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GMAT考试-10月22日换题库阅读新题时时更新

目录
Social Science Division        1
1.1Business & Economics        1
1.1.1 restaurant 的service guarantee △        1
1.1.2企业竞争 △        2
1.1.3 CEO★        3
1.1.4  check支付方式        5
1.1.5  government regulation与crop出口量        5
1.1.6营销策略        5
1.2Analysis & Research        6
1.2.1新理论        6
1.3Human (Woman) Revolution & Historical stuff        6
1.3.1关于“公谊会教徒Quakers”中的女性的教育 ★        6
1.3.2  黑人奴隶自由        6
1.4Art & Culture        7
1.4.1广告 △        7
1.4.2部落与现代手段        10
1.4.3美国立法        10
1.4.4 加拿大铁路 △        10

Natural Science Division        12
2.1.        Biology        12
2.1.1保护动物        12
2.1.2猛兽灭绝 △        12
2.1.3  native species declines        16
2.1.4 lepidoptera★更改答案(10/24日晚11点修改)        16
2.1.5引进新物种        18
2.1.6蟾蜍与青蛙        18
2.1.7恐龙灭绝  △        19
2.1.8鸟过冬        24
2.1.9  DNA与细菌        24
2.2.Geography & Geology        24
2.2.1中国人测量喜马拉雅山★        24
2.2.2 地震 △        26
2.2.3 测量误差        28
2.3.        Astronomy & Environmental Science        28
2.3.1暗物质 △★        28
2.3.2某星球北极上的冰        32
2.3.3  clock △        33
2.3.4月亮的形成 △        35
2.3.5 小行星撞击 △        39
2.3.6 Moon-earth 生命体        41
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Social Science Division
1.1Business & Economics
1.1.1 restaurant 的service guarantee △
V1  【by: lamandel】
第一段:提出service guarantee 这个东西带来的影响是mixed的,对于一个比较高级的餐厅来说,有service guarantee是有帮助的,因为去这种餐厅是一种financial commitment,有service guarantee 是符合对这这种高级餐厅的期望的。但是对于一个a开头的一个形容的餐厅,我猜是那种评价的,大排档一样的餐厅,service guarantee 往往会产生nagative effect, 因为人们本来就没有期望从这样的餐厅里头得到多好的服务,有了service guarantee让人们觉得餐厅是不是觉得对于自己的服务的不自信还是什么的,然后这样的情况是对于一般餐厅来说的,但是对于那种需要skill的行业,比如说修理啊什么的行业,人们还是期望要有service guarantee的。
第二段:说对于restaurant 来说,这样的guarantee可能带来的东西对于staff方面比在customer方面多,然后说一来staff可以用这个东西比对标准来工作,二来可以⋯⋯忘了(不重要)

问题: 文章的idea :我选的是介绍service guarantee的disadvantage 和advantages,大家再看看,今天我的答案没有参考性。
后面还有两个问题,一个好像是问人们对service guarantee 的看法,有一个比较靠谱的选项是他们对服务质量有要求的时候,sg就会有用之类的。另外个想不出来了!!

V2  【by: tracytx121】

想起来第一篇了!刚看了阅读的整理想起来了 就是内个resturant的问题 一屏不到 没生词且好懂..
补一个题目吧 就是有一道题问service guarantee对内些不是特别高级的餐馆有什么影响
答案是:customer会觉得餐厅对自己的服务质量缺乏信心 比较确定 可以在原文定位..

V3  【by: calvin1983】

讲质量保证,作者分别举例说明了质保在餐厅业的作用,一方面对高端餐厅而言是积极的,另一方面对中低而言则可能让消费者怀疑餐馆存在质量问题。接着介绍质保对某些行业只会显出积极的效果。下一段有点模糊了,讲到了餐馆员工的服务质量,比较简单

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考古  by: ryangu619
V1
在服务业中guarantee的作用,8月jj29 (以下转录自04年8月SC & RC机经滚动总结:
还有一篇是management的,很简单,好像是第四篇:讲服务承诺的事情。

第一段:先讲服务承诺对不同档次的餐馆的的影响。对于档次高的餐馆就管用,对于档次低的餐馆就会有负面的影响。原因是客户对这些餐馆本来就有印象,对其服务水平有概念,档次低的餐馆,这么一承诺反而引起客人的怀疑。但是,这种情况只是出现在类似餐饮业这种行业中,像软件业这样,客户一般不具备专业知识去了解产品和服务,客户就会很需要这种承诺。(这段有考点问你软件业和餐饮业的区别,好像还有考点问低档次餐馆和高档次餐馆的区别。我有印象,大家注意别选那个肤浅的选项,说什么一个使用承诺管用,一个不管用;个人意见,选引起区别的原因,不要选区别本身。)

