求教OG12-94

Gabby308

94. Studies in restaurants show thatthe tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger whenthe bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit card logo. Consumerpsychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit card holderswilling to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceedsthe cash they have immediately available.
Which of the following, if true, moststrongly supports the psychologists’ interpretation of the studies?
(A) The effect noted in the studies isnot limited topatrons who have credit cards.
(B) Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card obligationstend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with a credit-cardlogo than when the tray has no logo.
(C) In virtually all of the cases inthe studies, the patrons who paid bills in cash did not possess credit cards.
(D) In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave largertips than do those who pay by credit card.
(E) The percentage of restaurant billspaid with a given brand of credit card increases when that credit card’s logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is presented.
正确答案是B。
自己试着用有关无关去排除，我是这样想的：这个消费心理学家的假设里面包含了两个重要信息：一个是看到logo；另一个是持卡人愿意支付更多。那么在选项里面就只有B和它相关。不知道这么判断有关无关到底对不对？
P.S.：感觉自己逻辑好像能看到门在那，就是进不去。。。。囧

shell6688

有钱的看到logo给的多，没钱的看到logo给的少。

hz032478

看到这题脑细胞也死了很多(原本就不多),最后我个人理解如下:
如果要加强心理学家的推断：(1)即看到LOGO——(2)提醒他们的消费能力大于现金——（3）付更多。
换言之：心理学家想说：（1）+（2）=（3）
怎样的选项能加强心理学家的推断呢？
有两种：把（1）换成相反方向，等式不成立（题干中已经有了，不看到LOGO的人趋向付更少）
             把（2）换成相反方向，等式不成立（就是B项，消费能力不足的人也趋向付更少）
最后再考虑下，如果（1）换成相反方向或者（2）换成相反方向都还能推出（3）的话，只能说明（1）与（2）都不是（3）的原因了。
再举个简单点的例子去想一下：
营养学家说：长得更胖的原因是吃更多。
要支持营养学家的说法，我们要做的是证明：吃得少的人没有长更胖（因为如果吃得少的人也胖的话，吃得多就不是长得胖的原因了）。与这题同理
唉，表达能力有限，不知道说清楚没

Gabby308

many thanks @