[求助]几道OG的逻辑题!

搞不懂这几题在干么......谢谢!
183.
Editorial:
Regulations recently imposed by the government of Risemia call for unprecedented reductions in the amounts of pollutants manufacturers are allowed to discharge into the environment. It will take costly new pollution control equipment requiring expensive maintenance to comply with these regulations. Resultant price increases for Risemian manufactured goods will lead to the loss of some export markets. Clearly, therefore, annual exports of Risemian manufactured goods will in the future occur at diminished levels.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the editorial?
(A) The need to comply with the new regulations will stimulate the development within Risemia of new pollution control equipment for which a strong worldwide demand is likely to emerge.
(B) The proposed regulations include a schedule of fines for noncompliance that escalate steeply in cases of repeated noncompliance.
(C) Savings from utilizing the chemicals captured by the pollution control equipment will remain far below the cost of maintaining the equipment.
(D) By international standards, the levels of pollutants currently emitted by some of Risemia's manufacturing plants are not considered excessive.
(E) The stockholders of most Risemia manufacturing corporations exert substantial pressure on the corporations to comply with environmental laws.

186. Offshore oil-drilling operations entail an unavoidable risk of an oil spill, but importing oil on tankers presently entails an even greater such risk per barrel of oil. Therefore, if we are to reduce the risk of an oil spill without curtailing our use of oil, we must invest more in offshore operations and import less oil on tankers.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Tankers can easily be redesigned so that their use entails less risk of an oil spill.
(B) Oil spills caused by tankers have generally been more serious than those caused by offshore operations.
(C) The impact of offshore operations on the environment can be controlled by careful management.
(D) Offshore operations usually damage the ocean floor, but tankers rarely cause such damage.
(E) Importing oil on tankers is currently less expensive than drilling for it offshore.
195.
A proposed change to federal income tax laws would eliminate deductions from taxable income for donations a taxpayer has made to charitable and educational institutions. If this change were adopted, wealthy individuals would no longer be permitted such deductions. Therefore, many charitable and educational institutions would have to reduce services, and some would have to close their doors.
The argument above assumes which of the following?
(A) Without the incentives offered by federal income tax laws, at least some wealthy individuals would not donate as much money to charitable and educational institutions as they otherwise would have.
(B) Money contributed by individuals who make their donations because of provisions in the federal tax laws provides the only source of funding for many charitable and educational institutions.
(C) The primary reason for not adopting the proposed change in the federal income tax laws cited above is to protect wealthy individuals from having to pay higher taxes.
(D) Wealthy individuals who donate money to charitable and educational institutions are the only individuals who donate money to such institutions.
(E) Income tax laws should be changed to make donations to charitable and educational institutions the only permissible deductions from taxable income.

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himba发表于 2004-3-31 22:14 | 只看该作者

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这个什么risemia国家我就用###代替了
第一题：
社论：###政府最近做出了严格的规定，要求各个生产商减少向环境中排放污染物，而排放量限制的加大也是空前的，那么企业为了达到这样的标准，就要花费大量的金钱购买处理污染物的设备，因此相关的产品的价格就会随之上涨，从而导致出口的下降。很明显，在今后的一段时间####的年出口量会下降。

第二题：
海上输油设备不可避免的存在油料泄漏的风险，但是目前用油轮运输所造成的风险还要是前者的两倍，因此在不减少输入石油的数量的前提下，降低风险的最好的办法就是，在海上输油设备商投资更多，并且减少用油轮运输。

第三题

联邦所得税议案的修正法案提出：“向慈善教育机构捐款将能获得所得税上的减免“这个政策将被取消，如果这项议案被采纳，那么富人们将不再不能享受到减税，很多慈善教育机构将不得不缩减服务，有一些将不得不关门。

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