[推荐]ISSUE 整理 by Nicky

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1. It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifice necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world’s energy resources for future generations.

 

Thesis sentence:

To conserve the energy resources is a worldwide project; however, individual nations have been taken the responsibilities of energy conservation initiatively without international leadership.

 

Admittedly

1，  自私是人的天性。

Selfish is a human character.

No country would like to sacrifice itself to conserve energy while no other countries to do the same. If there is no such an organization, it is idealistic to expect individual nations to sacrifice its own interests to conserve energy.

 

2，  全球合作确实起到重要作用。

International leadership and worldwide cooperation do play important roles in the protection of energy resources.

OPEC is one of the best examples. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is an international organization of eleven developing countries that are heavily reliant on oil revenues as their main source of income. Since oil revenues are so vital（关键的） for the economic development of these nations, they aim to bring stability and harmony（融洽） to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. The stabilized out-put has helped to cease the problem of over-refining（提纯） and over-utilization（使用） of oil energy for a long time.

 

Nevertheless，that is not to say, it is impossible for individual nations to conserve energy independently.

1，不是说单个国家牺牲是不可能的

   Factors other than international leadership and world wide cooperation have driven individual nations to conserve energy. These countries conserve energy purely for their own benefit in the future.

Japan is a country naturally with nearly no energy resources, so it make great effort to conserve energy for future generations. A famous case is that Japan once brought crude oil from other countries and buried it under the sea.

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2. All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done.

 

Thesis sentence: it is true that team work is the most familiar functional way that adopted by many groups and organizations. It is also true that every team member should share responsibilities and duties within the team. However, it is hardly true that the absence of central authority that enables everybody to make decisions is an effective way to get work done.

 

Admittedly

1，所有人共同担负责任确实更有效

   Compared with giving the responsibility for a task to one authoritative person, the sharing of responsibilities and duties among team members is a more effective way to get things done.

The allocated responsibility and duties give workers the feeling of being important and necessary that motivated them to fulfill their work.

The fact that anyone who dose not accomplish his or her assigned work thus affect the whole progress of the project could be easily detected, gives the necessary pressure to workers that guarantee the efficiency thus the completion of the project.

 

Nevertheless, that is not to say, people in a team should make decisions together.

1，但所有人都参与决策比一人决策效率高的说法不正确

   The claim that letting everyone to make decision rather than giving one person central authority is a more effective way to get things down is unwarranted.

   Everybody makes decisions totally no decisions.

Not everyone has acquired the essential abilities such as thorough analysis and foresighted prediction to make decisions.

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9. Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.

Optional words: Separate/ isolate/ exclude

Thesis sentence: To some extends, I agree with the author’s point of view towards the relationship between private life and work because bringing private life to workplaces has many bad effects on both the one who does so and people around him.

 

Admittedly

1， 私人生活带到工作中会影响个人效率

Personal activities should not be brought to the workplace since they can reduce one’s efficiency.

   A mother worried about her child cannot efficiently focus on her task even if the deadline is coming.

2，私人生活带到工作中会影响他人

Dealing with one’s personal affairs at the workplace will inevitably produce negative effects on other co-workers. 

A girl who breaks up with her boyfriend during the work time will probably talk to other fellows about the bad emotion, which may have a potentially negative influence on the productivity of the staff.

 

Nevertheless, that is not to say, people cannot bring any of their personal life to the work.

1， 不是说决不容许私人生活

It is true that employees can hardly only work like a machine, that is to say, inevitably, they may carry some personal emotions while working. Sharing the personal interests and activities moderately may help build the positive relationship among colleagues.

Since sometimes problems of private life will catch people all the time, the superiors should be more sensitive to their subordinate’s difficulties, and help them to handle the problems properly.

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11. “When someone achieves greatness in any field — such as the arts, science, politics, or business — that person’s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”

 

To judge the importance between persons’ achievements and their personal faults is a controversial topic.

 

On the one hand, some people have the opinion that such person’s achievements are more important than any of their personal faults.

The proponents of this view may argue that great persons’ success cannot be ignored even though they commit some faults. Compared with the huge achievements, those great people’s faults appear so unimportant as to forget.

For example, even a cursory review of the private lives of past Presidents reveals substantial evidence that Franklin Roosevelt, Dwight Eisenhower, Lyndon Johnson and John Kennedy had extramarital affairs. Thomas Jefferson, many believe, fathered children by one of his slaves. And Grover Cleveland confessed to having an illegitimate child. But people always choose to neglect such faults because those great persons have made great political achievements, for example, Roosevelt boosted the American economy and cease the recession.

