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*1.1.6 换工作
By 出方告
说的是一直以来大家都研究全职工作情况下换工作的原因,这里有出题,说一直以来大家关于换工作有什么特点:我选的是研究都无视了兼职工作。之后列了几条,有一条是说学历高的人对工作期望越高越容易换。中间转折,但是最近有人研究了兼职工作换工作的原因。因为兼职工作没那么重要,所以人们期望不高,即便待遇环境不好也不太容易换。但是和全职工作一样的是:如果这个人是家里的顶梁柱,那他不太会换工作。有一道题说这文章是干嘛的,我选的是用以前研究的问题来对照现在的问题的那个。不确定。
考古
【未确认】
工作紧密性与跳槽**
V1 kirnamilk 710
P1:通常学者认为是...(原因,实在不记得了,两个很普通的原因,不重要哈)导致了人们换工作,但是最近有学者提出一个"embedment (嵌入)"的理论,大概是说个人与工作的联系,这种联系越紧,工作就会更稳定,工作就更不容易变动。有3个特点:1)与周围人的联系。2)与community的联系。3)与生活方式的联系。(大家注意我这三条记得不是完全准确啊)。
P2: 但是,有两种极端情况,这种联系太紧,也会导致人换工作,一种是这个人的network太强,认识太多人。还有一种是太投入工作忽视了家庭…
文言文vitalia (Golden自行确认)
V1
P1:先让步,一般认为:satisfactory(员工满意度)还有一个什么因素是员工离职与否的决定因素.然后,转折说embedment是另一个决定因素,然后就列举了embedment的三个因素
P2:转折,但是embedment不仅能够促进员工留住,而且也有可能促进员工离职.然后是列举了两种情况: 1)connection使得员工有更多机会去了解新的工作机会,从而离职; 2)embedment可能会使得员工在公司和家庭之间产生矛盾.
1 主题题注意作者TS的语气,有无强转折,强对比等
2 in order to 题
3 except细节(参考:有可能是背景里的第三四两段的小列举/第5段首句):Employee considers company as a community’s big part
背景文
(据说提供者叫)巴神
According to Mitchell et al. (2001), job embeddedness represents a broad cluster of ideas that influence an employee's choice to remain in a job, operating like a net or a web in which an individual becomes enmeshed. A person who is highly embedded has many connections within a perceptual life space (Lewin, 1951). Moreover, a person can become enmeshed or embedded in a variety of ways (both on and off the job). The critical aspects of job embeddedness are the extent to which the job is similar to or fits with the other aspects in their life space, the extent to which the person has links to other people or activities, and the ease with which links can be broken--what they would give up if they left. These dimensions are called fit, links and sacrifice. Less concerned with the influence of any one specific connection, job embeddedness focuses on the overall level of connectedness (Mitchell et al., 2001).
介绍工作嵌入度的三个方面:fit (适合), links(联系) and sacrifice(损失)
According to the theory of job embeddedness (Mitchell, Holtom and Lee, 2001), an employee's personal values, career goals and plans for the future must fit with the larger corporate culture and the demands of his or her immediate job (e.g., job knowledge, skills and abilities). In addition, a person will consider how well he or she fits the community and surrounding environment. Job embeddedness assumes that the better the fit, the higher the likelihood that an employee will feel professionally and personally tied to the organization.
讲第一方面----fit(适合),员工的个人价值,职业目标和未来计划必须与公司文化以及他/她个人的工作相一致,也就是fit。员工自己也会考虑自己是否fit其所属团体与环境。越fit,员工越有归属感,越不会跳槽。
Job embeddedness theory suggests that a number of threads link an employee and his or her family in a social, psychological, and financial web that includes work and non-work friends, groups, the community, and the physical environment where they are located. The greater the number of links between the person and the web, the more likely an employee will stay in a job (Mitchell et al., 2001).
