myice

GMATPrcp　＃２－６０－ＣＲ８

 

 

Telomerase is an enzyme that is produced only in cells that are actively dividing.  For this reason it is generally absent from body tissues in adults.  Bone marrow is an exception to this rule, however, since even in adults, bone marrow cells continually divide to replace old blood cells.  Cancers are another exception, because their cells are rapidly dividing.

 

The information provided most strongly supports which of the following?

 

1. Telomerase is the only enzyme that is present in cancerous cells but absent from cells that are not actively dividing.
2. In children, the only body tissues from which telomerase is absent are those in which cells are not rapidly dividing.
3. The presence of telomerase in bone marrow is no indication of bone marrow cancer.
4. Cancer of the bone marrow develops more rapidly than cancer growing in any other kind of adult tissue.
5. The level of telomerase production is always higher in cancerous tissue than in noncancerous tissue.

 

 

正确选项为C
本题考点：
加强题
本题分析：
前提：酶T只产生于活跃分裂的细胞中。因此成年人的细胞中几乎没有酶T.然为骨髓是个特例，因为成年人体内的骨髓还是在继续分裂代替陈旧的血细胞组织。
癌症又是另一个例外，因为癌细胞在不停的分裂
选项ABDE都超出题目范围。只有C指出癌细胞和骨髓是不一样的，所以癌细胞才称得上另外一个特例。

joezhouyun

谢谢分享

myice

  GMATPrcp #2-61-CR9

Astronomer:  Observations of the Shoemaker-Levi comet on its collision course with Jupiter showed that the comet broke into fragments before entering Jupiter’s atmosphere in 1994, but they did not show how big those fragments were.  Nevertheless, some indication of their size can be inferred from spectrographic analyses of Jupiter’s outer atmosphere.  After the fragments’ entry, these analyses revealed unprecedented traces of sulfur.  The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter’s outer atmosphere does contain sulfur.  Since sulfur would have seeped into the outer atmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud layer, it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter’s outer atmosphere without being burned up.

In the astronomer’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

1. The first is a claim that the astronomer seeks to show is true; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the truth of that claim.
2. The first is a claim that the astronomer seeks to show is true; the second provides evidence in support of the truth of that claim.
3. The first and the second are each considerations advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument.
4. The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.
5. The first is a circumstance for which the astronomer seeks to provide an explanation; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the explanation provided by the astronomer. 

正确选项为C
本题考点：
粗体字题
本题分析：
文章结论： it is likely……
文章两处粗体字都是为证明结论的

myice

  GMATPrcp #2-62-RC8

1.      大名鼎鼎的印第安人水权案

In Winters v. United States                在W与美国打官司(1908)的案件中，最高法

(1908), the Supreme Court held            院认为，根据领地建立的条约，美国印第安

that the right to use waters flow-            人享有使用流过或邻近FB印第安保留地的

Line ing through or adjacent to the          水的权利。

(5) Fort Berthold Indian Reservation

was reserved to American Indians

by the treaty establishing the reservation.

