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11. Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, “the good goddess.”
(A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers
(B) Basing it on various ancient writers’ accounts
(C) With accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis
(D) By the accounts of various ancient writers they used（E）
(E) Using accounts of various ancient writers
In choice A, the introductory clause beginning Based on modifies scholars, the noun that immediately follows it: in other words, A says that scholars were based on the accounts of various ancient writers. Choice B is awkward and imprecise in that the referent for the pronoun it is not immediately clear. C and D are also wordy and awkward, and in D By the accounts... they used is an unidiomatic and roundabout way of saying that scholars used the accounts. E, the best choice, is clear and concise; it correctly uses a present participle (or “-ing” verb) to introduce the modifier describing how the scholars worked. By…they use (By和use语意重复)
OG31. Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.
(A) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.
(B) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, which they admit they lack, many people are disinclined to recognize that their analytical skills are weak.
(C) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, analytical skills bring out a disinclination in many people to recognize that they are weak to a degree.
(D) Many people, willing to admit that they lack computer skills or other technical skills, are disinclined to recognize that their analytical skills are weak.（D）
(E) Many people have a disinclination to recognize the weakness of their analytical skills while willing to admit their lack of computer skills or other technical skills.
Choice D is best. Choice A illogically compares skills to a disinclination; choice B compares skills to many people. Choice C makes the comparison logical by casting analytical skills as the subject of the sentence, but it is awkward and unidiomatic to say skills bring out a disinclination. Also in C, the referent of they is unclear, and weak to a degree changes the meaning of the original statement. In E, have a disinclination... while willing is grammatically incomplete, and admit their lack should be admit to their lack. By making people the subject of the sentence, D best expresses the intended contrast, which pertains not so much to skills as to people’s willingness to recognize different areas of weakness.
35. In June of 1987, The Bridge of Trinquetaille, Vincent van Gogh’s view of an iron bridge over the Rhone sold for $20.2 million and it was the second highest price ever paid for a painting at auction.
(A) Rhone sold for $20.2 million and it was
(B) Rhone, which sold for $20.2 million, was
(C) Rhone, was sold for $20.2 million,
(D) Rhone was sold for $20.2 million, being（C）
(E) Rhone, sold for $20.2 million, and was
A comma(重要语法点) is needed after Rhone in choices A and D to set off the modifying phrase that begins Vincent...; without the comma, the phrase appears to be part of the main clause, and it is thus unclear what noun should govern the verb sold. Furthermore, it in A has no logical referent, and being in D is not idiomatic. Choices B and E produce the illogical statement that the painting was the second highest price. Choice C, the best answer, avoids this problem by using a noun phrase in which price clearly refers to $20.2 million. And by using a comma after Rhone to set off the phrase that modifies The Bridge of Trinquetaille, C makes the painting the subject of was sold.
50. As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.
(A) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.
(B) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind as an adult.
(C) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision would be rated about 20/500; qualifying it to be legally blind if an adult.
(D) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind.（D）
(E) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision, which would deemed legally blind for an adult, would be rated about 20/500.
In choice A, it, the subject of the main clause, seems to refer to baby, the subject of the subordinate clause; thus, A seems to state that the newborn baby, rather than its sense of vision, would be rated 20/500. Similarly, choices B and E use awkward and ambiguous phrasing that suggests that the sense of vision, rather than an adult with 20/500 vision, would be considered legally blind. C incorrectly uses the semicolon, which should separate independent clauses, to set off a verb phrase. The phrase if an adult in C is also illogical, since it states that a baby could also be an adult. D is the best choice.
GEMJ的解释
这个例子并不影响我的结论。
这个题目不选A，是因为A中的第一个IT可能导致混乱和误解，而相比而言，D是多么地完美无缺啊！
更况且A中的第二个it(不论是baby还是 vision)无论指代什么都说不通。ETS在解释错误的时候，好多的错误它不谈，不知是何居心？况且本题的第二个错误更加严重！
再说一遍我的意思：出现这种有可能产生歧义的指代时，也就是句子的有效性（EFFECTIVENESS）出现问题时，我们要高度警惕。如果有更好的选项，则将其抛弃！
但并不是说看它就不可能成为正确的答案。
By the way, xianwharton的确切的意思是什么我还不是十分清楚。
你是说我的什么观点有问题，还是想找一条确定的法则应对所有的题目？
60. According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, like that of earlier generations.
(A) like that of earlier generations
(B) as that for earlier generations
(C) just as earlier generations did
(D) as have earlier generations（E）
(E) as it was of earlier generations
The intended comparison should be completed by a clause beginning with as and containing a subject and verb that correspond to the subject and verb of the main clause. In E, the best choice, it refers unambiguously to the phrasal subject owning... land, the verb was corresponds to is, and today’s young adults are appropriately compared to earlier generations. Choices A and B lack a verb corresponding to is and a clear referent for that. Choices C and D are confusing and illogical because their verbs, did and have, cannot substitute for is in the main clause.
GEMJ的解释
不是不可以指代，是不能明确地指代a goal。
注意ETS的解释是：
Choices A and B lack a verb corresponding to is and a clear referent for that.