讲第二方面----Link(联系)。与方方面面联系越紧密,员工越愿意留在公司。注意这段的小列举
The concept of sacrifice represents the perceived cost of material or psychological benefits that are forfeited by organizational departure. For example, leaving an organization may induce personal losses (e.g., losing contact with friends, personally relevant projects, or perks). The more an employee will have to give up when leaving, the more difficult it will be to sever employment with the organization (Shaw et al., 1998). Examples include non-portable benefits, like stock options or defined benefit pensions, as well as potential sacrifices incurred through leaving an organization like job stability and opportunities for advancement (Shaw et al., 1998). Similarly, leaving a community where they are highly involved in local organizations can be difficult for employees.
讲第三方面----sacrifice(损失)。员工在各方面损失越大,越不愿跳槽。注意这段的小列举
【未确认】
V1 by pipopipo0939
有篇阅读是说雇佣overeducatedemployees 的事情。
第一段:说了一下基本情况,说overeducatedemployees做同样的工作,赚的钱却比别人的多(有一个高亮)
第二段:解释(考点)First,Second,Finally
第三段:But…好像是想说这些员工在别的方面比较有优势,比如应变能力之类的。
好像跟另外的几篇文章记串了,所以还是别误导大家,确定的是,有一道题忘了问什么了,但确定是选first…的那个选项好像是C选项
V2 by wxwgogo
overeducated worker
第一段讲overeducated的两个现象 一个好像是可以找更好工作(这个不重要)第二个是他们可以比做相同工作的人(这些人也可以胜任这些工作)拿钱多
第二段overeducated出现的原因,文中出现四个(此处出题)有:他们老是找不到好的,降低了自己标准;有些人把暂时的差工作当career path的跳板;
有些人的好character没被发现(这个不是选项,容易和选项:他们不知道他们是overeducated混淆);还有一个记不得了
第三段讲 第一个现象好解释第二个现象是为什么呢 给出一个解释是公司想保证一些运转不出问题而高学历的人能在关键时刻解决问题
举了银行中信息系统招员工的例子 因为银行的信息系统一旦垮会影响很大 所以找高学历的人保证紧急情况下能解决问题
(1) high light the second fact vereducated worker are paid more than workers( adequqte for the job) doing thesame job
the aim is to ( contracting with the first fact which isnatural to understand)
(2) the passage suggest that ( overeducatedare paid more doing hte same job)
(3) why are there so many overeducated? thereason are following except
(there are 4 in the text, 5 chioces, choosethey do not know they are overeducated and can be offered better jobs)
V3 by jinjinfeizei (740)
还有一篇:overeducated工人和企业雇佣:讨论为什么企业喜欢雇佣overeducated工人的问题。文中提出两种原因,先提出一种,但是有科学家(欧洲人)认为不能解释现象,就又提出一种,认为overeducated工人可以帮公司解决临时发生的大困难。
考古by somervill
版本1
" 第一段, 提出了两个现象:1)thereis some overeducated people who is doing the job that does not require suchhigh education 2) companies are likely to pay more to those overeducated peoplefor doing the same job than those non-overeducated.
第二段, 针对第一个现象,提出了一些解释,大概包括:是因为有的人太久找不到工作,所以就屈就了,还有的人是拿这些容易的Job做跳板。(不太重要,基本没考)
第 三段, 针对第二种现象,有两个鸟人蹦出来提出了一种解释:公司之所以给那些做简单工作的高学历者高工资是因为相当于上了一种保险:当他们工作中出现某些比本职工 作棘手的情况时,他们也能应付。现代社会的特点是这些公司怕出现意外时员工处理不好,会导致整个公司完蛋!最后还举了银行雇佣大学生做datatypist的例子证明上述观点。(呵呵,看来不光是咱中国人力资源过剩阿)
"
版本2
有 一道是关于overeducatedworkers 这种现象,第一段先写了两个关于这种现象的generalfact ,一种就是overeducated workers 比与他们相同的水平的但是是做与之水平相当的工作的人的待遇少,另一种就是overeducatedworkers比与他们做同样工作的,但是学历没他们高的人的待遇要好。 第二段就是解释为什么会有这样的现象,然后就是说现有的解释都无法来说明第二种general fact,然后又用了两个人关于银行的调查来说明为什么会有第二种generalfact |
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