请问阅读63篇中的第40篇

hbjat1989

Passage 40

Joseph Glarthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excel-


lent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the


Civil War, but it uses more soldiers’ letters and diaries—


including rare material from Black soldiers—and concen-

(5) rates more intensely on Black-White relations in Black


regiments than do any of its predecessors. Glathaar’s title


expresses his thesis: loyalty, friendship, and respect among


White officers and Black soldiers were fostered by the


mutual dangers they faced in combat.

(10 )Glarthaar accurately describes the government’s discrim-


inatory treatment of Black soldiers in pay, promotion, medi


cal care, and job assignments, appropriately emphasizing


the campaign by Black soldiers and their officers to get the


opportunity to fight. That chance remained limited through

(15) out the war by army policies that kept most Black units


serving in rear-echelon assignments and working in labor


battalions. Thus, while their combat death rate was only


one-third that of White units, their mortality rate from


disease, a major killer in his war, was twice as great.

(20)Despite these obstacles, the courage and effectiveness of


several Black units in combat won increasing respect from


initially skeptical or hostile White soldiers. As one White


officer put it, “they have fought their way into the respect

of all the army.”

(25) In trying to demonstrate the magnitude of this attitudi-


nal change, however, Glarthaar seems to exaggerate the


prewar racism of the White men who became officers in


Black regiments. “Prior to the war,” he writes of these


men, “virtually all of them held powerful racial prejudices.”

(30)While perhaps true of those officers who joined Black


units for promotion or other self-serving motives, this state-


ment misrepresents the attitudes of the many abolitionists


who became officers in Black regiments. Having spent


years fighting against the race prejudice endemic in Ameri-

(35)
can society; they participated eagerly in this military exper-


iment, which they hoped would help African Americans


achieve freedom and postwar civil equality. By current

standards of racial egalitarianism, these men’s paternalism

toward African Americans was racist. But to call their

(40)
feelings “powerful racial prejudices” is to indulge in

generational chauvinism—to judge past eras by present

standards.

7. Which of the following best describes the kind of error


attributed to Glarthaar in lines 25-28?


(A) Insisting on an unwarranted distinction between two



groups of individuals in order to render an argument


concerning them internally consistent


(B) Supporting an argument in favor of a given interpretation


of a situation with evidence that is not particularly


relevant to the situation


(C) Presenting a distorted view of the motives of certain


individuals in order to provide grounds for a negative


evaluation of their actions


(D) Describing the conditions prevailing before a given


event in such a way that the contrast with those


prevailing after the event appears more striking than it


actually is(D)


(E) Asserting that a given event is caused by another event


merely because the other event occurred before the given

event occurred

感觉文章不难理解,但是这道题的选项都好模糊啊,看不太懂,我选的是C.我对文章的理解是:Glarthaar的错误一是只采用了个别人的态度来说明整体的态度,二是用现在的标准来衡量以前,这道题应该是针对第一条的吧,就AC中强调了个人.怎么看也不明白为什么是D.请NN指点啊~~~



7. Which of the following best describes the kind of error


attributed to Glarthaar in lines 25-28?


(A) Insisting on an unwarranted distinction between two



groups of individuals in order to render an argument


concerning them internally consistent


(B) Supporting an argument in favor of a given interpretation


of a situation with evidence that is not particularly


relevant to the situation


(C) Presenting a distorted view of the motives of certain


individuals in order to provide grounds for a negative


evaluation of their actions


(D) Describing the conditions prevailing before a given


event in such a way that the contrast with those


prevailing after the event appears more striking than it


actually is(D)


(E) Asserting that a given event is caused by another event


merely because the other event occurred before the given

event occurred

感觉文章不难理解,但是这道题的选项都好模糊啊,看不太懂,我选的是C.我对文章的理解是:Glarthaar的错误一是只采用了个别人的态度来说明整体的态度,二是用现在的标准来衡量以前,这道题应该是针对第一条的吧,就AC中强调了个人.怎么看也不明白为什么是D.请NN指点啊~~~

zjhzkingsam

C 中的第一句话还勉强看得过去但是provide grounds for a negative evaluation of their actions
            
错的离谱了。
作者错误的夸大了战前white人对黑人的歧视（大概意思）的目的并不是为什么对这些人的行为给出负面的评价。
而是为了证明一种态度的转变。25行 In trying to demonstrate the magnitude of this attitudinal change
D正是说的作者的这种描述（事前事后）比实际情况更striking！

hbjat1989

哦~~~明白了,前面没太看懂D这句话.多谢啦

finnlijing

第七题的A选项怎么翻译 啊

Insisting on an unwarranted distinction between two  groups of individuals in order to render an argument concerning them internally consistent.

这里的render是什么意思啊？concerning them internally consistent是修饰argument的（即认为他们内部是一致的观点），还是 internally consistent 修饰render啊（即使得这个争论内部一致）