有正式商业计划的人的一半。因此这个调查结果显示了在一般情况下，正式的商业计划不能够帮助企业家获得他们所需要的资本。-----C答案给出了那些没有商业计划就很快获得资本的原因，那些资本是从一些有长期商业合作关系的投资者那里获得的。因此削弱了文章结论：是商业计划影响企业家获得资本，那些没有商业计划的人是因为其他原因才很快获得的资本

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30. GWD21-Q30:

In the past, most children who went sledding in the winter snow in Verland used wooden sleds with runners and steering bars.  Ten years ago, smooth plastic sleds became popular; they go faster than wooden sleds but are harder to steer and slow.  The concern that plastic sleds are more dangerous is clearly borne out by the fact that the number of children injured while sledding was much higher last winter than it was ten years ago.

Which of the following, if true in Verland, most seriously undermines the force of the evidence cited?

A.    A few children still use traditional wooden sleds.

B.    Very few children wear any kind of protective gear, such as helmets, while sledding.

C.    Plastic sleds can be used in a much wider variety of snow conditions than wooden sleds can.

D.    Most sledding injuries occur when a sled collides with a tree, a rock, or, another sled.

E.     Because the traditional wooden sled can carry more than one rider, an accident involving a wooden sled can result in several children being injured.

在过去，在V这个地方大多数孩子在冬天玩雪橇是使用木制的雪橇有with runners and steering bars，十年前，光滑的塑料雪橇变得流行，它比木制的滑的更快但是更难驾驶和减速。觉得塑料雪橇更加危险的担心通过现在比十年前更多的孩子滑雪受伤表现。------给出造成孩子受伤的其他原因。C答案：塑料雪橇比木制雪橇可以在更多的雪地条件下使用。意味着现在的孩子有可能在更加危险的雪地条件下滑雪，而十年时不可能的，因此不是因为雪橇而是雪地条件造成的

GWD-TN-16

2. GWD25-Q2.

In two months, the legal minimum wage in the country of Kirlandia will increase from five Kirlandic dollars(KD5.00) Per hour to KD5.50 per hour. Opponents of this increase have argued that the resulting rise in wages will drive the inflation rate up. In fact its impact on wages will probably be negligible, since only a very small proportion of all Kirfandic workers are currently receiving less than KD5.50 per hour.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.    Most people in Kirlandia who are currently earning the minimum wage have been employed at their current jobs for less than a year.

B.    Some firms in Kirlandia have paid workers considerably less than KD5.00 per hour, in violation of Kirlandic employment regulations.

C.    Many businesses hire trainees at or near the minimum wage but must reward trained workers by keeping their pay levels above the pay level of trainees.

D.    The greatest growth in Kirlandia’s economy in recent years has been in those sectors where workers earn wages that tend to be much higher than the minimum wage.

E.     The current minimum wage is insufficient for a worker holding only one job to earn enough to support a family, even when working full time at that job.

在两个月内，在K的法定最低工资由5/小时上升5.5/小时。反对者认为这个上升会造成通货膨胀。实际上这个影响是可以忽略的，因此只有一小部分在K的工人时薪低于5.5/小时。-----要削弱结论就必须扩大整个涨工资的影响从而增加导致通货膨胀的可能性。因此C答案：许多公司雇佣的接受培训的人一般给最低工资上下的工资水平但是给教练的工资高于受训者的工资水平。因此最低工资上涨将会增加大数量的薪水支付额。从而造成这个上调工资政策影响扩大

GWD-TN-17

39. GWD3-Q38:（CD2-38）

Kate:  The recent decline in numbers of the Tennessee warbler, a North American songbird that migrates each fall to coffee plantations in South America, is due to the elimination of the dense tree cover that formerly was a feature of most South American coffee plantations.

Scott:  The population of the spruce budworm, the warbler’s favorite prey in North America, has been dropping.  This is a more likely explanation of the warbler’s decline.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls Scott’s hypothesis into question?

 

A.    The numbers of the Baltimore oriole, a songbird that dose not eat budworms but is as dependent on South American coffee plantations as is the Tennessee warbler, are declining.

B.    The spruce-budworm population has dropped because of a disease that can infect budworms but not Tennessee warblers.

C.    The drop in the population of the spruce budworm is expected to be only temporary.

D.    Many Tennessee warbler have begun migrating in the fall to places other than traditional coffee plantations.

E.     Although many North American songbirds have declined in numbers, no other species has experienced as great a decline as has the Tennessee warbler.