Although this treaty did                    虽然条约并未提及用水权，法院裁定，联邦

not mention water rights, the Court          政府在建立保留地时，希望公正对待印第安

(10) ruled that the federal government,       人，为其保留土地赖以生存的水。

when it created the reservation,

intended to deal fairly with

American Indians by preserving

for them the waters without which

(15) their lands would have been use-

less. Later decisions, citing                W引证，随后的决定确认了法院在以下三个

Winters, established that courts            条件时，可出于特殊目的得到保留水的联邦

can find federal rights to reserve             权力。

water for particular purposes if

(20) (1) the land in question lies within      1)有疑问的土地被专属联邦权限的领土包围；

an enclave under exclusive federal

jurisdiction, (2) the land has been           2)土地正式从联邦公共土地中收回-如根据联

formally withdrawn from federal             邦土地使用法律，从可用的联邦私人用途土

public lands — i.e., withdrawn from          地库存收回的-并作保留的；

(25) the stock of federal lands available

for private use under federal

land use laws — and set aside or

reserved, and (3) the circumstances         3)情况反映了政府建立保留地时希望保存水

reveal the government                     和地。

(30) intended to reserve water as well

as land when establishing the

reservation.水权法案及其适用情况

Some American Indian tribes                一些美国印第安部落根据他们在美国成立

have also established water rights             前传统引水及对一定水域的使用，通过法

(35) through the courts based on their         院获得了用水权。

traditional diversion and use of

certain waters prior to the United

States’ acquisition of sovereignty.不适用于第一、二条

For example, the Rio Grande                例如，当美国在1848年取得新墨西哥主权

(40) pueblos already existed when the        时，格兰德河的印第安人村庄已经存在。

United States acquired sovereignty

over New Mexico in 1848. Although           虽然他们在那时成为美国一部分，村庄的

they at that time became part of the          土地从未正式构成联邦公共土地的一部分；

United States, the pueblo lands

(45) never formally constituted a part

of federal public lands; in any                 在任何事件中，没有条约、法令或执行命

event, no treaty, statute, or executive           令曾指定或把村庄作为保留地从公共土地

order has ever designated                      中收回。

or withdrawn the pueblos from

(50) public lands as American Indian

reservations. This fact, however,               然而这个事实没有妨碍W原则的应用。

has not barred application

of the Winters doctrine. What                  什么构成保留地只是实践问题，不是法

constitutes an American Indian                  律定义，印第安村庄一直被美国视为保

(55) reservation is a question of                 留地。

practice, not of legal definition,

and the pueblos have always

been treated as reservations by

the United States. This pragmatic                这种实事求是的手法得到AC案的支

(60) approach is buttressed by Arizona           持，该案中，最高法院指出，所有保

v. California (1963), wherein the                  留地产生的方式并不影响W原则的

Supreme Court indicated that the                 执行。

manner in which any type of federal

reservation is created does not

(65) affect the application to it of the

Winters doctrine. Therefore, the               因此，村庄印第安人从1848年起优于

reserved water rights of Pueblo                 其他公民享有用水权，这年里，村庄必

Indians have priority over other                  以保留地来看待。

citizens’ water rights as of 1848,

(70) the year in which pueblos must

be considered to have become

reservations. 另一种保留水权的办法RG

特别套路

逻辑简图：

1P: (1908)in Winters, supreme court held that the right was reserved by treaty… Later decisions find …1), 2), 3)….

2P: some Indian tribes also established water rights… For example, RGP…. However, has not barred application of Winters. This pragmatic approach is buttressed by AVC…. Therefore, rights of P have priority over other citizen’s rights….

第一段：1908年，在某个例案中，高级法院根据一项关于建立印第安人保留区的treaty,规定联邦政府必须保证保留区内印第安人的水权。之后，又作出了详细的规定，规定在以下三种情况下联邦政府可行使该项权利：1、...2、...3、...

第二段：RG这样一个印第安地区，虽然不符合以上1、2两种情况（情况3没有讨论），但事实上也遵循了winter doctrine. 因为，尽管没有正式的文件，但RG一直都被联邦政府视为保留区....最后，还有一个1963年的法律规定联邦政府设立保留区的方式并不影响到这种保留区遵循winter doctrine，因此，最终确定了RG的水权。

 

 

The author cites the fact that the Rio Grande pueblos were never formally withdrawn from public lands primarily in order to do which of the following?          

1. Suggest why it might have been argued that the Winters doctrine ought not to apply to pueblo lands
2. Imply that the United States never really acquired sovereignty over pueblo lands
3. Argue that the pueblo lands ought still to be considered part of federal public lands
4. Support the argument that the water rights of citizens other than American Indians are limited by the Winters doctrine

Suggest that federal courts cannot claim jurisdiction over cases disputing the traditional diversion and use of water by Pueblo Indians

 

 

正确选项为A

本题考点：

细节题

本题分析：

要做对这道题最关键是要看懂第二段最初作者的观点：印地安人在美国政府建立之前就在那片土地上生活，所以，最高法院的那些原则不适用于印地安人。作者持否定态度

myice

GMATPrcp #2-63-RC9

 

 

The passage suggests that, if the criteria discussed in lines 16 – 32 were the only criteria for establishing a reservation’s water rights, which of the following would be true?        

1. The water rights of the inhabitants of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation would not take precedence over those of other citizens.
2. Reservations established before 1848 would be judged to have no water rights.
3. There would be no legal basis for the water rights of the Rio Grande pueblos.
4. Reservations other than American Indian reservations could not be created with reserved water rights.
5. Treaties establishing reservations would have to mention water rights explicitly in order to reserve water for a particular purpose.

