Here are two questions from Kaplan. I was confused by their reasoning. Can any DAXIA give some clue?
2500 individuals of voting age were polled and asked where they stood on the political spectrum. 78% of these individuals described themselves as “moderate” in their political views; however, in the national elections that most closely preceded and followed the poll, over half of the individuals polled voted for candidates far to one end of the political spectrum. It follows that these individuals did not accurately describe their political views.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the above argument relies?
A) individuals always characterize themselves in keeping with their actual political views.
B) there were no moderate candidates in the national elections preceding and following the poll
C) Voters with moderate political views will not vote for candidates who do not express moderate political views
D) voters can be highly fickle, changing their political views in a relatively short period of time
E) many of the polled individuals did not understand what a moderate political view is , and so misdescribed themselves
C.
A wave of unusual violence, from murder to suicide, plagued a medieval town for a period of five years. Concurrently, there was an unusual shift in the area’s weather: rainfall was so heavy and continuous that the rye crop probably fell prey to the ergot fungus, which causes those who eat it to develop a psychosis-inducing disease called ergotism. In the end, we can conclude that the town’s violence was the result of freakish weather conditions.
Which of the following is the most effective rebuttal to the conclusion made above?
A) it is based on a series of plausible suppositions rather than upon contemporary evidence.
B) No clear distinction is drawn between cause and effect.
C) Explanations of historical events cannot be convincing when too great a role is assigned to chance or the irrational.
D) The author relies too heavily on probable occurrences instead of actual occurrences
E) Such crucial terms as “unusual violence” are not adequately defined in regard to the specific historical event.
lisa 丫头，我认为suppositions是假设中世纪时也发生了psychosis-inducing disease called ergotism，导致自杀，谋杀；现在发生的psychosis-inducing disease called ergotism也会导致自杀和谋杀，这样才能把中世纪和现在联系在一起。
