myice

AA

 

 

6. The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life.

“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region’s manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”

一份面向地方生活的杂志上的一篇文章：
企业在寻找新的商机或位置时应该去Helios城。甚至在最近的衰退中，Helios的失业率也比地区平均水平低，它是地区的工业中心，历史上它提供的比它在地区制造业工作中分享的份额中更多。而且，Helios正试图通过吸引研究和发展革新技术的公司来扩张它的经济基础。

1.       作者认为应该到该地区建厂理由是这里的失业率很高。但是却没有给出因果关系。从常理来看这是没有道理的因为失业率高的地方可能更难雇佣到雇员从而使成本增加。

2.       作者认为该地区会鼓励研发，所以应该到该地区投资。但事实上就象作者说的那样该地区是制造业中心怎么可能有很多对技术和科研很熟练的人员。

 

1，       因为H地区industrial and manufacturing比较attractive，所以那里的工人很可能只适合做这类的，如果缺乏能够做innovative technologies and research的工人labor pool，那么很可能导致失败。

2，       H的低失业率更可能成为坏处。因为比如有less available work force。企业必须提高wage才能吸引他们。提高了COST。

3，       错误的假设过去的成功能够代表未来。比方说已经饱和的资源、过分的竞争、以及可能出现的错误政策，都可能导致H地区的经济不再发达。

 

没找到原题，是一个叫Bostcom Corporation的公司经理号召把现在的mining technology换成renewable energy technology的题目。

 

提高科技能提高效率，这在主要用电脑工作的人们身上已经得到证明，而高效率可以带来更多的利润，所以我们公司应该发展先进的科技，以致让公司利益最大化

myice

AA

 

 

Argu:JJ-63变体T：，咖啡屋迁了新址后，利润下降(这一点与原JJ不同，原JJ是保持不变)，而卖五金件的则在原来的地址上好象很成功，因为它要开一家更大的(原JJ中也没有提到)店。

63. The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.

“The Cumquat Café made a mistake in moving to a new location. After one year at the new spot, it is doing about the same volume of business as before, but the owners of the RoboWrench plumbing supply wholesale outlet that took over its old location are apparently doing better: RoboWrench is planning to open a store in a neighboring city.”

Discuss how well reasoned... etc.

地方报纸的商业版：
Cumquat咖啡店搬到新地址是个错误。到新址的一年以后，它的营业额和以前基本一样。但在它的原址开业的提供铅管批发出口的Robo Wrench的店主显然做的更好。Robo Wrench正计划在临近城市开一家店。

1.       False analogy

2.       Other factors other than location that may contribute to the faliure of the Cumquat Cafe should be considered and ruled out.

3.       Likewise, there may be some other factors that will explain the success of the success of the RoboWrench plumbing.

4.       One year's poor performance is too wake an evidence to conclude that the Cafe has made a mistake to relocate.

myice

  AA

64. The following appeared in a memorandum from the Director of Human Resources to the executive officers of Company X.

“Last year, we surveyed our employees on improvements needed at Company X by having them rank, in order of importance, the issues presented in a list of possible improvements. Improved communications between employees and management was consistently ranked as the issue of highest importance by the employees who responded to the survey. As you know, we have since instituted regular communications sessions conducted by high-level management, which the employees can attend on a voluntary basis. Therefore, it is likely that most employees at Company X now feel that the improvement most needed at the company has been made.”

人力资源经理给X公司的经营主管的备忘录：
去年，我们向员工调查他们认为X公司应该进行的改进，让他们把改进按重要性排列。结果列印为一张可能的改进的表格。根据调查中员工的反应，“加强员工和管理层的沟通”最具重要性，稳居调查表之首。如你所知，那以后我们建立了由高层管理人员组织，雇员可以自愿参加的常规交流会。因此，看来X的多数员工认为最应该进行的改进已经完成了。

 (下文思路单一，两段都是谈调查方法的问题，还可以谈后半部分，“采取了措施就一定能达到目的吗？”)

1.       The result of a last year's survey does not necessarily represent the improvement most needed of this year.

2.       How was the survey held has not been illustrated by the author, thus making the conclusion groundless.

3.       Whether the implement of the mentioned resolution is right or wrong is still unkonwn, it is still too early to say the improvement has been made.

 

1， 调查的可信性：是否anonymous，如果要named，很可能并不是他们最想要的改进。

2， 改进方法是否充分？是否交流会有很好交流，并且采纳accept意见

myice

 

AA:某个大城市的居民都应当投资房地产，因为在过去5年里，某一地区房价上升而股票市场同期缺在下跌。未来5年房价仍然会涨，而且投资房子可以再居住过程中享受房子升值的好处，而买股票就不行，因此该市所有的居民都应当投资房地产。（大概是这样）

AA： scientists presented a research result that employees tend to be more motivated in the not-for-profite organisation or the companies involved in charitable donoation. The speakers asserts that the companies that the company's productivity and motivation of the employees will be largely increased if  the companies undertake charitable works.

 

AA:说有一间卖衣服的店和一家卖家室装修的店比业绩,因为卖衣服的利润在过去的几个月中有下降,而卖家室装修的利润却一直高涨,所以他们决定在明年要扩大家室装修的店面,而缩小卖衣服的店面.

AA:说是一个广告设计公司近三年的利润增长在不能持续，而汽车产业的利润很好因为他们用的都是临时的，便宜的工人。所以广告公司应该将25%的工人换成临时便宜的工人。

myice

AI

 

 

15. “Nations should cooperate to develop regulations that limit children’s access to adult material on the Internet.” *

*The Internet is a worldwide computer network.