第二段:对于餐饮业来说,服务承诺的重要性不是在对客户的吸引,而是:一、让员工知道什么样的服务是企业成功所需要的;二、给一些传统上认为unskill的劳动成为skill的(这个我忘了,好像当时也没看清,呵呵。第二段整体是考点,问你服务承诺的作用)。应该有主旨题,反正不难,我给忘了。

V2
是说service guarantee. 首段说这种服务保证对高档次的餐厅而言会有很好的辅助作用。另一方面,对低档的饭店来说,会起到副作用,因为顾客会怀疑服务质量。但是,对某些high skilled行业,如electricity等,这种保证却十分有效。因为顾客会认为它代表了高质量。二段说某人的某理论对这种现象进行了解释。三个细节题,都不难。)(x3次)

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1.1.2企业竞争 △
V1  【by: tiancai8888】
将一个大家通俗的理论说,这个通俗的理论说的是如果几个同行企业地点在附近,那么这几个企业就会因为竞争而利润下降云云,总之没好处。但是最近理论却发现实际上,企业设的近反而能gain profit。后面几段都是讲data和证据之类的。

V2  【by: nickshengmat】

还有一篇很长说business在一起好。因为有technology, 人们比较会去那里,还有sevice之类的,还说这些business在rural比较少,因为人们比较方便, 还有说hotel,有些小的hotel 比chain hotel更能得到好处。

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考古 by: ryangu619    (待确认)

V1  bySharonluo33
p1: what is the conventional wisdom.
p2:whether the aim should be focused on the small things.many small companies have done so to win a good share of market
p3: whether big companies should do the same

V2  by myclover(730)
简单,讲的是国内的竞争是否有利于企业参与国际竞争。
第一段:传统观点是说国内竞争不利于企业参与国际竞争,因为国内竞争容易造成国内企业互相战斗损耗实力。所以有人建议国家应该整合企业让其具有垄断优势,再去国际市场竞争。
第二段:但研究发现,这种国家大型企业反而并没有优势。相反,国内竞争是对企业有好处的,因为更容易筛选出优质的企业,而且由于国内企业面临的环境相似,不会有一个企业因为在劳动力便宜的国家而占优势(有出题点),因此更能公平决出更优秀的企业来。
有主旨题,我选的”反驳一个传统的观点“

V3   by 恶意(M50V31 680)
公司的国内国际竞争到底好不好:(此篇非常容易,估计看见了就是掉进低分库了。。。我第一篇就是这个,看完心凉了都)
第一段:老观点说国家应该对大公司进行庇护,让他们不要因为国内竞争而内耗,从而能更专注地在国外竞争,为国家赚外汇从而牟利。任何竞争,国家都应该尽量调节。
第二段:反驳,说老观点错了。对这些公司的庇护等于溺爱。真正的强者应该是在国内竞争中脱颖而出的,经过国内市场历练,没有外国便宜劳动力影响的企业。这些企业若能在国内胜出,那么称霸国际也指日可待。

V4  byedwardelric(700)
国内的企业有利于国际的竞争,狗狗有,内容很全,不说了
我说题目,问你文章开头说一些经济学家认为...他们犯了什么错误
答案忽视了一些国内竞争有利化的其他的因素
2. 问最后一段话有啥作用?
答案的描述我记不清了,原文说的是不利的国内企业竞争却是是企业冲向国际的强大力量!

V5  byfionasong82(680)
一篇是国内企业参与国际竞争,一些学者说应该给国内企业以保护,作者反驳,认为在国内竞争有利于提高企业竞争力。第一句话和最后一句话都有题。第一句话问的是学者观点:就是要保护国内企业。最后一句话问作者这么说的结构是什么:选表面看似是不利的因素实际可以带来好处

V6  bylovepiao
第一篇就是conventional wisdom~考了文章最后一句话(黄字)~那句貌似是说虽然国内竞争blablabla~但是国内竞争还是有好处的~我选的是建立在缺点上的优点(这话说的。。。大致是这个意思)~还考了一题是开头some scientists(也是黄体)~具体忘了~

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1.1.3 CEO★
V1  【by: sky7115】

第一篇想起来了,是说公司board对于CEO的态度,说政府的方法premature(不认识,就知道mature)(有考点),board要自己做好(有考点)。然后分析了一下为啥board在这事儿上不行,因为他们content CEO工资和同类公司的比较。最后提了一个解决方案,说注重long-term和short-term的啥啥(好像是stock)(当时我还联想了产业组织理论中所有权和经营权分离的激励措施,原谅我做题爱走神)。