On the other hand, that is not to say, great faults can also be neglected even though that person have achieved lot.

For instance, Mao, who released Chinese from the aggression of other nations, started the “Great culture revolution” in China which brought huge disaster to hundreds and thousands of innocent people. Poet named “Haizi” who is highly achieved in arts and literature, murdered his wife and then committed suicide. It is unfair to take it for granted that any achievement in any field is more important than life.

 

My view

Importance of achievements and faults changes in different situations. There is no perpetual right answer to this question.

We should collectively and objectively evaluate a person by considering both the faults and the achievements rather than by claiming one of the two is more important than the other.

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5. Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately（最终） belongs to each individual person, not to government.

Thesis sentence: While individual person can do a lot to protect our natural environment, the responsibility of preservation the overall environment lays in the hands of government with help from each individual in the society.

Admittedly

人人都有责保护环境

   Undoubtedly, individual person should assume the primary responsibility for protecting the environment.

   On the one hand, the natural environment belongs to each person living on the earth, and therefore, the duty to protect it should also belong to each. Any contamination in the environment – no matter where it takes place – would ultimately do harm to all of us.

Take the depletion of ozone for example. Although such depletion happens only in the polar region, all of the human being is suffering from the excessive ultraviolet radiation which would otherwise be absorbed by the ozone

   On the other hand, the environmental pollution will never be eradicated（彻底摆脱） unless each individual realizes the importance to protect the natural environment.

   Without enough attention to the seriousness of environmental problem, people may probably have no motivate to protect environment. Consequently, any legislation intended to protect the environment will not be effectively executed by individual and therefore may make little change to the environmental condition.

Nevertheless, that is not to say, to leave all the responsibility to individuals is a wise choice.

1，人们的天性自私

   Experience tells us that individuals tend to act on behalf of their own short-term economic and political interest, not on behalf of the environment or the public at large.

1， 政府能更好的保护环境

   The government should not deny the necessary responsibility to protect the environment, because no individual has enough power to impede the fatal threat to environment.

   Firstly, many fatal problems in the environment cannot be successfully addressed by the relative weak power of individual.

   Secondly, the government can place certain regulations on the wastes and pollutants towards environment emitted by industries.

Fines deprived from corporations and individual ones that disobey the environmental regulations can be used on many ways such as preserve the forests, planting trees, create conserved areas that will improve our current situations.

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6. Job security and salary should be bases on employee performance not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.

Thesis sentence: In the final analysis, an effective solution would be to base such reward mainly on performance at work while taking the years of service into account.

Admittedly

依据工龄，不利生产力和今后发展

   Undeniably, the reward system based merely on years of service would do harm to not only the corporation's productivity but also the further development.

   On the one hand, under such incentive system, the complacent（安逸的） employees might gain good reward while providing mediocre（凑合的） productivity, only because of the relatively longer years that they have spent in the company.

On the other hand, the company using such system could eventually become unattractive to the most ingenious and creative new employees, since they could only obtain less salary and job security than those older，but less effective and less hard-working employees. Consequently, the company would suffer a net loss of excellent work force and lose the competitive advantage in the market.

Nevertheless, that is not to say, we should suggest that the company ignore the important factor - employee's years of service.

工龄还是有些价值的

   It is true that reward employees solely according to their seniority will affect the overall productivity, however, the year of services do contain some indication on specialty and experience.

   The productive employees with longer years of service have devoted more time and energy to one company and therefore deserve more honor and more rewards. And they may even have joint the company when it was first established and made tremendous achievements for the company's development. If the company merely focuses on work performance and ignores these old employees’ significant contribution, they will feel unfairly treated and inadequately valued by the company. Inevitably, the company would lose the most precious resource - the loyalty of the employee.

Moreover, when conducting work assessment of certain positions such as consultant, in which performance become hard to evaluate, seniority acts as useful supplement

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7. Clearly, government has a responsibility to support the arts. However, if that support is going to produce anything of value, government must place no restrictions on the art that is produced.

Optional words:

Government/ the authorities

Art/artist 

Support/finance/ patronize/ loan/ sustain/ pledge

Thesis sentence:

Art, the inevitable representation of human civilization, must be count in the responsibilities that government carries. But support without restrictions will probably lead to fruitless.

Admittedly

艺术对社会有很大价值

   Arts provide the whole society with countless positive effects.

   On the one hand, arts can draw the community’s attention to such perpetual virtue as affection, compassion, duty, bravery, and so forth.

