关于with的用法（每日一个语法）

猫猫头

在我考试的时候，我觉得最难的一道（就是我最不确定的一道，就是考with的）

yiyuan05

这是我原来总结的。
1.表共同,伴随--与...(一起),带着...
2.表属性,所有--有...的,...的.表此用法时:WITH常用关系代词+HAVE代替
3.表手段,工具--以....,用...
4.表材料--用...,以...
5.表一致--与...(符合)
6.表赞成--赞成...
7.表结合--偕同...,连同...
8.表比例--配合...,随着...
9.表对象--对于...,表此用法时,多半与表感情的形容词或当形容词用的动词过去分词连用
EG.CONTENT WITH ONE'S JOB
10.表对立,敌对--跟...,对...
11.表原因,理由--为...,因...,表此用法时多半与表情绪的词连用
EG.JUMP WITH EXCITEMENT
12.表同时,经过--随着...,与..一起
13.表连结--与...,给..
14.表委托--委任
15.表样子,做法--以...,以...方法
16.附带状况--...着,表此用法时与名词+副词(短语),形容词(短语)连用,且 WITH 常可省.
EG.HE CAME IN,(WITH A) GLASS IN (HIS) HAND.

tongxun

每日一个语法[em26]

关于：with[em26]

词性：介词

作为介词，与其他结构构成短语，在句子中起状语、定语、表语或复合宾语的作用。

1）表示和、同、与
This has futher strengthened our ties with them。

2）用、以
Knowledge begins with practice

3）表示原因
The poor woman was trembling with fear
His hands were rough with work

4）带有
These apartment houses are for workers with families。
China is a country with a population of over a billion。

5）引起状语，说明方式
He went home with a heavy heart。
Everybody is working with great enthusiasm

6）和一复合结构构成短语，用做状语，说明方式
He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded。
The day was bright， with a fresh breeze blowing。
with the matter settled， he went home。

7）就。。。来说
Everything was going well with us

8）随着
with the battle of Waterloo， Napoleon‘s rule in Europe was ended。

9）尽管
with all his shortcoming， he was a conscientious worker。

10）引起短语做表语
Diana is with the children。

以下为在OG中所出现过的with的用法：

19. In addition to having more protein -than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, [em26]with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.

25. The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, [em26]with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and excited enormous interest whenever they were put on show.

104. The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian--vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, with meat as a rarity.

113. Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches. [U]seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, [em26]with arms and legs hanging.[/U]

119. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, [U]significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business [/U]of more than $100 billion a year.
(C)significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already [em26]with business costs of
In C, already with business costs of... is awkward and unclear, failing to specify that those prior effects generate the cost

114、 From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, [em26]with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.  

192. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to [U]which has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words[/U].
(D)[em26]with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it
D offers an awkward adverbial construction, which cannot be used to modify nouns.

158. [em26][U]With[/U] only 5 percent of the world's population, United States citizens consume 28 percent of its nonrenewable resources, drive more than one-third of its automobiles, and use 21 times more water per capita than Europeans do.
[em26]With in choice A confusingly suggest that United States citizens somehow possess, rather than constitute, 5 percent of the world's population.

205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, [em26]with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves."  

212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.
(E)[em26]with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve
In E，[em26]with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.   

198、Although Napoleon's army entered Russia [em26]with far more supplies than they had for any previous campaigncampaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.   

200. Certain pesticides can become ineffective if used repeatedly in the same place: one reason is suggested by the finding that there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils [em26]with a relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are free of such chemicals。

