[讨论] og 95 谢谢！ :)

叮叮当当

95.

To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make. As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.

Which of the following conclusions about country Z’s adversely affected export-dependent industries is best supported by the passage?

(A) Profit margins in those industries were not high enough to absorb the rise in costs mentioned above.

(B) Those industries had to contend with the fact that other countries banned imports from country Z.

(C) Those industries succeeded in expanding the domestic market for their products.

(D) Steps to offset rising materials costs by decreasing labor costs were taken in those industries. A

(E) Those industries started to move into export markets that they had previously judged unprofitable.

ans: A

95.

When the cost of the products rose, the competitive ability of those export-dependent industries that bought them was sharply limited. This fact strongly supports the claim that those industries did not have sufficiently high profit margins to enable them to absorb the price increase, so choice A is the best answer.

题干的推理链是：由于cost提高，以出口为生的产业的竞争力被严重限制了。

我并不认为这句话能推出A.

只能说A可以推出结论，但是结论不能严格地推出A.

因为A的意思是说cost的增长比实际的利润还高，也就是无利可图。

但是题干的意思是说竞争力被限制，可能只是利润没有原来多了，A所表现的情况太极端了！

不知道是不是我的理解错了！？

盼xdjm们指正！：）

assfgrtrtr

因为A的意思是说cost的增长比实际的利润还高，也就是无利可图。

但是题干的意思是说竞争力被限制，可能只是利润没有原来多了，A所表现的情况太极端了！

(A) Profit margins in those industries were not high enough to absorb the rise in costs mentioned above.

A: Profit margins in those industries were not high enough to absorb the rise in costs mentioned above. 关键词: absorb.

A=Profit margins不够高, 不能接受成本上升, 并没有说cost的增长比实际的利润还高.

By the way, Profit margin是百分比, cost是实数, 不能拿来比. 简单的investment的常识懂一些会有帮助.

叮叮当当

谢谢指点，看上去好像明白一些了，但还是有一些疑惑，望继续指教！谢谢，先：）

1 由于本可是学信息技术的所以确实对投资学不是很了解。google了一下，也没查清楚。

可不可以在讲讲到底什么叫 Profit margins，或者给个连接让我看看也行。

2 按大虾的解释，我是这简单翻译一下这句话：

absorb: v. 吸收，吸引，承受；

一个百分比不够高，不足以承受（吸收）成本的增长。

（这里认为并不是量对于量上的抵消）

但是总觉得有些不舒服，应该是百分比承受百分比，数量（cost）承受数量。

感觉上面那个句子把，百分比和数量平行放置，是不是形式上就是一种比较呢？

3 一般must be true题都是选项是原文提干内容的重复。

这里有牵扯到是否具备经济学知识。判断一个产业他的竞争力减弱是不是只看他的Profit margins是否能absorb the cost？也就是说Profit margins是否能absorb the cost是判断一个产业他的竞争力是否被限制的唯一标准？

我的意思是，如果A选项只是一个产业他的竞争力被限制的众多原因中的一种（还可能有其他原因），那么提干就不一定能推出A选项。

等待解疑，谢谢！

huahua115

Profit margin = gross earning / revenue

举个例子: 我们公司去年收入$1 million, 公司profit margin 20%. 说明公司利润$200,000 (20%). 80%是cost (包括raw material, human resources, equipments等等). 现在cost上升了, 80%变成90%了, profit margin变成10%. 如果这个profit margin太低了, 那公司就提高自己产品的价格来提高自己的profit margin. 那么价格高了, competitiveness就低了. 所以profit margin和competitiveness有很大关系.

你说的第三点有道理, 如果是削弱题, 你的思路是正确的. 这题问的是conclusion.

题中: evidence1) cost went up. evidence2) limiting the ability to compete. 中间短了逻辑关系.

A连上这个关系: profit margin容不下 increasing cost. 根据我上面讲的: price will increase, 造成了competitiveness 下降.

我的意思是，如果A选项只是一个产业他的竞争力被限制的众多原因中的一种（还可能有其他原因），那么提干就不一定能推出A选项。

A并没有说profit margin是唯一的原因. A只说profit margin not high enough是个sufficient condition.

叮叮当当

同样 都是must be true题，为什么在作题方法上会有不同？

11. The fewer restrictions there are on the advertising of legal services, the more lawyers there are who advertise their services, and the lawyers who advertise a specific service usually charge less for that service than lawyers who do not advertise. Therefore, if the state removes any of its current restrictions, such as the one against advertisements that do not specify fee arrangements, overall consumer legal costs will be lower than if the state retains its current restrictions.

If the statements in the passage are true, which of the following must be true?

A. Some lawyers who now advertise will charge more for specific services if they do not have to specify fee arrangements in the advertisements.

B. More consumers will use legal services if there are fewer restrictions on the advertising of legal service.

C. If the restriction against advertisements that do not specify fee arrangements is removed, more lawyers will advertise their services.

D. If more lawyers advertise lower prices for specific services, some lawyers who do not advertise will also charge less than they currently charge for those services. C

E. If the only restrictions on the advertising of legal services were those that apply to every type of advertising, most lawyers would advertise their services.

95.

To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make. As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.

Which of the following conclusions about country Z’s adversely affected export-dependent industries is best supported by the passage?

(A) Profit margins in those industries were not high enough to absorb the rise in costs mentioned above.

(B) Those industries had to contend with the fact that other countries banned imports from country Z.

(C) Those industries succeeded in expanding the domestic market for their products.

(D) Steps to offset rising materials costs by decreasing labor costs were taken in those industries. A

(E) Those industries started to move into export markets that they had previously judged unprofitable.

对于11D我是应用了他因也可导致结果的方法推出D不对。即：D可以推出原文，但原文推不出D.

但是此方法不能用于判断95A.

楼上gg说是因为11是inference,95是conclusion.不明白呀，不明白。不都是must b true题吗？

难道还会有不一样？！