For example, the famous film “The Lord of Rings” successfully publicizes the great merits of humanity – integrity and responsibility.

On the other hand, arts can also remind people of the instinct（天生的） demerits stemming from the dark side of humanity, such as aggression and greed, since great artists always remember the social responsibility to reflect the real society.

Take Shakespeare for instance. The tragedy of Macbeth is created with the intention to illustrate the serious result of insatiable desire.

Nevertheless, that is not to say, government could support art without restrictions.

1，政府不太可能无条件支持

   Firstly, it is almost impossible for government to place no restrictions on arts which receive its financial support.

For example, the Soviet Union government forced all the artists to follow the “Party Line” and squashed those who resisted such force; consequently, only one style of art can survive under such pressure. Although in many democratic countries, such restriction is hidden and indirect, it still widely exists.

1， 无限制的支持不一定是好事

   Unselected supporting of arts will probably lead to fruitless.

   Some radical（新的） forms of arts go beyond the acceptance of the masses and contradict our social moral. For example, posters featuring blood and violence may have a negative impact on the public.

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8. A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official.

Admittedly

领导人的作用也许不如企业家的明显

   Government officials may not influence the course of a community or a nation as apparently as a powerful business leader, since the development of the country and the daily life of people are closely related with the business.

   For example, Gates led a revolution of information industry while Rockefeller took the control of American oil supply.

   Unlike business leader, government power is likely to subject to (obey) many more restraints. Our check-and-balance system, the legislation influence and the voting power are all factors that temper（减轻） the power of government official to the course of a community or a nation. Moreover, powerful business leaders always hold the actual legislative and judicial power by their financial supporting of official activities such as governmental elections.

Nevertheless, that is not to say, government official has no influence on the course of a community or a nation.

1，企业家的行为必须被政府认可

   All impacts of the business are based on its existence, which is permitted by the government. The actions of a company can only have some impacts when they are permitted by the government. In addition, the governmental officials have the abilities to regulate commerce.

2，影响一个国家，需要强大的权力

Great power which can be only generated from absolute authority is needed to influence the course of a community or a nation. Such absolute authority does not exist in business.

While take more thorough consideration, the government official is likely to have more direct and broad influence on a community and a nation.

Yet even a cursory（粗略的） review of the history reveals substantial evidence that it is the government leader rather than the business leader that can make the pivotal decision when the nation is in crisis.

For example, during the recession of economic cycle, the power of companies cannot revive the economy of the whole nation. Only government can use its authority to make positive policy to stimulate the companies and thus the economy of the whole nation.

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9. Location has traditionally been one of the most important determinants of a business’s success. The importance of location is not likely to change, no matter how advanced the development of computer communications and others kinds of technology becomes.

Admittedly

对一些传统企业来说，选址依然很重要

For many traditional businesses, location is still playing a fatal role on their success.

Take cosmetic selling for example. The revenue of these companies still largely relies on face-to-face persuading. In addition, consumers may prefer to go to the cloth shop to try on the clothes while feeling the texture of them rather than stay at home looking at picture of clothes on computer.

Nevertheless, that is not to say, the development of computer communications and other kinds of technology brings no change about the importance of location.

As computer technology and electronic communication become more and more convenient, the intangible（虚拟的） locations on the internet have replaced the location in the real world in some business areas.

   Now the advanced technology can offer the same or even more convenient transportation, and also, with the help of internet, company can even sign a contract without seeing the other company. Taking advantage of the development of new techniques, many companies, such as DELL, a lot of internet retail stores, and online banks, win a significant success.

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10. A company’s long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt by the company’s employees.

Admittedly

对工作的满意度确实有促进作用

Employees are one of the most important assets of a company. Job satisfaction of the workers influences a lot on their performance thus overall productivity which play a fatal role in the success of the company.

   The possibility that the employees who do not satisfied with the jobs jump to another company for a higher salary is much higher than that of employees who do satisfied.

    Company which does well in establishing a well organized job satisfaction system has a high degree to have the loyalty of its employees, which is precious to the company.

Nevertheless, that is not to say, the author’s assertion is right in any aspects.

工作保障则容易起反作用

Unlike job satisfaction, job security may not necessarily lead to success.

Job security is an established system to protect the employees from losing their jobs. Obviously, with such a mechanism, employees would be lazy and pleased with the environment they already have. Also, job security will induce lack of motivation. Thus, the company would lose its advantage when compete with other companies and when attract its customers.