欢迎大家补充、讨论！

*********************
yiyuan05：[em26]


这是我原来总结的。
1.表共同,伴随--与...(一起),带着...
2.表属性,所有--有...的,...的.表此用法时:WITH常用关系代词+HAVE代替
3.表手段,工具--以....,用...
4.表材料--用...,以...
5.表一致--与...(符合)
6.表赞成--赞成...
7.表结合--偕同...,连同...
8.表比例--配合...,随着...
9.表对象--对于...,表此用法时,多半与表感情的形容词或当形容词用的动词过去分词连用
EG.CONTENT WITH ONE'S JOB
10.表对立,敌对--跟...,对...
11.表原因,理由--为...,因...,表此用法时多半与表情绪的词连用
EG.JUMP WITH EXCITEMENT
12.表同时,经过--随着...,与..一起
13.表连结--与...,给..
14.表委托--委任
15.表样子,做法--以...,以...方法
16.附带状况--...着,表此用法时与名词+副词(短语),形容词(短语)连用,且 WITH 常可省.
EG.HE CAME IN,(WITH A) GLASS IN (HIS) HAND.

[此贴子已经被tongxun于2002-11-27 21:00:22编辑过]

lucylu

谢 谢tongxun 的 总 结 和yiyuan05 的 补 充。[em12]

maryland

好详细的解释啊，tongxunGG和yiyuan05MM辛苦了！！[em23]

yiyuan05

As的用法
一、AS作介词
1.        as 作“以。。。身份”或“当作”解释时，后面跟有表示 身份、职业、地位、人的特征的名词作宾语
2.        作介宾的as常用来作补语
※注意：在GMAT中，“as being sth./as being adj.”这两种的表达都是错误的，应省去being。
二、AS作连词
1.        表示时间
意为“随着….”，表示两个同时在演变的情况。
2.        表示原因
3.        表示让步
语气比although,though强一些，注意句中的语序变化。
4.        表示动作的方式，强调某一动作与另一动作的相似性。（GMAT考核的重心）
※考到的AS表方式的句型：
(1)        a do (does) sth.., just as b do(does);
(2)        just as c do(did,does)sth., so b do(did, does);
(3)        just as c do, so too+倒装句子/正常语序的句子。可译为“正如…，同样地…”
三、AS作为关系代词
1.        跟在“the same +名词”结构之后，相当于一个定语从句的引导词（相当于关系代词或关系副词，who, that, when, whom, where）as的先行词为the same所修饰的名词。这时as可以用that替换。
2.        相当于上一种用法的省略结构，仅使用于系表结构，即：
（1）.sth./sb+系动词+the same +介词+ sth./sb. +as+介词+sth./sb（前后介词一样）：某物对于某人和某对于另一个人是一样的。
（2）sth.+系动词+the same as +sth.，表示某物和某物是一样的。
3.        AS 指代前面的整个句子，而不是某一个词或词语。AS所指代的句子可在AS从句中充当主语、宾语和表语。
四、AS构成的固定词语
1.        such as表示举例，而不用like。后面跟名词、动名词，但不可跟句子
2.        as…go就….一般情况来说；与一般的情况来比较而言
3.        so..as to
4.        even as=just as
5.        as long as=if
6.        inasmuch as=because
7.        not so much…as 与其说…不如说

※AS WELL AS的巧用：
1.        eg. He speaks French as well as English.
=He can speak English and French as well.
在此句子中的as well as 相当于副词and…as well，常译为“也”。
2.        eg. Work in moderation is healthy as well as agreeable to the human constitution.
=Work in moderation is both healthy and agreeable to the human constitution.
在此句子中的as well as 相当于连词both…and，通常译为“既…又”
3.        eg. He has experience as well as knowledge.
=He has not only knowledge but also experience.
在此句子中的as well as 相当于连词not only …but also，译为“不仅…而且”
4.        eg. As well as walking, he likes fishing and shooting.
          =In addition to walking, he likes fishing and shooting.
在此句子中的as well as 相当于介词besides或介词短语 in addition to，译为“除了…之外，还…”




[em19][em19][em19][em19]

[此贴子已经被yiyuan05于2002-11-28 11:10:43编辑过]

lucylu

Modifier Placement

Basic Principle: Modifiers are like teenagers: they fall in love with whatever they're next to. Make sure they're next to something they ought to modify!

