gwd3 12

JUNO1031

1.GWD-3-Q12 to Q15美國國會和印第安人協商形式的轉變及其意義
In its 1903 decision in the case1903年，美國最高法院對LW案作出

of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United判決，駁回三個本土美國部落要求“非

States Supreme Court rejected the印第安人在部落土地安家必須得到部落

Lineefforts of three Native American tribes批准”。

(5)to prevent the opening of tribal lands

to non-Indian settlement without tribal

consent.In his study of the Lone

(10)of a virtually unlimited unilateral power

of Congress (the House of Represen-

tatives and the Senate) over Native

American affairs.But he fails to note但BC遺漏了這項判決更深遠的影響：

the decision’s more far-reaching案件過後不久，聯邦政府完全放棄了

(15)impact:shortly after Lone Wolf, the與印第安部落談判，放棄了把正規的

federal government totally abandoned書面協議的執行作為實施聯邦印第安

negotiation and execution of formal政策的先決條件。

written agreements with Indian tribes

as a prerequisite for the implemen-

(20)tation of federal Indian policy.Many很多評論員相信這一轉變早在1871年

commentators believe that this change國會廢除與本土部落訂立條約時就發

had already occurred in 1871 when—生了。這一廢除是跟隨議院和上院爭

following a dispute between the論誰應主導印第安事務發生的。

House and the Senate over which

(25)chamber should enjoy primacy in

Indian affairs—Congress abolished

the making of treaties with Native

American tribes.But in reality the但事實上，世紀之交後，聯邦政府一直

federal government continued to nego-在協商正式的部落協議，它並非把這些

(30)tiate formal tribal agreements past檔看作有待上院批准的與獨立國簽

the turn of the century, treating these署的條約，而是有待兩個議院通過的立

documents not as treaties with sover-法。

eign nations requiring ratification by the

Senate but simply as legislation to be

(35)passed by both houses of Congress.

The Lone Wolf decision ended thisLW案件的判決終結了正式談判時代，

era of formal negotiation and finally並最終擺脫了得到部落同意的空洞形

did away with what had increasingly式。

become the empty formality of obtain-

ing tribal consent.

現象解釋

邏輯簡圖：

1903, L case. BC properly emphasize Congress. But fails to note far-reaching impact. Many commentators believe change in 1871. But in reality continued but simply as.. L case ended this era….

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GWD-3-Q12:

The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A  identifying similarities in two different theories
B  evaluating a work of scholarship
C  analyzing the significance of a historical event
D  debunking a revisionist interpretation
E  exploring the relationship between law and social reality
答案C 請問D錯誤的原因為何? D的意思是什麼看不懂?