胡子长了

30.=Despite these vague categories/，one should not claim unequivocally/ that hostility between recognizable classes/ cannot be legitimately observed.
#尽管存在这些模糊的分类/，但我们不应该声称断然地/，敌对态度在各个易于辨认出的阶层之间所存在的/就无法被合理地观察到。

31.=Yet those/ who stress the achievement/ of a general consensus /among the colonists/ cannot fully understand that consensus/ without understanding the conflicts/ that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.
#然而，那些（史学家）/ 他们强调成果/一种普遍的一致意见的/在殖民者之间曾出现的/不能充分理解/这种一致意见/而不理解各种矛盾的存在/(那些矛盾)只有在被克服或压制之后才有可能获得它(那种一致意见)。
32.It can be inferred from the passage/ that the author would be most likely to agree with/ which of the following statements/ regarding socioeconomic class/ and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes/ during the American Revolutionary War?
#可以推断出来从文章中/作者最有可能同意/以下哪一个陈述/关于社会经济各阶层/并且支持叛党和保王党的原因/在美国革命战争中?

胡子长了

27.=In order to understand the nature/ of the ecologist’s investigation/，we may think of the density-dependent effects/ on growth parameters/ as the "signal"/ ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret/，one that tends to make the population/ increase from relatively low values/ or decrease from relatively high ones/，while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise"/ in the population dynamics.
#为了能理解本质/生态学家们所进行的研究的/，我们可以考虑密度依赖效应/对于增长参数的/作为“信号”的/生态学家们试图将其分离并予以解释的/，（这一信号）倾向于使种群数量/增加从相对较低的数值/，或减少从相对较高的数值/；而与此同时，那些密度独立效应的作用产生“噪音”/在种群动态变化中的。
28.=But the play’s complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible/ is no more "contradictory"/ than Du Bois’ famous，well-considered ideal/ of ethnic self-awareness/ coexisting with human unity/，or Fanon’s emphasis on an ideal internationalism/ that also accommodates national identities and roles.
#但是这部剧的这一复杂观点/把黑人自尊和人类团结看作是和谐的/并不矛盾/比Du Bois的著名的、深思熟虑的理想/民族自觉意识的/共存和人类大同/；或Fanon的强调/对于理想的国际主义/, (这一理想)同样也能兼容民族身份与角色。
29.=Inheritors/ of some of the　viewpoints of early twentieth-century/ Progressive historians/ such as Beard and Becker/，these recent historians/ have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.
#继承者/某些观点的二十世纪早期的/, “进步派”史学家/如Beard和Becker等人/，这些近期的史学家/所提出的观点/它值得我们予以评价。

胡子长了

24.=For example，the spiral arrangement/ of　scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones/，where the female reproductive organs of conifers/ are located/，is important to the production of airflow patterns/ that spiral over the cone’s surfaces/，thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.
#例如，螺旋状排列/ scale-bract综合体的带有胚珠的松球的/，雌性生殖器官针叶植物的/所在的位置/，尤其重要对于产生气流模式的/，（这些气流模式）盘旋上升/在松球的表面/，从而传递在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞至下一个鳞苞。
25.=It was not the change in office technology/，but rather the separation of secretarial work/，previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers/，from administrative work/ that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs/，thenceforth considered "women’s work."
#这并不是因为变化在办公室技术上/，而是由于分离秘书工作/——在此之前被视作习见训练对于刚刚起步的经理们来说/，——与行政工作/这在一种十九世纪八十年代，产生了新的一类“没前途”的职业/，自此以后，便被视作是“女人的工作”。
26.=The increase/ in the numbers of married women/ employed outside the home/ in the twentieth century/ had less to do with the mechanization of housework/ and an increase in leisure time/ for these women/ than it did with their own economic necessity/ and with high marriage rates/ that shrank the available pool of single women workers/，previously/，in many cases/，the only women/ employers would hire.
#增加/人数已婚妇女的/在家庭以外就业/在二十世纪/，这并无多大联系与家务活的机械化/和增加闲暇时间这些妇女的/，更多的是相关与妇女自身的经济需要和高结婚率/（高婚姻率）使得萎缩所能雇佣的单身女工的总量/，在此之前/，许多情形中/，（单身女性）则是唯一的一类妇女/雇主们所愿雇佣的。

