《福布斯》评选出全球14个最美丽的大学校园

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近日，美国著名财经杂志《福布斯》评选出全球14个最美丽的大学校园，其中10个来自美国，3个来自欧洲，而亚洲唯一上榜的是位于中国北京的清华大学。


　　据悉，《福布斯》邀请了一批建筑师和大学校园设计师进行评选。其中一位著名建筑师表示，对于建筑规模较大的大学来说，一个“明确的组织结构图”和“重要的连贯性”，是校园保持美丽的关键，例如斯坦福大学和弗吉尼亚大学，他们虽然不断扩建，但仍设法保持其独特的美学标准。

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美国俄亥俄州凯尼恩学院（Kenyon College）

Mike Evans, a principal at Norfolk, Va., design firm Hanbury Evans Wright Vlattas Company, says to be beautiful a campus must have a "signature campus space as a carrier of the campus brand." At Kenyon College, that space is "Middle Path," a 10-foot-wide footpath that serves as the Gothic hilltop campus' central artery. More than just a trail, it's a village green for the tight-knit campus community. Sergei Lobanov-Rostovsky, who teaches 17th-century poetry at Kenyon, says the college, both isolated and pastoral, is "a small place to think big thoughts."

大学必须有标志性建筑。这座哥特式建筑即是学校的地标。最后一句话很喜欢：College is a small place to think big thoughts.

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爱尔兰三一学院（Trinity College）

Norfolk, Va., architect Mike Evans says Trinity is like Oxford, "only gentler, and on a more human scale." The most celebrated structure on the campus, which was founded by Queen Elizabeth in 1592, is the Old Library. Some have called the library's main chamber, known as the Long Room, a "cathedral of the book" because of its timbered barrel-vaulted ceiling and shelving that resembles side chapels of an old baroque church. The Long Room is also where the famous Book of Kells (an illuminated holy manuscript circa 800) is kept under lock and key. Over the years, architects say, the college has quietly pursued an enlightened policy of commissioning architecture from some of the best architects in Ireland and Britain.

三一学院继承了牛津的衣钵，但比牛津显得优雅和精致。校园内最著名的建筑-老图书馆-是伊丽莎白女王1592年建立的。

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英国牛津大学（Oxford University）

Teaching within Oxford's stone walls dates as far back as the 11th century, and the school is considered a paradigm for all college campuses. With its labyrinth of quads, cloisters, and archways, it evokes elegance and tradition at every turn. "Its monastic roots and the spectacular quality of its buildings make it an architectural wonderland," says David Mayernik, associate professor at Notre Dame's School of Architecture. The famous Radcliffe Camera, built in 1737 as a Science Building, and now a hushed reading room for students, is "the most covetable university building in the world."
牛津就不用说了，都形成一种建筑风格了，只是太老了。英国人的守旧从建筑上是可以看出的，他们对老建筑保护得太好了，简直好过头了。

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美国新泽西州普林斯顿大学（Princeton University）

This classic American campus is "straight out of central casting," says architect Natalie Shivers, who has been guiding the prestige Ivy Leaguer through an ambitious expansion plan. Princeton's style is pure Collegiate Gothic; most of it executed in gray stone covered in, yes, ivy. As imposing as these old stone structures are, the campus keeps life on a "human scale" by preserving green spaces and "walkability," says Shivers. "Everything on campus is within a 10-minute walk." Sinuous footpaths, archways, plazas--all are designed to inspire spontaneous discussion and learning.

要看普林斯顿如何美，建议大家看看关于博弈论大师纳什的电影《美丽心灵》。

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美国加州斯克利普斯学院（Scripps College）

The total plan of this women's college, founded in the 1920's, has always called for artistic connection between buildings and landscape. Together, architect Gordon Kaufmann, in collaboration with landscape architect Edward Huntsman-Trout, created a distinctively Southern Californian blend of Mission Revival-inspired architecture and landscape, which is lovely, evocative and intact. An expert in deciduous trees, Trout planted rows of liquid amber trees to give the students "a sense of autumn" come fall. He also peppered the campus with tulip trees, sycamores, almond and orange trees, as well as rare shrubs.

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美国加州斯坦福大学（Stanford University）

Architects like Aaron B. Schwartz, Principal and Director of Perkins Eastman, an international design firm, praise Stanford for staying "cohesive" despite extensive growth, and for always respecting and staying loyal to "its initial design precepts." New additions like the Science and Engineering Quad manage to gracefully blend modern and technological elements with the timeless, elegant aesthetics of the campus' early California Mission Revival architecture. Architect Mike Evans lauds the campus' "continuity of materials, color and scale" over time. The campus also scores big points for its dramatic entrance via Palm Drive, its romantic Spanish red-tile roofs and myriad patches of green.

斯坦福不仅美，而且超大，西班牙风格非常统一，棕榈树林非常壮观。

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中国北京清华大学（Tsinghua University）


Our panel of architects says natural setting plays a big part in assessing a campus' beauty. In that regard, this campus is blessed: Founded in 1925, Tsinghua sits on the former site of the Qing Dynasty's royal gardens. Many of Beijing's most notable historical sites, like the Summer Palace, are close by. The campus is peppered with artificial ponds where stone benches and floating lotus blossoms inspire reflection. The landscaping and many of the buildings are traditional Chinese, but the campus also boasts many Western-style edifices, such as the quad and auditorium: T. Chuang, the university's principal architect, was a 1914 graduate of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

中国的大学终于有机会露脸了。评审小组认为，评估一所大学校园是否漂亮，自然环境也起着重要作用。在这方面，清华大学的校园可谓得天独厚。成立于1925年的清华大学，坐落于清代皇家园林的旧址。许多北京最著名的历史遗址例如颐和园等，都在附近不远处。校园内随处可见人工湖，湖边设有石椅，湖面上荷花浮动，能够启发学生的思考。此外，虽然校园内的景色和建筑都是传统中国式，但也有许多西式建筑物，例如方院和礼堂。清华大学的主建筑师T.Chuang是美国伊利诺伊大学香槟分校1914年的毕业生。

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美国科罗拉多州美国空军学院（United States Air Force Academy）

Kevin Lippert, publisher of the Princeton Architectural Press, known for its Campus Guide series, picked this campus because it is "a masterpiece of mid-20th-century American Modernism, rather than something in the traditional Collegiate Gothic or Oxford style." He adds: "Many of the buildings are clad in aluminum, suggesting the skin of airplanes, and the Cadet's Chapel there is often called one of the most beautiful buildings in America, collegiate or otherwise." The multidenominational chapel, pictured, was designed so that different religious services can be held simultaneously without interferen
20世纪中期最现代的建筑，打破传统哥特或牛津的风格，开风气之先。这座建筑竟然是教堂？！还是美国人敢于打破常规，这也是美国能超越英国的原因。

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意大利博洛尼亚大学（University of Bologna）

Arguably the oldest university in the Western world, the University of Bologna's actual "campus" is the city of Bologna itself, says David Meyerick, who teaches at Notre Dame's School of Architecture, and is currently designing a campus in Switzerland. "What the university lacks in personal identity, it makes up for in being inextricably tied to its environment," says Meyerick. Many European universities tend to be "embedded" in their home/host cities, which can be "a great advantage when the environment is an important, beautiful city whose origins date back well before the Roman Empire."