Cassiopeia

GWD7-Q15:
        The city has proposed a number of water treatment and conservation projects the cost of which raises water bills high enough so that even environmentalists are beginning to raise alarms.

•        the cost of which raises water bills high enough so that
•        at a cost raising water bills so high that
•        at a cost which raises water bills high enough so
•        whose cost will raise water bills so high that
•        whose cost will raise water bills high enough so that

1 cost用法：at a cost of 。用在此处含义也不对。“以牺牲……为代价……”
2 whose可以指代物。
3 还没发生，应该用将来时

Cassiopeia

GWD7-Q26:
        The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to announce a reduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but officials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day.

•        year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output
•        year, but only if the output of non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, is trimmed
•        year only if the output of non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would be trimmed
•        year only if non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were trimming output
•        year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output

but 在此处语义重复且累赘
nations和includes不一致，排除D
主动优于被动，排除C
trim: reduce
E
if only…would:
used to mention an unlikely situation or event that you want to happen
eg: If only he would listen to me.

If only
1: used to express a strong wish, esp when you know what you want can not happen.
Eg: if only he had talked to her sooner!
   If only I were not so tired!

2: used to give reason for sth, although you think it is not a good one.
Eg: media studies is regarded as a more exciting subject, if only because it is new.

Only if
表示“只有当……”，是if的用法之一，用在表示“将来有可能发生的情况下”，适用于条件状语的约束，即表示可能性很大的事用一般时态；不相信会发生，可能性较小的用过去时。此处表示发生的可能性较大比较符合逻辑。

Cassiopeia

GWD7-Q39:
        Seldom more that 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, but it ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal connected the Hudson River at Albany to the Great Lakes at Buffalo, providing the port of New York City with a direct water link to the heartland of the North American continent.

•        Seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, but it ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal connected
•        Seldom more than 40 feet wide or 12 feet deep but running 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal connected
•        It was seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, and ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, but the Erie Canal, connecting
•        The Erie Canal was seldom more than 40 feet wide or 12 feet deep and it ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, which connected
•        The Erie Canal, seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, but running 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, connecting

用or 表示两项标准中的一个都很难达到，更别说两个一起达到了
A：it ran……不和谐
B：避免了其他选项中的一切问题，but链接两个修饰成分
C：and ran……应该是but。
D：同上
E：没有谓语

Cassiopeia

GWD7-Q40:
        Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times, and because of the economy’s continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be raised again in November.

•        because of the economy’s continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will
•        with the economy’s strength continuing, analysts predicted for weeks that the target
•        because the economy continues strong, analysts predicted for weeks that the target would
•        due to the economy’s continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target
•        due to the fact of the economy’s continued strength, analysts predicted for weeks that the target will
A
Predict后面的预测内容还没有发生，要用will。
For weeks要用完成时表示持续了一段时间。
B: with 型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:
由“with＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当
B的主要问题是，with结构不能体现确定的因果关系。而此处需要确定的因果关系。
Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the
branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.   

Continued: continuing to happen or exist for a long time, or happening many times

Cassiopeia

GWD-8-Q24:
        A March 2000 Census Bureau survey showed that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population was from Germany.

•        the largest share for any country to contribute
•        the largest share that any country has contributed
•        which makes it the largest share for any country to contribute
•        having the largest share to be contributed by any country
•        having the largest share to have been contributed by any country
表示客观事实，用现在时
The largest share作为more than one quarter的同位语
很容易排除：since要用完成时
            Have done不能作为Ing分词修饰成分

Cassiopeia

GWD-8-Q29:
        Because of a similarity to dance, synchronized swimming—exhibition swimming in which the movements of one or more swimmers synchronize to a musical accompaniment—is sometimes called water ballet, especially in theatrical situations.

•        of one or more swimmers synchronize to
•        of one swimmer or more is synchronized with
•        of one or more swimmers are synchronized with
•        by one swimmer or more is synchronized to
•        by one or more swimmers synchronize to

C
synchronize：to arrange two things to happen together
synchronize sth with sth
这题如果不知道synchronize的用法也应该可以做对
因为选项中又出现is synchronized，说明这是个动词，A选项的用法显然是不合理的。

Cassiopeia

GWD-8-Q41:
        When drive-ins were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950’s, some 4,000 existed in the United States, but today there are less than one-quarter that many.

•        there are less than one-quarter that many
•        there are fewer than one-quarter as many
•        there are fewer than one-quarter of that amount
•        the number is less than one-quarter the amount
•        it is less than one-quarter of that amount

as many=a number that is equal to another number
examples:
- They say the people of Los Angeles speak 12 languages and teach just as many in the schools.
- A great trip! We visited five countries in as many days.
Amount: a quantity of sth, such as time, money or other substance. Used to say how much of sth there is.
此处4000 drive-ins是可数的，不能用amount代替。
这题说明there be 不一定是错误选项！

Cassiopeia

•        GWD-9-Q17:
•        Unlike most other mergers in the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas and electric company is intended to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question with states opening their utility markets to competition.

A.        and electric company is intended to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question with states opening
B.        and electric companies are intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open
C.        and electric companies are intended to create a huge network that will be marketing the utilities in question, with states opening
D.        company and electric company are intending to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question, with states opening
E.        company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open
纠结：AE
Merger:合并
合并必然是两个公司合并，A中leading gas and electric company可以指一个公司，也可以指两个，语义混乱
as states open…表示伴随原因。
In question：the thing that is being discussed
此处用到了for marketing，说明for doing不一定绝对错误

Cassiopeia

•        Q18: GWD-13-30
•        For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly there-quarters only a decade ago.

A.        which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago
B.        which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when it was nearly three-quarters
C.        and that amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when they were nearly three-quarters
D.        amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago
E.        amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from what it was a decade ago by nearly three-quarters
纠结：DE
amounting to修饰non-Hispanic Whites
amount to :加总的数值为……
由原文的意思，应该是“从原来的……减少”
E改变了原文意思，且it指代不明

Cassiopeia

•        GWD-9-Q27:
•        Scientists have identified an asteroid, 2000 BF19, that is about half a mile wide and, if it strikes Earth, it can do tremendous damage to part of the planet but probably not cause planetwide destruction.

A.        and, if it strikes Earth, it can do tremendous damage to part of the planet but
B.        and, if it would strike Earth, part of the planet could experience a tremendous amount of damage but it would
C.        and that, if it were to strike Earth, could do tremendous damage to part of the planet but would
D.        and that, if Earth is struck by it, can do part of the planet tremendous damage, but it would
E.        and that, if it strikes Earth, it could experience a tremendous amount of damage but
纠结：AC
If引导虚拟语气，属于想象的场景
A中it累赘
两个that平行，都是修饰asteroid的。