胡子长了

21.=While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct/，the one papyrus fragment/ raises the specter/ that another may be unearthed/，showing/，for instance/，that　it was a posthumous production/ of the　 Danaid tetralogy/ which bested Sophocles/，and throwing the date/ once　　more into utter confusion.
#尽管这个新学说看起来几乎一定正确/，可是这个莎草纸的残片/却引起了恐惧/，即另外一个残片可能会被挖掘出来/，显示出/，比如说/，它是作者死后发表的遗作/ Danaid四部曲的一部/它击败了Sophocles/，这样就置于作品的年代/又一次/在极度的混乱之中。
22.=The methods/ that a community　devises to perpetuate itself/ come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy/ that that community perceives as essential/.
#这个方法/一个社会所创造出来以使其自身永久保存下去/得以形成以保存各个方面文化遗产的/在这个社会被认为是有本质意义的。
23.=Because the potential hazards/ pollen grains are subject to/ as they are transported over long distances/ are enormous/，wind pollinated plants/ have/，in the view above/，compensated for the　　ensuing loss of pollen/ through happenstance/ by virtue of producing an amount of pollen/ that is one to three orders of magnitude greater/ than the amount/ produced by species pollinated by insects.
#由于潜在危险/花粉颗粒所要面临的/在其长距离的运输过程中/是巨大的/，由风授粉的植物/，按上述观点来看/，已经补偿了伴随产生的花粉损失/通过偶然事件而导致的/；它通过制造出花粉量/一至三个数量级多/比花粉量/产生的昆虫授粉的植物种类。

胡子长了

18.=When the core of a giant star/ whose mass surpasses 1.4 times the present mass of our Sun/ exhausts its nuclear fuel/，it is unable to support its own weight/ and collapses into a tiny neutron star.
#当内核一颗巨星的/它的质量超过1.4倍目前质量我们的太阳的/耗尽其核燃料时/，它就不能支撑自身的重量/，并收缩成为一颗小型中子星。
19.=This is so/ even though the armed forces operate/　in an ethos of institutional change/ oriented toward occupational equality/and under the federal sanction/ of equal pay for equal work.
#情况是这样的/即使武装部队运作/在一种精神下体制变革的/趋向于职业平等/并在联邦政府约束下/同工同酬的。
20.=Not only are liver transplants never rejected/，but they even induce a state/ of donor-specific unresponsiveness/ in which/ subsequent transplants of other organs/，such as skin/，from that donor/ are accepted permanently.
#不仅肝脏的移植从来没有被排斥/，而且肝脏移植甚至还诱发了一种状态/供应移植器官者特定的无反应的/，在此状态中/，后来的移植其它器官的/，如皮肤/，那个供应者的/会永久地被接受。

胡子长了

14. =Other theorists/ propose/ that the Moon was ripped out of the Earth’s rocky mantle/ by the Earth’s collision/ with another large celestial body/ after much of the Earth’s iron/ fell to its core.
#其他理论家/提出/，月球是撕裂开来形成的/地球的石质地幔/由于地球碰撞/与另一个庞大天体/在地球的大部分铁/沉入到地核以后。
15.=Thus，what in contrast to the Puritan colonies/ appears to Davis/ to be peculiarly Southern/— acquisitiveness/，a strong interest in politics and the law/，and　a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models/—was not only more typically English/ than the cultural patterns/ exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut/，but also almost certainly characteristic/ of most other early modern British colonies/ from Barbados/ north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire.
#因此，那些形成鲜明对比/与（北方）清教殖民地/显得对戴维斯来说/特别南方化——占有欲/, 浓厚兴趣对政治和法律的/, 以及倾向培养大都市文化模式的/——不但是更典型的英国式/比文化形式/展现出来的清教的马萨诸塞州和康乃涅克州/，而且几乎是固定特征/大多数其它早期近代英国殖民地的/从巴巴多斯/北至罗得岛和新罕布什尔州。
16.=A very specialized feeding adaptation/ in zooplankton/ is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian/ who lives in a walnut-sized （or smaller） balloon of mucus/ equipped with filters/ that　capture and concentrate phytoplankton.
#一种极特殊的进食适应性变化/在浮游动物体内/是蝌蚪状的尾海鞘纲动物(的那种变化)/，它生活在核桃大小（或更小）的黏液球内/，张着过滤器/，(过滤器)捕捉和集中浮游植物。
17.=These historians/，however/，have analyzed less fully the development/ of specifically feminist ideas and　activities/ during the same period.
#这些史学家/，然而，/曾分析了/不充分地/发展/那些具体的女权主义思想和活动/在同一时期中。

胡子长了

10. =More probable/ is bird transport/，either externally/，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers/，or internally/，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
#更有可能的/是鸟类传递/：不是外部地/，即由于偶然粘附/种籽在羽毛上/；就是内部地/，即由于（鸟类）吞下果实并后来排泄出来种籽。
11.=It is not known/ how rare this resemblance is/，or whether it is most often seen/ in inclusions of silicates/ such as garnet/，whose crystallography/ is generally somewhat similar/ to that of diamond；　　but when present/，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence/ that the diamonds and inclusions are truly co genetic.
#现在还不知道/多么稀少这种类似/，或者是否它常见于/内含物中硅酸盐的/象石榴石/，它的晶体结构/通常有些类似于/钻石；但是（这种类似）一旦存在/，就被视为有力的证据/钻石与内含物的确是同源的。
12.=Even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model/，such as the critique/ developed in Divided Society/，attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically/ to factors of economic and social　mobility/ and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination/ of Puerto Ricans/ as a colonial minority/.
#即使是激进批判对这一主流研究模型的/，例如这种批判提出在《分裂的社会》一书中/，联系起来少数民族同化问题过分机械地/与因素经济和社会移动性的/，因此无法阐明文化从属关系/波多黎各人的/作为一个殖民地少数民族。
13.=They are called virtual particles/ in order to distinguish them from real particles/，whose lifetimes are not constrained　in the same way/，and which can be detected/.
#它们被称为虚粒子，为了区别他们和实粒子/，（实粒子的）存活时间不会受到限制/以同样的方式/，并且（其存在）能够被测定。