同第2套38题

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41.: GWD-23-Q39

In Gandania, where the government has a monopoly on tobacco sales, the incidence of smoking-related health problems has risen steadily for the last twenty years. The health secretary recently proposed a series of laws aimed at curtailing tobacco use in Gandania. Profits from tobacco sales, however, account for ten percent of Gandania’s annual revenues. Therefore, Gandania cannot afford to institute the proposed laws.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.    All health care in Gandania is government-funded.

B.    Implementing the proposed laws is not likely to cause a significant increase in the amount of tobacco Gandania exports.

C.    The percentage of revenue Gandania receives from tobacco sales has remained steady in recent years.

D.    Profits from tobacco sales far surpass any other single source of revenue for the Gandanian government.

E.     No government official in Gandania has ever previously proposed laws aimed at curtailing tobacco use.

G国政府对烟草销售具有垄断地位，与吸烟相关的疾病的发病率最近20年上升。卫生部长最近通过一系列的法律来限制烟草在G的消耗。但是烟草销售的利润占G国年收入的10%。因此G国不可能通过这项法律。----如果健康保险是由国家提供，那么近20年的保险支出一定大增，如果这个增加超过了销售烟草的利润，那么个G国政府会支持这项法律就不奇怪了。同A答案

GWD-TN-18

28: GWD-29-Q9

Manatees, aquatic mammals inhabiting Florida’s rivers and coastal waters, swim close to the surface and are frequently killed in collisions with boats.  To address the problem, boat traffic in manatee-populated waters is being required to maintain very low speeds.  Unfortunately, manatees are unable to hear low-pitched sounds and a boat’s sound lowers in pitch as the boat slows.  Therefore, this approach may in fact make things worse rather than better.

Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the conclusion?

A.    The areas where boats would have to maintain low speeds were decided partly on the basis of manatee-population estimates and partly from numbers of reported collisions between manatees and boats.

B.    Because the water hyacinth that manatees feed on grows best in water that is nearly still, water hyacinth beds can be disturbed or damaged by fast-moving boat traffic.

C.    Over the last several decades, boat traffic in Florida’s coastal waters has been increasing almost continuously and now represents the greatest threat to the endangered manatee population.

D.    The sound of a boat engine generally travels much further under water than it does through the air.

E.     When experimenters exposed manatees to the recorded sounds of boats moving at various speeds, the creatures were unable to discern the sounds over normal background noise.

M是一种水栖哺乳动物生活在F的河里以及近海，它们游的很靠近水平面，因此很容易与船碰撞死亡。为了解决这个问题，水路管理部门要求船只在M多出现的水域减速。不幸的是，M的不能听见低调的声音且当船减速时船的声音变低。因此这个方法只会使事情变得更加严重。-----E答案：将M置于船在不同速度而产生的不同声音里，它不能察觉到声音的变化。结论：开的慢的船会让鱼撞死的更多；原因：鱼听不见低音调的慢船。这两点要成立因果关系中间需要桥梁：即，鱼只要听见船的声音就会避开相撞事故，断开这座桥梁的削弱法：船开多快多慢鱼反正都是听不见的。

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31: GWD-29-Q16

Political Advertisement:

Mayor Delmont’s critics complain about the jobs that were lost in the city under Delmont’s leadership.  Yet the fact is that not only were more jobs created than were eliminated, but each year since Delmont took office the average pay for the new jobs created has been higher than that year’s average pay for jobs citywide.  So it stands to reason that throughout Delmont’s tenure the average paycheck in this city has been getting steadily bigger.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?

A.    The unemployment rate in the city is higher today than it was when Mayor Delmont took office.

B.    The average pay for jobs in the city was at a ten-year low when Mayor Delmont took office.

C.    Each year during Mayor Delmont’s tenure, the average pay for jobs that were eliminated has been higher than the average pay for jobs citywide.

D.    Most of the jobs eliminated during Mayor Delmont’s tenure were in declining industries.

E.     The average pay for jobs in the city is currently lower than it is for jobs in the suburbs surrounding the city

该题文章同第四套14题为支持题。市长D的反对者抱怨在D任职期间在城市中减少了工作机会 。然而实际上不仅是创造出的工作比减少的多，且这些新增工作的平均工资要高于全市工资水平。因此在D任职期间平均工资水平正在上涨。---C答案：在D的任期，那些减少的工作的平均工资要高于全市水平。也就是说减少了那些高薪工作后，全市的平均水平肯定下降，又新增一些比下降后的全市平均工资高的工作，这样不一定会超过原来的水平。因此结论说平均工资在上涨就没有根据了。

sunny9653

有帮助，谢了！！