总结：代词指代，就近指代 or按逻辑意思指代?

isuffering

总结：代词指代，就近指代 or按逻辑意思指代?

在总结时发现代词指代很值得讨论：
观点：代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代；
有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。

1．        代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代。
举例：XDF-S7-T24，XDF-S12-T21

XDF-S7-T24
24.        Several years ago the diet industry introduced a variety of appetite suppressants, but some of these drugs caused [U]stomach disorders severe enough to have them[/U] banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
(A) stomach disorders severe enough to have them
(B) stomach disorders that were severe enough so they were
(C) stomach disorders of such severity so as to be
(D) such severe stomach disorders that they were
(E) such severe stomach disorders as to be
The answer is D.
其中
but some of these drugs caused such severe stomach disorders that they were banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
“they ” 按逻辑意思指代drugs，而非就近指代。

XDF-S12-T21
21.        The filibuster, a parliamentary device that slows the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional [U]sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems[/U] more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications.
(A) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(B) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone who is associated with it, seeming to be
(C) sessions, tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(D) sessions, that tests the endurance of everyone associated with it and seems
(E) sessions, testing the endurance of everyone associated with it and seeming

The answer is A.

其中
a parliamentary device that slows( the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions) and tests ( the endurance of everyone associated with it)

即a parliamentary device that slows …and tests…
it按逻辑意思指代 a parliamentary device , 而非就近指代。

2．有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
举例：XDF-S12-T20，XDF-补充材料-T230

XDF-S12-T20
20.        In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for [U]cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected[/U].
(A) cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected
(B) cars that it had test-driven with their disconnected odometers
(C) its cars having been test-driven with disconnected odometers
(D) having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected
(E) having cars that were test-driven with disconnected odometers

The answer is D.

Sb. pay sth. for having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected.

其中with their odometers disconnected 作定语，修饰cars;
their 按逻辑意思指代cars.
虽然满足就近指代， 但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。

XDF-补充材料-T230
230.        In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines [U]have been priced to sell, and they are[/U].
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have
(E) had been priced to sell, and they have

The answer is C.

其中their wines are priced to sell, and they do.
“they” 按逻辑意思指代wines.
虽然满足就近指代， 但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
注意：这里同一句中的their, they 并没有指代同一名词.
their指代前面的Vintners, 而they 指代wines.
      
结论：代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代；
有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。

抛砖引玉， 欢迎讨论。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-19 12:53:16编辑过]

LittleLilyLiAng

非常感谢你的总结,真是恰逢甘霖.
不过,针对您对XDF-补充材料-T230的解释,我有一点不同看法:
您说their指代前面的Vintners,这点我赞同;但是我觉得后面的they仍然是指Vintners,而非wines.因为我觉得同一个代词在句子中前后都应指代同一个词语.而且,如果是指代Vintners也可以解释的通,若代wines我没有想明白意思.您的看法呢?望您指教!

atongmu

呵呵，楼主的例子都是指代主句主语啦！