胡子长了

6.=Many critics/ of Eamily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights/ see its second　part as a counterpoint/ that comments on，if it does not reverse，the first part，where a "romantic" reading/ receives more confirmation.
#很多文学评论家/研究Emily Bronte小说《呼啸山庄》的/，把小说的第二部分视为（小说第一部分）的一个对比/进行评论/，如果不是将第一部分逆的话/，在小说第一部分/，一种“浪漫主义的”的解读/得到了更多的确证。
7.=Granted/ that the presence of these elements/ need not argue an　authorial awareness/ of novelistic　construction/ comparable to that of Henry James/， their presence/ does encourage attempts/ to unify the novel’s　heterogeneous parts.
#当然这些因素的存在/并不意味着作者的意识/对小说架构的/可与Henry James的相比/；然而他们的出现的确/鼓励了这些想法/统一小说各种各样的部分。
8.=This is not because/ such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis/（although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a　danger）/，but because/ Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power/ that，ultimately，/resist inclusion in an all-encompassing　interpretation.
#不是因为/这样的一种解释必定会僵化成一个命题/（尽管僵化的解释对这部或任何小说是一种危险），而是因为/《呼啸山庄》有一些不可控制的因素/一种力量的，/它，无可辩驳地/，拒绝结论/于一个无所不包的解释中。
9.=The isotopic composition/ of lead/ often varies/ from one source of common copper ore/ to another/，with variations exceeding the measurement error/；and preliminary studies/ indicate/ virtually uniform/ is topic composition of the lead/ from a single copper-ore source.
#同位素构成/铅的/经常存在差异/在一种来源普通铜矿石的/与另一种之间/，其差异超出测量误差/；而最初的研究/表明，几乎完全一样/铅同位素构成/从单独一个铜矿石来源的。

胡子长了

3. =The molecular approach/ to detecting peptide hormones/ using cDNA probes/ should also be much faster/ than the immunological method/ because it can take years/ of tedious purifications/ to isolate peptide hormones/ and then develop antiserums to them.
#分子生物学方法/测定肽激素/用cDNA探子/应该速度更快/比免疫学方法/，因为（免疫学方法）要耗费多年/进行枯燥的提纯进程/为了分离出肽激素，然后再培养出它们的抗血清。
4. =This succession/ was based primarily on a series of deposits and events/ not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods/，rather　than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains/ found in interglacial beds themselves/ interstratified within glacial deposits/.
#这一序列/主要以一系列地质沉积物和地质事件为基础/不直接相关与冰川期和间冰期的/，而不是依据更为普遍的现代方法/研究生物残留物/发现在间冰层中/层化在冰川沉积物之间。
5. =There have been attempts/ to explain these taboos/ in terms of inappropriate social relationships/ either between those who are involved/ and those who are not simultaneously involved/ in the satisfaction of a bodily need/，or between those already satiated/ and　those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
#人们试图/解释这些禁忌/，依据不相称的社会关系/不是在那些人置身于/和那些人并没有立即置身于/满足人的身体需要中/，就是在那些人早已酒足饭饱/和那些人不知羞耻地狼吞虎咽。

胡子长了

答案
1. =The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships/ that kept presenting and rearranging themselves/ on all levels/，from abstract intelligence/ to profound dreamy feelings/, made it difficult /for Proust/ to set them out coherently.
#丰富性和复杂性/有意义的联系的/--他们不断出现并重新排列/在所有的层次上/，从抽象的理性/到深奥的梦幻的感情/--，使变得很难/Proust/将它们联贯的排列好。
2.=It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s （cDNA’s）/that can serve as molecular probes/ to seek out the messenger RNA’s （mRNA’s）/of the peptide hormones/. If brain cells are making the hormones/，the cells will contain these Mrna’S./ If the products/ the brain cells make/ resemble the hormones/ but are not identical to them/，then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s/，but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s/ for the true hormones.
#这是可能的/制造出特别的互补DNA’s（cDNA’s）/，它作为分子探子/找出信使RNA’s（mRNA’s）/肽激素的/。如果脑细胞正在制造肽激素/，细胞就会含有信使RNA’s/.如果这个产物/脑细胞所产生的/类似于肽激素/但并非与肽激素完全相同/，那么cDNA’s仍然会和这些mDNA’s连接在一起/但是并没有像和mRNA’s连接的那样紧密/对于真的激素而言。