我想ETS在这里说的不能明确地指代a goal是从语法上说的，从逻辑上应该可以搞定THAT的指代对象。
从语法上，并不止你说的这两种可能性（owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land和a goal），还可能指代poll、house、land。从语法上好像没有规则可以排除这些可能性吧？
当然这个题目的主要问题在于结构上不如E完美，E与前面的句子构成了非常好的对称。
129. In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are.
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have（C）
(E) had been priced to sell, and they haveIn choice C, the best answer, do is correctly used in place of the full verb do sell; in this verb, do is a conjugated form and sell is in the infinitive form, corresponding to its previous use in the sentence (in the phrase priced to sell). In choice A, the omitted word is selling; in B, D, and E, it is sold. Neither of these forms corresponds properly to to sell earlier in the sentence. Also, in E, the past perfect had been priced signifies that the wines had been priced to sell before the prices were cut.
182. Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances, but many of them can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly.
(A) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be
(B) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being
(C) A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being
(D) A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as（D）
(E) Household cleaning products may not be thought of, by consumers, as
A correct sentence will follow the idiomatic form of expression to think of X as Y. Only D, the best choice, uses as in the comparison. The infinitive to be in A and the participle being in B and C cannot grammatically and idiomatically connect those choices to the rest of the sentence. Moreover, in C the plural pronoun their does not agree with the singular noun referent, consumer. E is awkward and wordy in its use of the passive voice.
209. The Senate approved immigration legislation that would grant permanent residency to millions of aliens currently residing here and if employers hired illegal aliens they would be penalized.
(A) if employers hired illegal aliens they would be penalized
(B) hiring illegal aliens would be a penalty for employers
(C) penalize employers who hire illegal aliens
(D) penalizing employers hiring illegal aliens（C）
(E) employers to be penalized for hiring illegal aliens
The sentence contains a relative clause (that...) indicating, in its compound predicate, two effects of the immigration legislation: (it) would grant x and (would) penalize y. The auxiliary would may be omitted before penalize, but the main verbs must remain parallel. Only C, the best choice, observes these conditions. A and B produce incoherent, fused sentences in which the two main clauses are not parallel. Furthermore, in A the referent of they is unclear, and in B the statement hiring illegal aliens would be a penalty makes no sense(没有逻辑主语). D violates parallel structure by substituting a present participle (penalizing) for the second main verb. E introduces an incoherent passive infinitive construction that violates sense and parallel structure.
227. Judicial rules in many states require that the identities of all prosecution witnesses are made known to defendants so they can attempt to rebut the testimony, but the Constitution explicitly requires only that the defendant have the opportunity to confront an accuser in court.
(A) that the identities of all prosecution witnesses are made known to defendants so they can attempt to rebut
(B) that the identities of all prosecution witnesses be made known to defendants so that they can attempt to rebut
(C) that the defendants should know the identities of all prosecution witnesses so they can attempt a rebuttal of
(D) the identities of all prosecution witnesses should be made known to defendants so they can attempt rebutting（B）
(E) making known to defendants the identities of all prosecution witnesses so that they can attempt to rebut
In English the subjunctive mood is used to express a wish or requirement that a certain course of action be taken. Such phrasing takes the form to wish [or] require that x be y, not that x should be y or that x is y. Choice B, therefore, is best. In place of the subjunctive, A uses the indicative are and E uses an awkward gerund, making, while C and D contain the unnecessary should. A and C also omit that after so, and D omits that after require. The phrase attempt to rebut is more idiomatic than the phrases that replace it in C and D. Choices C and E awkwardly place the plural noun witnesses between the plural pronoun they and its referent, defendants.
GEMJ的解释B选项中的they的指代不是完美清晰的。凡是不符合“优先指代”规则的情况都会出现这样的问题。
但不能说这种情况就是指代不清了，因为这个选项从逻辑的角度看，其中they是不可能指代identities的，只能指代人。从逻辑的角度能够清晰地判断其指代对象。
更不能说这就是错误的，毕竟“优先指代”是“优先”，不是永远。
或者说违背“优先指代”规则的选项有可能是正确的选项。
毕竟，世界上没有完美无缺的语言。
或者以安哥的话来说，这只是EFFECTIVENESS的问题，而非CORRECTIVENESS。
234. The physical structure of the human eye enables it to sense light of wavelengths up to 0.0005 millimeters; infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye.
(A) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye
(B) however, the wavelength of infrared radiation—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye making it invisible
(C) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long for the eye to register it
(D) however, because the wavelength of infrared radiation is 0.1 millimeters, it is too long for the eye to register and thus invisible（A）
(E) however, infrared radiation has a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long for the eye to register, thus making it invisible
Choice A, the best answer, is clear, idiomatic, and grammatically correct. In B, the misplaced participial phrase making it invisible modifies eye rather than wavelength, thus producing a confusing statement that distorts the meaning. In C, D, and E the use of the second it is so imprecise as to be confusing. Furthermore, in D, and thus invisible incorrectly modifies wavelength rather than infrared radiation. Choice E produces an illogical statement by using a restrictive clause introduced by that where a comma followed by the nonrestrictive “which” is required: a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long nonsensically suggests that not all wavelengths of 0.1 millimeters are too long for the eye to register.
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12. The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month.
(A) world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month
(B) world, proclaiming a sacred truce during the festival’s month
(C) world when they proclaimed a sacred truce for the festival month
(D) world, for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of the festival
(E) world by proclamation of a sacred truce that was for the month of the festival
Solome的解释The Olympic Games 不能发出这个动作呢proclaimed a sacred truce for the festival month
没有错误 | 
