ISSUE:
Recently there is a debate over whether …..Some people assert
that.., while other people believe that…As a matter of fact, the
issue of whether ….. is a complex and controversial one. Different
people hold different views due to their distinct backgrounds.
Therefore, there is not a universal answer to this question, and
whether one choice takes precedence over the other may quite depend
on the specific situation. The decision, nevertheless, is not an
easy one to make. Actually, the final judgment should rely on a
case-by-case analysis. As far as I am concerned, however, I agree
that …. , and do not agree that….. My view can be greatly
substantiated by the following discussions.
The first argument that can be presented to develop my position is
that… A good example may be found in the case that… Under this
circumstance, it is obvious that….
In addition, there is another reason for me to choose this
statement. The reason is not far to seek…. To illustrate, let us
consider that … Hence, another equally important aspect is that….
Admittedly, it may be true that …. in some conditions. However, this
alone does not constitute a sufficient support to claim that
….,Actually, these cases are rare and therefore are too specific and
too weak to strengthen the view that…When the advantages and
disadvantages of x and y are carefully examined, the most striking
conclusion is obvious that…
To sum up, due to the above mentioned reasons, which sometimes
correlate with each other to generate an integrate whole and thus
become more convincing than any single one of them, we may be
comfortable to say that …., because….
ARGUMENT
In this argument, the author concludes that… To support his
conclusion, the author points out that…. In addition, the author
reasons that… Further more, he also assumes that … . At first
glance, the author’s argument appears to be somehow appealing, while
a close examination will reveal how groundless it is. We do not have
to look very far to see the invalidity of this argument. This
argument is problematic for the following reasons.
In the first place, this argument rests on a gratuitous assumption
that …. The author unfairly assumes that…. However, the assumption
is questionable because the author provides no evidence to support
this argument. The arguer fails to take into account other facts
that might contribute to the result that …….. It is likely that ,
……………..; it is also likely that ………………………… Any of these
scenarios,
if true, would show that ………………….. (72)
Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such
possibility.
In the second place, the argument commits a logic fallacy of “after
this and therefore because of this”. In no case can the mere fact
that… be cited as evidence to support the assumption that there is a
causal-effect relationship between A and B. Moreover, that just
because B can be statistically correlated with A does not
necessarily mean that A is the cause of B. In fact, the author has
obviously neglected the possibility of other alternative facts such
as…, or … may contribute to a certain extent to B. It may be only a
coincidence that …… . Unless the author can rule out other factors
relevant to …, this assumption in question can not be accepted.
In the third place, the evidence that the author provides is
insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is
rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion. Unless the
arguer can show that A1 is representative of all A, the conclusion
that B… is completely unwarranted. In fact, in face of such limited
evidence, it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all.
In the fourth place, the argument has also committed a false analogy
fallacy. The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to
B in all respects, and the author assumes without justification that
all things are equal, and that the background conditions have
remained the same at different times or at different locations.
There is, however, no guarantee that this is the case. Nor does the
author cite any evidence to support this assumption. Lacking this
assumption, the conclusion that … is entirely unfounded. In fact, it
is highly doubtful that the facts drawn from B are applicable to A.
Differences between A and B clearly out weight the similarities,
thus making the analogy highly less than valid. For example, A...,
however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to
do....
In addition, the conclusion unjustifiably relies on the poll while
the validity of the survey itself is doubtful. The poll cited by the
author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate
who, when, how and by whom the survey is conducted, neither does it
mention what is the sample size, or how the samples are selected.
Until these questions are answered the results are worthless as
evidence to support that….
Besides, the author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive
alternatives. However, the author has never offered any reasons or
evidences for imposing an either/or choice. Common sense and
observation tells us that adjoining both A and B might produce
better results.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence
cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the
author claims. To make the argument more convincing concerning…. ,
the arguer would have to provide more information that………………. The
arguer should also demonstrate that……………….to make this argument
logically acceptable. (51)
Since the author commits the above mentioned logical mistakes and
fails to consider the whole situation comprehensively, his ideas
should not be adopted. The conclusion would be strengthened if he….
In conclusion, the arguer fails to substantiate his claim that ….
Because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong
support to what the arguer claims. To strengthen the argument, the
arguer must convince us that…. In addition, the arguer could have to
provide more precise information to support his claim.
It is entirely possible that management has become lax regarding any
number of factors that can affect the bottom line such as inferior
products, careless product pricing, inefficient production, poor
employee expense monitoring, ineffective advertising, sloppy buying
policies and other wasteful spending.
还要补充的是，
第一：模板的重要性是不言而喻的。要想在考试的半个小时内写出500
字以上的作文, 没有一套成竹在胸的模板，几乎没有可能性。我估计写了
550-600字的样子。
第二：要活用模板。不要一字不便的照般每人的模板，其原因已有前人
郑重指出。最好结合自己的习惯和自己总结的范文，创作一份自己的东
西。
第三：一般而言，考试前一个星期定下模板套路即可。然后在考前的每
一天一定要写issue, argument各一篇。一定在规定的30分钟内写完，培
养自己在有限的时间内写作文的感觉。
第四：考试前两天摸考一次。紧张起来，就当是正式考试一样，这样才
能在考试时自然流露。不能指望能在考试时超水平发挥，尤其是作文。
没有大赛前的模拟，考试时绝对乱阵脚，脑子里一片空白。
第五：模拟时养成良好习惯。我一般说来花1分钟读题，2-3分钟快速用
铅笔在草稿纸上列一下要写的3个要点。然后最后花3分钟左右的时间
Review。顺便说一下，列要点极其Review非常重要，不要省略。
第六：模拟时每模拟一次，总结一次。一是总结碰到类似的题目如何展
开，二是继续熟悉模板，背熟模板。最后要做到一列出要点，Details 就
在脑子里自然再现，先说哪句话，再说哪句话，是怎样的逻辑关系。
第七：由于准备充分在加上运气好，（第一篇作文是Apogee，我模拟过
的题目）我居然提前10分钟写完，于是就用剩余的时间润色、补充。我
在考前，从ROBERT之家打印出AWA总结，上面用颜色标出了不同月
份的考题。我就从最近的题目开始练习。APOGEE就是这样来的。
第八：每一篇文章我都是按照开头、第一论点、第二论点、第三论点、
结论，这样来的。第三论点一般都是就第二论点的让步。
好了，落落唆唆写了这么多。最好还要借此机会感谢DERBY132，谢谢
你在考试其间陪着我买菜、做饭、吃饭。真的谢谢你，没有你，我不敢
想象我能考成什么样。你跟我说的“不要紧张，该干嘛干嘛”到复习后
期一直支撑着我，所以才能保持一颗平常心去考试。还要感谢你林考前
的祝福及考试当天早上的morning call。谢谢!ffice ffice" /> |
