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GMAT CRITICAL REASONING OLD QUESTIONS REVIEW
24.Many plant varieties used in industrially developed nations to improve cultivated crops come from less-developed nations. No compensation is paid on the grounds that the plants used are “the common heritage of humanity.” Such reasoning is, however, flawed. After all, no one suggests that coal, oil, and ores should be extracted without payment.
Which of the following best describes an aspect of the method used by the author in the argument above?
(A)The author proceeds from a number of specific observations to a tentative generalization.
(B)The author applies to the case under discussion fact about phenomena assumed to be similar in some relevant respect.
(C)A position is strengthened by showing that the opposite of that position would have logically absurd consequences.
(D)A line of reasoning is called into question on the grounds that it confuse cause and effect in a causal relation.
(E)An argument is analyzed by separating statements of fact from individual value judgements.
A): B WHY NOT A? [F.32, Q.18]
25.Although the surge in consumer spending over the last 2 years has mostly benefited foreign companies as US consumers purchased imported products, some US service industries have benefited as well. Payments to medical doctors, for example, have increased significantly in the past year after a lengthy lull.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that the medical doctors have benefited from the recent surge in consumer spending?
(A)Consumers of medical care in the US tend to postpone treatment for minor medical problems during periods of economic recession.
(B)Increases in the cost of malpractice insurance have required doctors to increase their fees accordingly.
(C)Preventive measures against catastrophic illnesses such as heart disease have generally improved the health of US consumers.
(D)The number of nonprofit, publicity owned hospitals in the US has increased over the last year.
(E)The average proportion of each medical bill paid by individuals rather than by medical insurance has decreased over the last year.
A): B WHY NOT E? [F.33, Q.9]
26.A study of the medical records of people below the age of 40 found that those whose spouses have died have a significantly lower chance of surviving to 40 than do those with living spouses. This suggests that the emotional stress of being widowed severely affects widow’s and widowers’ health.
Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on this study’s support for the conclusion suggested above?
(A)Even before the study was made, it was generally acknowledged that the emotional trauma of being widowed is associated with deterioration in health.
(B)The study did not exclude deaths caused by accidents in which both members of a married couple received fatal injuries.
(C)A similar, though less severe, effect on health is observed in the immediate aftermath of divorce or separation.
(D)Many of the widows and widowers whose records were studied showed little susceptibility to stress before their spouses’ deaths.
(E)Medical examinations of newly widowed people generally show them to be no less healthy than the population at large.
A): B WHY NOT E? [F.33, Q.14]
27. During the 1960’s only 15% of the growth in the US population was due to immigration. The other 85% was due to the amount by which the birthrate was higher than the rate. The population has grown continuously since then, but today immigration accounts for 30% of population growth. Nonetheless, the number of people immigrating each year has not changed significantly.
From the information above it can be properly concluded that, as compared to the 1960’s, in the US today
(A)the birthrate is lower
(B)population growth is roughly the same
(C)the population is growing more slowly
(D)the death rate is higher
(E)fewer people are emigrating
A): C WHY NOT A? [F.33, Q.17] |