[em26]Variety in Modifier Placement[em26]
Using Initial Modifiers:
Dependent Clause: Although she wasn't tired, Maria went to sleep.
Infinitive Phrase: To please her mother, Maria went to sleep.
Adverb: Quickly and quietly, Maria went to sleep.
Participial Phrase: Hoping to feel better, Maria went to sleep.

Using Mid-Sentence Modifiers:
Appositive: Maria, an obedient child, went to sleep.
Participial Phrase: Maria, hoping to catch up on her rest, went to sleep.

Using Terminal Modifiers:
Present Participial Phrase: Maria went to sleep, hoping to please her mother.
Past Participial Phrase/Adjectival Phrase: Maria went to sleep, lulled by music.
Maria went to sleep, awakening to scary dreams, relieved when it was morning.

Combining Modifiers:
Quickly and quietly, Maria, a young girl, went to sleep hoping to please her mom.

[em26]MISPLACED MODIFIER[em26]
Some modifiers, especially simple modifiers — only, just, nearly, barely — have a bad habit of slipping into the wrong place in a sentence. (In the sentence below, what does it mean to "barely kick" something?)

Confusion
He barely kicked that ball twenty yards.  
Repair Work
He kicked that ball barely twenty yards.  

The issue of the proper placement of "only" has long been argued among grammarians. Many careful writers will insist that "only" be placed immediately before the word or phrase it modifies. Thus "I only gave him three dollars" would be rewritten as "I gave him only three dollars." Some grammarians, however, have argued that such precision is not really necessary, that there is no danger of misreading "I only gave him three dollars" and that "only" can safely and naturally be placed between the subject and the verb. The argument has been going on for two hundred years.


[em26]DANGLING MODIFIER[em26]
When we begin a sentence with a modifying word, phrase, or clause, we must make sure the next thing that comes along can, in fact, be modified by that modifier. When a modifier improperly modifies something, it is called a "dangling modifier." This often happens with beginning participial phrases, making "dangling participles" an all too common phenomenon. In the sentence below, we can't have a car changing its own oil.

Confusion
Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, the car seemed to run better.  
Repair Work
Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, Fred found he could get much better gas mileage.  

A participial phrase followed by an Expletive Construction will often be a dangling participle — but the expletive construction is probably not a good idea anyway. This faulty sentence can be remedied by changing the participial phrase into a full-fledged clause with a subject and verb.

Confusion
Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, there is an easy way to keep your car running smoothly.  
Repair Work
If we change the oil every 3,000 miles, we can keep our car running smoothly.  

A participial phrase followed by a Passive Verb is also apt to be a dangler because the real actor of the sentence will be disguised.

Confusion
Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, the car was kept in excellent condition.  
Repair Work
Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, we kept the car in excellent condition.  

An infinitive phrase can also "dangle." The infinitive phrase below should probably modify the person(s) who set up the exercise program.

Confusion
To keep the young recruits interested in getting in shape, an exercise program was set up for the summer months.  
Repair Work
To keep the young recruits interested in getting in shape, the coaching staff set up an exercise program for the summer months.  

[em26]SQUINTING MODIFIER[em26]
A third problem in modifier placement is described as a "squinting modifier." This is an unfortunate result of an adverb's ability to pop up almost anywhere in a sentence; structurally, the adverb may function fine, but its meaning can be obscure or ambiguous. For instance, in the sentence below, do the students seek advice frequently or can they frequently improve their grades by seeking advice? You can't tell from that sentence because the adverb often is "squinting" (you can't tell which way it's looking). Let's try placing the adverb elsewhere.

Confusion
Students who seek their instructors' advice often can improve their grades.  
Repair Work
Student who often seek their instructors' advice can improve their grades.  
Repair Work
Students who seek their instructors' advice can often improve their grades.  

[此贴子已经被lucylu于2002-11-29 1:38:15编辑过]

Darren

这东西不错，哪里找到的呀？？？lucylu

lucylu

[em12]网站GUIDE TO GRAMMAR AND WRITING,

有关Grammar和Writing的好网站

Darren

是这个网站吗？我在google上查的：

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/