gwd 1-28

Freehorser

Q25 to Q28:

Recently biologists have been

interested in a tide-associated

periodic behavior displayed by

Line the diatom Hantzschia virgata, a

(5) microscopic golden-brown alga that

inhabits that portion of a shoreline

washed by tides (the intertidal zone).

Diatoms of this species, sometimes

called “commuter” diatoms, remain

(10) burrowed in the sand during high

tide, and emerge on the sand sur-

face during the daytime low tide.

Just before the sand is inundated by

the rising tide, the diatoms burrow

(15) again. Some scientists hypothesize

that commuter diatoms know that it

is low tide because they sense an

environmental change, such as an

alteration in temperature or a change

(20) in pressure caused by tidal move-

ment. However, when diatoms are

observed under constant conditions

in a laboratory, they still display

periodic behavior, continuing to bur-

(25) row on schedule for several weeks.

This indicates that commuter diatoms,

rather than relying on environmental

cues to keep time, possess an inter-

nal pacemaker or biological clock

(30) that enables them to anticipate peri-

odic changes in the environment.

A commuter diatom has an unusu-

ally accurate biological clock, a

consequence of the unrelenting

(35) environmental pressures to which

it is subjected; any diatoms that do

not burrow before the tide arrives

are washed away.

This is not to suggest that the

(40) period of this biological clock is

immutably fixed. Biologists have

concluded that even though a

diatom does not rely on the envi-

ronment to keep time, environmental

(45) factors—including changes in the

tide’s hydrostatic pressure, salin-

ity, mechanical agitation, and

temperature—can alter the period

of its biological clock according to

(50) changes in the tidal cycle. In short,

the relation between an organism’s

biological clock and its environment

is similar to that between a wristwatch

and its owner: the owner cannot

(55) make the watch run faster or slower,

but can reset the hands. However,

this relation is complicated in intertidal

dwellers such as commuter diatoms

by the fact that these organisms are

(60) exposed to the solar-day cycle as

well as to the tidal cycle, and some-

times display both solar-day and

tidal periods in a single behavior.

Commuter diatoms, for example,

(65) emerge only during those low tides

that occur during the day.

Q28:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

1. dispute the influence of environmental factors on the tide-associated behavioral rhythms displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata

2. describe how certain tide-associated behavioral rhythms displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata have changed over time

3. compare tide-associated behavioral rhythms to solar-day behavioral rhythms in the diatom Hantzschia virgata

4. examine how certain biological and environmental influences affect the tide-associated behavioral rhythms displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata

5. identify certain environmental factors that limit the effectiveness of the biological clock in the diatom Hantzschia virgata

答案D.但是我对这个biological influences怎么也不能认同。好像文章全部讲的都是environmental的呀，没有一点biological的。请多多指教。

EagerBeaver

文章第一句是中心句，本文的中心就是研究这个藻类的periodic behavior。

第一段讲biological clock对periodic behavior的决定性。

第二段讲environmental factors对biological clock的调整作用，从而间接影响periodic behavior。

两者是文章同等重要的组成部分。

所以main idea一定要既讲biological又讲environmental。

Freehorser

总结的好，明白了，我在回看做过的GWD题，这题还是很绕

georgeqian

However,

this relation is complicated in intertidal

dwellers such as commuter diatoms

by the fact that these organisms are

(60) exposed to the solar-day cycle as

well as to the tidal cycle, and some-

times display both solar-day and

tidal periods in a single behavior.

Commuter diatoms, for example,

(65) emerge only during those low tides

that occur during the day.

如何理解这句话呢？

Freehorser

thanks  a  lot  !!!

开若兰

QUOTE:

以下是引用georgeqian在2007-11-18 12:21:00的发言：
However, this relation is complicated in intertidal dwellers such as commuter diatoms by the fact that these organisms are exposed to the solar-day cycle as well as to the tidal cycle, and sometimes display both solar-day and tidal periods in a single behavior. Commuter diatoms, for example, emerge only during those low tides that occur during the day.

如何理解这句话呢？

然而，这种关系对于象 commuter diatom 这样的生活在潮水间地带的生物的影响是复杂的，因为这些生物同时既受到太阳日周期的影响，又受到潮汐周期的影响，有时这两个周期的影响会同时在单一行为上体现出来。比如说，commuter diatom 只在那些发生在白天的低潮时间才出现。

以上翻译做个参考。

开若兰

这篇文章还有一道题，请看下面的部分。

 

Q: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the effect of the solar-day cycle on the tide-associated periodic behavior displayed by communter diatoms?

 

A. The solar-day cycle makes this behavior less advantageous to the commuter diatoms at certain times of the year.

B. The solar-day cycle makes this behavior somewhat more erratic.

C. The solar-day cycle makes this behavior less important to the survival of the commuter diatoms.

D. Because of the solar-day cycle, this behavior is forced to proceed at a more rapid pace at certain times during the 24-hour day.

E. Because of the solar-day cycle, this behavior is not expressed at certain times during the 24-hour day.

 

标准答案是 C.，可是我认为 E. 选项才是正确答案。请大家发表意见。