GMAT逻辑复习资料-逻辑大全分类-Justify

大豆

对于这类题：下列哪个选项使原文结论合理推出。检验的公式为：选项+原文前提——〉一定能推出原文的结论
大全-19-15.        Over the last century, paleontologists have used small differences between fossil specimens to classify triceratops into sixteen species. 结论:This classification is unjustified, however, since the specimens used to distinguish eleven of the species come from animals that lived in the same area at the same time.
Which of the following, if true, would enable the conclusion of the argument to be properly drawn?
(A) Not every species that lived in a given area is preserved as a fossil.
(B) At least one individual of every true species of triceratops has been discovered as a fossil specimen.
(C) No geographical area ever supports more than three similar species at the same time.
如果C是对的，则原文用同一地区的11个样本去分类就不对。即结论。
(D) In many species, individuals display quite marked variation.(C)
(E) Differences between fossil specimens of triceratops that came from the same area are no less distinctive than differences between specimens that came from different areas.

大豆

大全-13-15.        In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred bone fragments dating back 1 million years. Analysis of the fragments, which came from a variety of animals, showed that they had been heated to temperatures no higher than those produced in experimental campfires made from branches of white stinkwood, the most common tree around Swartkans.
考古学家发现烧过的骨头碎片，这些碎片可以追溯到一百万年前。对这些来自不同动物的骨头碎片的分析表明它们被加热到的温度不比取火实验中white stinkwood树枝的温度高。问结合哪一个信息可以说明这些烧过的骨头碎片是早期hominids人使用火的证据。
注意要得出的结论是火+人，而原文是骨头碎片+火，没有关于人的信息，只有E是碎片+人，桥梁。
Which of the following, if true, would, together with the information above, provide the best basis for the claim that the charred bone fragments are evidence of the use of fire by early hominids?
(A) The white stinkwood tree is used for building material by the present-day inhabitants of Swartkans.无关
(B) Forest fires can heat wood to a range of temperatures that occur in campfires.
森林大火可以达到实验中的温度，说明是自然火不是人使用的火，削弱
(C) The bone fragments were fitted together by the archaeologists to form the complete skeletons of several animals.无关
(D) Apart from the Swartkans discovery, there is reliable evidence that early hominids used fire as many as 500 thousand years ago.500年比一百万年要早，无关
(E) The bone fragments were found in several distinct layers of limestone that contained primitive cutting tools known to have been used by early hominids.

大豆

大全-10-15.        In Argonia the average rate drivers pay for car accident insurance is regulated to allow insurance companies to make a reasonable profit. Under the regulations, the rate any individual driver pays never depends on the actual distance driven by that driver each year. Therefore, Argonians who drive less than average partially subsidize the insurance of those who drive more than average.（没有读得很明白，虽然用排除法选对了答案）
The conclusion above would be properly drawn if it were also true that in Argonia
A城的保费不是取决于车主每年的实际里程，而是个平均值。因些，A城开车少于平均公里数的人实际上在帮助那些多于平均数的人付保费。
保费和mileage无关, 既然说开车少(below average mileage)的保险费subsidize开车多的, 说明实际成本开车少的要低于开车多的. 举例, 如果说咱俩去吃buffet, 我们付一样多的钱, 结论是我赚的弥补了你亏的,为什么?应该是我吃的比你多.
(A) the average accident insurance rate for all drivers rises whenever a substantial number of new drivers buy insurance
(B) the average cost to insurance companies of insuring drivers who drive less than the annual average is less than the average cost of insuring drivers who drive more than the annual average关键是cost的理解，所谓insurance company的cost实际上就是保险公司赔给投保人的钱，就是你出了事故了，保险公司赔给你的钱。
(C) the lower the age of a driver, the higher the insurance rate paid by that driver
(D) insurance company profits would rise substantially if drivers were classified in terms of the actual number of miles they drive each year
(E) drivers who have caused insurance companies to pay costly claims generally pay insurance rates that are equal to or lower than those paid by other drivers