myice

1        60        mirare        “Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees’ health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees’ permission.”        SHEET9        9.16

myice

3        111        seraphfeng;       逃匿女王; irenezlc         “The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.”        SHEET9        9.16         9.24

myice

3        111        seraphfeng;       逃匿女王; irenezlc         “The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.”        SHEET9        9.16         9.24

myice

4                yvonney512;       paipai79; JESSIEUK； nceeterminator        Physical activity and sports is as important in a student's academic s education                9.16         9.17         9.25         9.26

myice

1        107        车轮圈圈         (经理们分配工作的最好的方式就是把复杂的工作分成简单的部分，这样每个workers都能为工作做出贡献。 )                                      The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion of the task but contributes to the whole.        SHEET5        9.17

myice

1                bendrift        Constant innovation and change within anorganization are as likely to damage the organization as they are to improveit.        SHEET5        9.17

题库107 犬27
"1，分工是个有效的方式
   Work division and assignment is an efficient way to get things done.
   First of all, workers with few highly specific skills are usually cheaper to hire than those with broader education and experience.
Secondly, it is less expensive to train employees in narrow areas.
Finally, strict compartmentalization (n.区分, 划分) of tasks makes it easier for managers to control employees, and, therefore, to control and increase productivity.

Nevertheless, that is not to say, merely dividing work among workers can assure the final accomplishment of the task.
让员工觉得孤立
   Fragmenting work into small units leads to employee alienation（孤立）.
Those responsible for only a detailed component of a project can easily lose sight of larger organizational goals and their own importance in achieving them, and then become less committed to their work, and less productive.
In addition, the lack of overall conception may lead to adjusting difficulties.
2，阻碍合作
Moreover, Compartmentalizing tasks can stifle（阻碍） cooperation.   

My view
   Team work is not to simply add one component to another, but to organically conform all components together"

myice

1                bendrift        Constant innovation and change within anorganization are as likely to damage the organization as they are to improveit.        SHEET5        9.17

题库107 犬27
"1，分工是个有效的方式
   Work division and assignment is an efficient way to get things done.
   First of all, workers with few highly specific skills are usually cheaper to hire than those with broader education and experience.
Secondly, it is less expensive to train employees in narrow areas.
Finally, strict compartmentalization (n.区分, 划分) of tasks makes it easier for managers to control employees, and, therefore, to control and increase productivity.

Nevertheless, that is not to say, merely dividing work among workers can assure the final accomplishment of the task.
让员工觉得孤立
   Fragmenting work into small units leads to employee alienation（孤立）.
Those responsible for only a detailed component of a project can easily lose sight of larger organizational goals and their own importance in achieving them, and then become less committed to their work, and less productive.
In addition, the lack of overall conception may lead to adjusting difficulties.
2，阻碍合作
Moreover, Compartmentalizing tasks can stifle（阻碍） cooperation.   

My view
   Team work is not to simply add one component to another, but to organically conform all components together"

myice

3        24        必须700加;   nancy8888;   solotomb;koudai        “A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official.        SHEET6        9.17         9.18         9.18

题库A2 犬28
"When it comes to whether continuous innovation and change with an organization are more likely to worsen the organization than to improve it, different people have different opinions due to their respective angles. Weighing the merits and demerits arising from the innovation and change, I should say that I am a proponent of the existence of constant innovation and change within an organization.
To begin with, innovation and appropriate change can make an organization, in most cases, a better one. Not only innovation defined as the introduction of new ideas and methods is playing a decisive role in operations of organizations, but also sometimes even little Change makes sense. There is a good example to describe that a shopping mall that tends to increase its sales extends its business hours to adjust customers’ changing behavior due to the switch of seasons.

In addition, it is a universal truth that change is the principle of universe. Any organization cannot avoid changing exclusively, while all the other organizations are changing. For example, nowadays most of companies establish an electronic system of finance and accounting. It is the standard that all individuals in this circumference should conform. Hence, under this condition, not the convenience of trading with other companies matters, but the fact that without such a standard system, the business cannot go on.

Admittedly, on occasion it seems that change and innovation undermine organizations’ operation. But I believe that the problem is more likely to result from other factors other than the innovation itself. For instance, some managers introduce unsuitable change and innovation, following other companies’ successful myth blindly.

In sum, to maximally harness innovation and to fully prepare for the change of circumference, it is wise to take a positive attitude to constant innovation and change within the organization. Furthermore, the implementation of introduce innovation and change is a net of variables so that we should take a careful consideration into the real reason when the organization suffers problem.
likui练笔  A2思路http://forum.Topway.com/GMAT_AWA/thread-131214-1-1.html"

myice

4                billzhangheng;    qcaa1107;  EE11;ggghost        "V1 People have duty to disobey the laws they consider unjust.
V2 如果人们不喜欢法律就能不遵守
V3 People should not disobey laws even though they consider them unjust."                9.17         9.18         9.19         9.20
犬29
提纲：
1.         每一个政府官员都很难自己做出决策。每一个政令的颁布表面上仿佛是由一个人宣布的，其实背后的程序过程都是十分繁杂的。seperation of the three powers(the legislative, executive and judicial powers) In this work he argued that the three powers a state has are the Legislative, the Executive and the Judicial and that for a state to remain democratic, these powers must be separated and there must be checks and balances to prevent a single group from acquiring control over two or more of them.
任何一个政府官员做出决定都可能受到上司甚至是同事的限制，即使是总统，其实也仅仅是他的领导班子共同商议做出结论，更何况三权分立在保护了民主的同时本身也限制了每个个人甚至是每个group的决策权利以及对国家和社区的影响。
2.         而企业领导往往会有更大的决策权，而他们的决策也更容易被贯彻。在一个经济为中心的国家相应的他们的对社区和国家的影响力也就更大。
3.         诚然在一个以政治为中心的国家里，企业领导对社区和国家产生影响的机会会较少，但经济是政治的基础，离开经济政治是毫无影响力可言的。此外由于上面所说过的原因政府官员对社区和国家的影响同样不会很大。

1.         Admittedly, 领导人的作用有时不象企业家一样apparent. 因为国家的发展，人们的生活，与企业closely related. 比如GATES，领导了信息产业革命；Rockefeller，控制国家的石油命脉took control of  American oil supply。企业家通过影响企业的行为，从而直观上影响人course of a community.
2.         但是，企业的一切影响is based on its existence, which is permitted by the government. 政府制定各种policy来允许企业的存在，企业家的一切行为需要被政府允许才能产生作用。
3.         Moreover, 影响一个国家，需要强大的power, which can be only generated from absolutely authority. 这样的绝对权力是企业不具备的。Yet even a cursory review of the history reveals substantial evidence that it is the government leader rather than the business leader that can make the pivotal decision when the nation is in crisis. 比如，在经济recession，企业的力量无法使经济好转，revive the economy of the whole nation, 只有政府运用行政措施，制定positive policy to stimulate the companies and thus the economy of the whole nation. 比如Roosevelt. Bill Clinton.  financial policy

1.         Unlike business leader, government power is likely to subject to many more restraints.  Our check-and-balance system, the legislation influence and the voting power are all factors that temper the power of government official to the course of a community or a nation. Moreover, powerful business leaders all too often seem to hold the actual legislative and judicial power by their financial supporting of official activities such as governmental elections.
2.         While take more thorough consideration, the government official is likely to have more direct and broad influence on a community and a nation.
Evidence: various approach to influence other than financial approach
In addition the governmental official have the abilities to regulate commerce,

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1        33        athenelynn        People are likely to accept as a leader only someone who has demonstrated an ability to perform the same tasks that he or she expects others to perform        SHEET3        9.17