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

“国家间应该合作发展规范以限制儿童接触英特网上的成人内容。”

The issue here is whether an international effort to regulate children's access to adult material on the Internet is worthwhile. In my view, nations should attempt to regulate such access by cooperative regulatory effort. I base this view on the universality and importance of the interest in protecting children from harm, and on the inherently global nature of the problem.

  Adults everywhere have a serious interest in limiting children's access to pornographic material. Pornographic material tends to confuse children----distorting their notion of sex, of themselves as sexual beings, and of how people ought to treat one another. Particularly in the case of domination and child pornography, the messages children receive from pornographic material cannot contribute in a healthy way to their emerging sexuality. Given this important interest that knows no cultural bounds, we should regulate children's access to sexually explicit material on the internet.

  国际合作在这中间十分必要.因为这种犯罪的遏止如同当年控制臭氧空洞(ozone depletion)的元凶PRIME CRIMINAL(CFC)时候一样单独靠一个国家的力量这种污染是无法遏止的.

  诚然,会遇到很大的政治制约(POLITICAL HURDLE)

regulate access material worthwhile cooperative regulatory

universality普遍性广泛性I base this view on the universality and importance of the interest in protecting children from harm, and on the inherently global nature of this problem.

pornographic色情的 sexual性的性别的 emerging浮现出来的 sexuality 性特征bound contained within national border be akin to emission release phenomenon regulation contamination污染物 contaminate admittedly formidable hurdle compliance 服从顺从consequence结果 cooperate

 

 

5.Public figures should avoid expressing opinions about things that they have not personally experienced or been directly affected by.

 

23.Schools should be responsible only for teaching academic skills and not for teaching ethical and social values

myice

AI

 

 

111. “The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.”

“最有效率的企业领导是保持最高道德标准的人。”

1，         支持者会认为, 高道德会赢得reputation and trust; 第一, 高道德生产高质量的产品以及service,顾客稳定stable share of the market; 第二, 高道德会让员工满意度提高(公平，平等). 从而attract those applicants with high ability and keep the employees loyal to the company---最终导致高的productivity.

例子：Bayer, one of the largest pharmaceutic companies in the world, announced that the company would cease production of one of its major products, because of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss on profitability, but gains strong public support and understanding, which can contribute to the long-term success of the company.

2，         但在更多的情况下, 高道德也许不equal to maximal profit. 比如,a, 如果把道德放在第一位的话,企业的executive很可能无法执行裁员活动complete the normal administration, such as raising the price, reducing the superabundant staff…  b, 高道德的话，很可能采用最高标准的环保生产——这样很不是cost-effective.   总之，Following such undue concern about ethics, the company may find it impossible to survive in the radical competitive market, let alone to gain large profit.

 

myice

AA

 

 

108. The following appeared as part of a business plan created by the management of the Take Heart Fitness Center.

“After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by members. Therefore, in order to increase the number of our members and thus our revenues, which depend on membership fees, we should continue to add new recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in the health and recreation market.”

Take Heart健身中心的管理者起草的商业计划：
去年夏天开了新的游泳池以后，TH发现会员对中心的使用率增加了12％。因此，为了增加我们的会员数量和决定于会员费的收入，我们应该在以后几年中继续增加新的娱乐设施：比如，一个多功能游戏室，一个网球场，一个迷你高尔夫球场。作为本地唯一一家提供各种活动的健身中心，我们将在健身和娱乐市场建立竞争优势。

1.    忽略他因。

2.    错误类比。

3.    收入和支出

 

1.       causal oversimplification

2.       a benefit-cost analysis should be given

3.       Whether the proposed recreational facilities are popular among the people of this area is unknown.

myice

AA

 

 

110. “All personnel evaluations at a company should be multi-directional — that is, people at every level of the organization should review not only those working ‘under’ them but also those working ‘over’ them.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

“一个公司里所有的个人评价都应该是多方面的，即组织内各个层面的人员不但应该评价他们的下属也应该评价他们的上司。”

 

1，              只有上对下容易产生腐败和上层的官僚主义 bureaucratism

2，              过程会耗时和繁杂

3，               设计一种好的高效的评价体系

 

myice

AA

 

 

72. The following appeared as part of a recommendation from the business manager of a department store.

“Local clothing stores reported that their profits decreased, on average, for the three-month period between August 1 and October 31. Stores that sell products for the home reported that, on average, their profits increased during this same period. Clearly, consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing. To take advantage of this trend, we should reduce the size of our clothing departments and enlarge our home furnishings and household products departments.”

专卖店的商务经理的备忘录：
本地服装店报告说从8月1号到10月31号的3个月里他们的平均利润下降。销售家庭用品的商店却报告同期的平均利润上升。很明显，顾客正选择为他们的家里购买用品而不是买衣物。为了利用这个趋势，我们应该缩减我们的服装部规模而扩大家庭装饰和家务用品部

 

myice

AI

 

 

9. Despite the violence and stereotypes present in many popular forms of entertainment created for children (such as books, movies, and video games), we should still allow children to experience this kind of entertainment.

 

AI： 为了保护国家安全，政府应该被赋予这个权利： keep secrete information that they wish any 。

Issue是说政府不应该去规划公司的政策，应当让公司自己去规划，这样社会才会收益。