正确选项为C
本题考点：
细节题
本题分析：
根据题意，如果这些标准是唯一标准，RG的水权就没有了，文中说考虑到他们在建国前就存在了，所以他们还是有水权；
E是明显的干扰项，文中没有说和部落签订的条约要明确水权，或者说如果用其它法律形式规定好了的水权问题，在和部落的协定中其实应该可以不再涉及了。
B选项也会成为一个干扰选项，但应抠紧文章，B的范围太大，排除

myice

  GMATPrcp #2-64-RC10

According to the passage, which of the following was true of the treaty establishing the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation?

1. It was challenged in the Supreme Court a number of times.
2. It was rescinded by the federal government, an action that gave rise to the Winters case.
3. It cited American Indians’ traditional use of the land’s resources.
4. It failed to mention water rights to be enjoyed by the reservation’s inhabitants.
5. It was modified by the Supreme Court in Arizona v. California.

正确选项为D
本题考点：
细节题
本题分析：
原文回视第8行: Although…

myice

GMATPrcp #2-65-RC11

 

 

The primary purpose of the passage is to            

1. trace the development of laws establishing American Indian reservations
2. explain the legal bases for the water rights of American Indian tribes
3. question the legal criteria often used to determine the water rights of American Indian tribes
4. discuss evidence establishing the earliest date at which the federal government recognized the water rights of American Indians
5. point out a legal distinction between different types of American Indian reservations

正确选项为B
本题考点：
主旨题
本题分析：
根据全文翻译可知文章的主旨就是在讨论印第安人保留地用水权的法律依据。

myice

  GMATPrcp #2-66-CR 10

Rye sown in the fall and plowed into the soil in early spring leaves a residue that is highly effective at controlling broad-leaved weeds, but unfortunately for only about 45 days.  No major agricultural crop matures from seed in as little as 45 days.  Synthetic herbicides, on the other hand, although not any longer-lasting, can be reapplied as the crop grows.  Clearly, therefore, for major agricultural crops, plowing rye into the soil can play no part in effective weed control.

The argument is most vulnerable to the objection that it fails to

1. consider that there might be minor, quick-growing crops that do mature in 45 days or less
2. identify any alternative method of weed control that could be used instead of the method it rejects
3. distinguish among the various kinds of synthetic herbicides
4. allow for the possibility of combining the two weed-control methods it mentions
5. allow for the possibility that plants other than rye, handled the same way, might have the same effect

正确选项为D
本题考点：
削弱题
本题分析：
fail to …是要指出文章的不足之处
结论：在主要农作物的田地里犁黑麦对除草没有特效。
缺陷：未能想到两种方法结合起来的效用

myice

GMATPrcp #2-67-CR11

 

 

Fearing competition from stores that rent video games for home use, owners of stores that sell video games lobbied for protective

legislation.  Citing as a precedent legislation that postpones home film rentals until one year after general release to theaters, the video sellers proposed as an equitable solution a plan that would postpone rental of any video game until it had been available for sale for one year.

Which of the following, if true, would support an objection by owners of video rental stores that the fairness of the proposed legislation is not supported by the precedent cited?

1. Although the daily rental fee for home use of films is generally the same as that for video games, the average rental period for a video game is longer than that for a film.
2. Film rentals for home use tend to particularly strong during the first year after a film has been made available for both sale and rental at video rental stores.
3. Most people are interested in playing only the latest video games and tend to find video games that have been available for over a year unappealing whether they have played them before or not, whereas films maintain their appeal far longer after their release.
4. People who rent video games tend to play them by themselves, whereas people who rent films invite friends and neighbors to watch.
5. A slight decline in revenues from films that have been recently released in theaters has been attributed to the growing market for rentals of films for home use.

正确选项为C
本题考点：
削弱题
本题分析：
not supported可以表示削弱也可表示不支持
前提：为了保护自己的利益不受损，游戏带的销售商要求政府像其对电影出租行业一样对游戏带出租商发出禁令
缺陷：找出游戏带与电影销售的不同,指出政府对电影出租的规定是针对其行业的特性而不是共性
即为选项C

myice

GMATprcp #2-68-SC7

 

 

Several financial officers of the company spoke on condition that they not be named in the press reports.

 

1. that they not be named
2. that their names will not be used
3. that their names are not used
4. of not having their names
5. of not naming them

 

 

正确选项为A
本题考点：
虚拟语气
本题分析：
on condition that+虚拟语气