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请教两道OG逻辑

81. A recent report determined that although only 3 percent of drivers on Maryland highways equipped their vehicles

with radar detectors, 33 percent of all vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were equipped with them.

Clearly, drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly

than are drivers who do not.

The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following assumptions?

(A) Drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are less likely to be ticketed for exceeding the speed

limit than are drivers who do not.

(B) Drivers who are ticketed for exceeding the speed limit are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly

than are drivers who are not ticketed.

(C) The number of vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit was greater than the number of

vehicles that were equipped with radar detectors.

(D) Many of the vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were ticketed more than once in the

time period covered by the report.

(E) Drivers on Maryland highways exceeded the speed limit more often than did drivers on other state

highways not covered in the report.

Argument Construction

Situation Although only 3 percent of drivers on Maryland's highways have radar detectors in

their vehicles, 33 percent of vehicles recently ticketed for driving over the speed limit on

Maryland highways have had radar detectors. Drivers who have radar detectors are thus

more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than drivers who do not.

Reasoning What assumption must be true for the conclusion to be drawn?The argument moves from a particular sample, that is, the percentage of vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit that were equipped with radar detectors, to a generalization about the regular driving behaviors of all drivers who have radar detectors in their vehicles. Between the example and the generalization must stand an assumption. What can the assumption be? Only if the drivers ticketed in this instance are assumed to make a regular habit of exceeding the speed limit can the conclusion be drawn that drivers with radar detectors are more likely to do so regularly than drivers who are not ticketed.

A While this statement about being ticketed may be true, the conclusion pertains to the recurrent

exceeding of the speed limit, so this statement is not relevant.

B Correct. This statement properly identifies the conclusions necessary assumption about ticketed drivers'

being more likely to drive in excess of the speed limit than non ticketed drivers.

C From the original passage it is already known that 67 percent of all ticketed vehicles did not have radar

detectors. This statement is about the number of vehicles ticketed, not about the regular habits of drivers, so

it is not assumed for the conclusion.

D While this additional information could help support the conclusion, it is not a necessary assumption in

the conclusion because it is about the particular example of the drivers in Maryland, not about drivers'

habits in general.

E Learning that Maryland drivers are not representative of other drivers undermines the conclusion about

all drivers, so it is clearly not assumed.

The correct answer is B.

 

 

感觉在这题里,自己本来想的假设该是装了雷达超速的人占所有装了雷达的人数的大部分,题目的解释是在是不明白,请NN指教。

 

 

 

 

68. When hypnotized subjects are told that they are deaf and are then asked whether they can hear the hypnotist,

they reply, "No. " Some theorists try to explain this result by arguing that the selves of hypnotized subjects are

dissociated into separate parts, and that the part that is deaf is dissociated from the part that replies.

Which of the following challenges indicates the most serious weakness in the attempted explanation described above?

(A) Why does the part that replies not answer, "Yes"?

(B) Why are the observed facts in need of any special explanation?

(C) Why do the subjects appear to accept the hypnotist's suggestion that they are deaf?

(D) Why do hypnotized subjects all respond the same way in the situation described?

(E) Why are the separate parts of the self the same for all subjects?

Argument Evaluation

Situation People under hypnosis are told they are deaf. When asked by the hypnotist whether they can

hear, they hear the question and respond, "No. " A theory explains this puzzling result by stating that the hypnotized subjects dissociate the part of themselves that is deaf from the part that replies to the question.

Reasoning Which question points to a weakness in the theory? According to the theory, hypnotized people dissociate themselves into separate parts: the hearing part and the deaf part. Then, they must be using the hearing part of themselves when they respond to the hypnotist's question; obviously, if they were using the deaf part of themselves at that point, they would not hear or thus respond at all. So, if they are using the hearing part of themselves, as the theorists maintain, why would they respond, "No, " to the question, "Can you hear me?" The hearing part would more logically answer, "Yes. "

A Correct. This statement properly identifies a challenge that demonstrates the weakness in the theory.

B This question does not address the weakness in the explanation; instead it asks why there needs to be an

explanation at all.

C The fact that the subjects accept the hypnotic suggestion that they are deaf is assumed as part of the

argument.

D The theorists do not attempt to explain why all subjects behave similarly, so this question is irrelevant to

pinpointing the weakness of the theorists' explanation.

E The theorists' explanation does not address why the parts of the self are the same for all subjects, so this

question does not get to the center—and the weakness—of their argument.

The correct answer is A.

 

 

NN给一个考虑方法,按照题目的解释,实在是看不懂。

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第一题:

文章有意的把两类人进行混淆

1类是,有雷达和没雷达的分类

2类是,有超速和没超速的分类

关系是:超速人中有1/3是有雷达的人

但是文章说,有雷达的都喜欢多次超速

那么必须是超速的人都喜欢多次超速,因为在这个超速的集合中,有近1/3都是装备有雷达的,如果整个集合都是喜欢超速的,那么这1/3装有雷达的人也必然是喜欢多次超速的(即文章的结论)

有点像加强题。

验证:对B取非,如果超速的人都没有多次超速的习惯,都是初犯,那么结论喜欢多次超速就不成立了。因为那1/3超速的人都不是多次超速,那么没有什么理由去说装雷达的人喜欢多次超速。

第2题:

催眠后,说“你听不见我”,然后问,“你听到我说的了吗?,答:"no"

解释:人在催眠的状态下被分成了独立的部分,其中聋的部分和回答的部分是没什么关联的。

但是人为什么能回答,显然他是听见了问题,如果他真使用了聋的部分,那么他应该是什么反应也没有才对。因为他根本听不到,而且聋的部分和回答的部分是关联的。

但是那人他回答了,一个单词“NO”很显然,他听到了问题,那么他使用的就不是聋的部分,应该是听的见的部分,那么既然听见了问题,为什么不回答“yes”呢?(答案A)

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谢谢斑竹

解释得好清晰啊

必定是N人啊

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请问斑竹, 81题A答案的OG解释怎么意思?3%-〉33% 应该是 Drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more 而不是 less likely to be ticketed for exceeding the speed limit than are drivers who do not.

可OG解释说may be true,能解释一下么,谢谢!

A While this statement about being ticketed may be true, the conclusion pertains to the recurrent exceeding of the speed limit, so this statement is not relevant.

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up  up !!!!!!

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