原文搜索:chinamerica,
CEO 那题貌似是这个

GWD 26-Q14 to Q16
Although recent censure of corporate boards of directors as “passive” and “supine” may be excessive, those who criticize board performance have plenty of substantive ammunition. Too many corporate boards fail in their two crucial responsibilities of overseeing long-term company strategy and of selecting, evaluating, and determining appropriate compensation of top management. At times, despite disappointing corporate performance, compensation of chief executive officers reaches indefensibly high levels, nevertheless, suggestions that the government should legislate board reform are premature. There are ample opportunities for boards themselves to improve corporate performance.
   Most corporate boards’ compensation committees focus primarily on peer-group comparisons. They are content if the pay of top executives approximates that of the executives of competing firms with comparable short-term earnings or even that of executives of competing firms of comparable size. However, mimicking the compensation policy of competitors for the sake of parity means neglecting the value of compensation as a means of stressing long-term performance. By tacitly detaching executive compensation policy from long-term performance, committees harm their companies and the economy as a whole. The committees must develop incentive compensation policies to emphasize long-term performance. For example a board’s compensation committee can, by carefully proportioning straight salary and such short-term and long-term incentives as stock options, encourage top management to pursue a responsible strategy.

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Q14
According to the passage, the majority of compensation committees put the greatest emphasis on which of the following when determining compensation for their executives?
A.    Long-term corporate performance
B.    The threat of government regulation
C.    Salaries paid to executives of comparable corporations
D.    The probable effect the determination will have on competitors
E.    The probable effect the economic climate will have on the company
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Q15
The passage suggests which of the following about government legislation requiring that corporate boards undergo reform?
A.    Such legislation is likely to discourage candidates from joining corporate boards.
B.    Such legislation is likely to lead to reduced competition among companies.
C.    The performance of individual companies would be affected by such legislation to a greater extent than would the economy as a whole.
D.    Such legislation would duplicate initiatives already being made by corporate boards to improve their own performance.
E.    Corporate boards themselves could act to make such legislation unnecessary.
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Q16
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A.    A problem is acknowledged, the causes are explored, and a solution is offered.
B.    A question is raised, opposing points of view are evaluated, and several alternative answers are discussed.
C.    A means of dealing with a problem is proposed, and the manner in which a solution was reached is explained.
D.    A plan of action is advanced, and the probable outcomes of that plan are discussed.
E.    Two competing theories are described and then reconciled.

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1.1.4  check支付方式
V1  【by: tracytx121】

还有一个貌似也是现象解释 一屏半好像 就是说check的使用率很高,虽然它的什么social cost大, 在其他的什么支付方式都被更普遍使用的时候,check的使用率还是居高不下。后面就是解释..有一个什么conventional explanation说balabalabala..另一段好像是另外一个解释..

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1.1.5  government regulation与crop出口量
V1  【by: nickshengmat】

还有一篇说government regulation使crop出口量减少了,但那些没有regulation的国家就没有影响。但受regulation影响的crop的比例只占1%,所以影响并不大。

1.1.6营销策略
V1  【by: chenrunyu】

讲营销策略的貌似,什么降价不降价,影响消费者的购买

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1.2Analysis & Research
1.2.1新理论
V1  【by: tiancai8888】
具体记不清了,就讲;两个人搞出一个某个新理论,然后这个理论还有写不足。然后这俩人就分别对这个不足提出自己的意见。

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1.3Human (Woman) Revolution & Historical stuff
1.3.1关于“公谊会教徒Quakers”中的女性的教育 ★
V1  【by: jessiecg】
是GWD15里面的一篇,但题目不一样。。。。

In her account of unmarried women’s experiences in colonial Philadelphia
, Wulf argues that educated young women, particularly Quakers, engaged in resistance to patriarchal marriage by exchanging poetry critical of marriage, copying verse into their commonplace books.Wulf suggests that this critique circulated beyond the daughters of the Quaker elite and middle class, whose commonplace books she mines, proposing that Quaker schools brought it to many poor female students of diverse backgrounds.


Here Wulf probably overstates Quaker schools’ impact.At least three years’ study would be necessary to achieve the literacy competence necessary to grapple with the material she analyzes. In 1765, the year Wulf uses to demonstrate the diversity of Philadelphia’s Quaker schools, 128 students enrolled in these schools.Refining Wulf’s numbers by the information she provides on religious affiliation, gender, and length of study, it appears that only about 17 poor non-Quaker girls were educated in Philadelphia
’s Quaker schools for three years or longer.While Wulf is correct that a critique of patriarchal marriage circulated broadly, Quaker schools probably cannot be credited with instilling these ideas in the lower classes.Popular literary satires on marriage had already landed on fertile ground in a multiethnic population that embodied a wide range of marital beliefs and practices.These ethnic- and class-based traditions themselves challenged the legitimacy of patriarchal marriage.

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