求解 PREP CR1 Q46.

xuganwilliam

46.     Archaeologists inMichigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found atthe site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  However, the camp probably dates to no laterthan 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and Europeantraders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.

Which of thefollowing, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) Due to tradeamong Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the areabefore the European traders themselves did.
(B) At all camps inthe region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains ofEuropean trade goods have been found.
(C) The firstEuropean trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especiallyvaluable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
(D) The firstEuropean traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
(E) The site is thatof a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years andthen abandoned.


为什么是B

zhima427

46.    Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  However, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.

考古学家在密歇根发现了一处遗址，根据激光显示这处遗址应该在1605到1755期间。但是实际上应该不晚于1630，因为在遗址中没有发现欧洲的交易品，并且欧洲交易在1630以后才发生在这一区域。

没有欧洲交易品推出不晚于1630

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
和这个区域并没直接的关系
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
正确，在1620年后的遗址中，欧洲商品就出现了。属于异因异果。
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
和欧洲商品的价值无关，和遗址没有关系
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
和欧洲商人什么时候进入无关
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.
并不能加强1620这个年代

xuganwilliam

谢谢。有点头绪。

detective

看看這題的 argument ，作者是怎麼得到 "Camp dates no later than 1630" 的結論？

(1) 在 camp 中沒有找到 Euro trade good
(2) Euro trader 在 1620 之後才在那邊有活動

首先，關於"1620's onward" 的概念，不不是只限於 "1620年"。
當然， 1620 是符合 "1620's onward" 的條件，
但不要忘記 1630、1640、1650 也都符合 "1620's onward" 的條件。
所以就算是這個 camp 被 dated 在 1670's，也是符合 "1620's onward" 的條件。

在釐清了上述觀點之後，我們會發現第二個條件，單獨看來，只是起到了一個 guideline 的角色。
真正讓作者下「這個 camp 的時間不晚於 1630's」的結論，
真正關鍵的原因在於第一個條件："Euro trade good" 被 dated 的日期。

這時候我們就不能忘了，"Euro trade good 被 dated" 大前提條件是：
Euro trade good 要先被找到。 (不然空無一物要 date 個 P？)

所以這個 argument 的結論跟其 reasoning 之間，其實存在了一個 Gap：
1630 是怎麼來的？怎麼不說是 1650 或是 1680？
既然沒有 Euro trade good 被找到，就沒有東西可供 date，難道是媽祖顯靈告訴我們的？

所以選項的內容必定要可以填平這個 Gap，而 (B) 選項做到了這一點。

選項 (B) 說：所有被 dated to the late 1620's 的 camp，都有 Euro trade good 被找到。

選項的 late 1620's 挺迷惑人的，姑且把它視為 1630's 會清楚一些，
來替換替換吧：所有被 dated to the 1630's 的 camp，都有 Euro trade good 被找到。

這個選項基本上告訴了我們兩件事情：
(1) 在這些 camp 中，有 Euro trade good 被找到
(2) 這些被找到的 Euro trade good 被 dated 的結果是在 1630

綜合選項跟 argument 的內容，我們發現選項中的 camp跟 argument 中的 camp 是不同的。
也就是說有兩種camp：
(1) 沒有 Euro trade good 被找到的 camp (argument裡所述的camp)
(2) 有 Euro trade good 被找到的 camp (B選項裡所述的camp)

再回到前面選項(B)的內容，我們可以這樣理解：
因為「這些找到的 Euro trade good 被 dated 的結果是在 1630」，
所以這些camp 存在的時點推斷是在 1630’s。
反之，對應到 argument 的內容，那些沒有找到 Euro trade good 的 camp，
Euro trade good 在那個時候還沒有存在，
所以 argument 中才有如此結論：
the camp probably dates to no later than 1630。
(Camp that were dated to later than 1630 應該要找到 Euro trade good)


呼～我有一種證完數學證明題的感覺...

reirayanqing

onward   是向前的意思吧？那就是说是1620's 之前咯？？？


谢谢解答！！！

detective

onward 根據 Collins English Dictionary 的定義：
1. (adj.) Onward means moving forward or continuing a journey.  
   eg: The plane's onward movement was slowed by adverse winds.

2. (adj.) Onward means developing, progressing, or becoming more important over a period of time.

3. (adv.)If something happens from a particular time onwards or onward, it begins to happen at that time and continues to happen afterwards.
   eg: From the turn of the century onward, she shared the life of the aborigines. (自世紀之交以來，她就跟土著居民生活在一起)

回到 argument 中：Europeantraders were active in the region from the 1620's onward

在這邊的 onward 應該是第三的意思，作為副詞，表示在1620's 之後。

如果我理解得沒有錯的話，您所提到 onward "向前"應該是第一個意思──向前移動之意。

但是請注意：作為向前解釋時，它是適用在 "journal" (旅程、航程)上，對於時間，他是表示「在某時間之後」，著重在 afterward 上。

zxc1118zxc

onward   是向前的意思吧？那就是说是1620's 之前咯？？？


谢谢解答！！！
reirayanqing 发表于 2012-12-28 06:48

    from```onward 是从```开始的意思~