GMAT考试-虚拟语气总结篇

Teasung

 

1.if 条件从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，主句也要用虚拟语气

1〉表示与现在事实相反 2〉表示与过去事实相反 3〉表示与将来事实相反

2．Without+名词/代词

3.条件从句用原形表达虚拟语气，但主句谓语动词不用虚拟

4.省略if=倒置（eg.Should you change your mind, .....  = If you should change...)

 

 

总结：

1.      后置主语从句中的虚拟语气（it is + adj.+that）that从句中用动词原形表示虚拟语气

Important/natural/essential/imperative/necessary/vital/advisable/obligatory/best/incredible/ironic/preferable/appropriate

 

2.      下列动词宾语后从句使用动词原形表示虚拟，省略should

1>    表建议：advocate/advise/move/recommend that

Sb. suggest/propose that

2>    表命令：order/decree/mandate/command/demand that

3>    表要求：request/require/insist

           Sth require of sb that

 

3.      下列动词宾语后从句不使用虚拟语态

Allow that/rule that/Sth propose that / Sth suggest that

 

 

 

1）OG 57.  Affording strategic proximity to the Strait of Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that if they did not hold it, their grip on Algeria was always insecure.

(A)      if they did not hold it, their grip on Algeria was always insecure

(B)      without it their grip on Algeria would never be secure

(C)      their grip on Algeria was not ever secure if they did not hold it

(D)      without that, they could never be secure about their grip on Algeria

(E)      never would their grip on Algeria be secure if they did not hold it

Answer : (B)

Grammatical construction + Verb form

Conditional constructions require specc verb tenses. For a past condition, the subordinate clause introduced by if uses the past indicative, and the main clause uses the conditional ifx happened, then y would happen.

A       The verb was should be the conditional would be; wordy and imprecise

B       Correct. This clear, concise sentence

correctly uses the conditional would never be.

C      The verb was should be the conditional

would be; pronoun it is ambiguous and could

refer to either Morocco or Algeria

D      It, not that, should be used to refer back to Morocco; could never be secure about their grip is awkward

E       Inverted word order is awkward and confusing; it could refer to either Morocco or Algeria

The correct answer is B.

 

Teasung

2）GWD-9-Q19:

In many nations, criminal law does not apply to corporations, but in the United Stated today, a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee acted within the scope of his or her authority and if the corporation benefited as a result.

A. a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee acted

B. a corporation is committing a crime whenever one of its employees committed a crime, if those employees were acting

C. corporations commit a crime whenever one of its employees does, on the condition that the employee acts

D. corporations commit crimes whenever an employee of those corporations commit a crime, if it was while acting

E. the corporation whose employees commit a crime, commits a crime, whenever the employee acted

Answer:[A]

3) OG 161. A wildlife expert predicts that the reintroduction of the caribou into northern Minnesota would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than one wolf for every 39 square miles.

(A) would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than

(B) would fail provided the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more than

(C) should fail if the timber wolf density in that region was greater than

(D) will fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is greater than

(E) will fail if the timber wolf density in that region were more numerous than

Answer:

D

Teasung

虚拟一般指不太有可能发生的事情,  如: If I were you, .....; 或者过去已成的事实, 而说的人好象吃了后悔药, 回到过去改变它. If I knew it, I should have.....

161表明一件事情发生的环境, 条件, 陈述了一个事实, 即在什么样的情况下reintroduction会失败

 

4) Prep Test2-58 (非虚拟)

If current trends continue, by the end of year 2010 carbon emissions in the United States will soar to a level more than one-third higher than were those in 1990, according to official projections.

(A) will soar to a level more than one-third higher than were those

(B) will soar to a level more than one-third higher than that

(C) would soar to a level more than one-third higher than it was

(D) would soar to a level more than one-third higher than those

(E) would soar to a level more than one-third higher than they were

如果从句内容是现实中明显可行的或者可能的，那就不用虚拟了

此处如果if分句是虚拟语气，continue就不会是原形啦

既然continue是原形，表明作者觉得这个if是很可能发生的，所以后面也就不需要用虚拟语气了

5) OG50. As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500. or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.

(A) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.

(B) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind as an adult

(C) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision would be rated about 20/500; qualifying it to be legally blind if an adult

(D) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind.

(E) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision, which would deemed legally blind for an adult, would be rated about 20/500.

Answer（D）

这道题也不是虚拟语气。

would有一些词义是will没有的，即（确定的结果）将会，常常会，可能会，习惯性地会，这时候用would表结果而不能用will。

 

6) Q14: （表推测的虚拟语气）

Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.

 

A.is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were

B is expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal was

C.    is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement be signed by them with a provision for penalties if the deal were

D.are expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until it signs a merger agreement with a provision for penalties included if the deal was

E are expected to be making an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal were

   Answer: A

以上情况是虚拟语气，具体说叫＂推测条件句＂中的虚拟．

虚拟语气：把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的＂假设＂或者＂推测＂，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件．

推测条件句的结构：

１、if subject +动词过去式

２、if subject +should +动词原形

３、if subject  +were to do

本句属于３

Teasung

7) prep2－47（表推测的虚拟语气）

Those skeptical of the extent of global warming argue that short-term temperature data are an inadequate means of predicting long-term trends and point out that the scientific community remains divided on whether significant warming will occur and what impact will it have if it does.

(A) on whether significant warming will occur and what impact will it have if it does

(B) on whether warming that occurs will be significant and the impact it would have

(C) as to whether significant warming will occur or the impact it would have if it did

(D) over whether there will be significant warming or the impact it will have

(E) over whether significant warming will occur and what impact it would have if it did

答案是E，

 

8) 大全885里的SECTION A –6

6.    One of Arthur Jessop’s first acts as president of the FHA was to deny a request from the private sector that federal home loan programs should be expanded to cover houses not conforming to civil construction codes.

(A) should be expanded to cover houses not conforming to

(B) be expanded to cover houses not conforming to

(C) should be expand to cover houses not conforming with

(D) would have been expanded to cover houses not conforming to（B）

(E) had to be expanded to cover houses not conforming with

答案是B

 

倒置并省略if的情况：

9) 5． Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billion in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the worlds largest multinational banks.
(A) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is
(B) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, are
(C) should they repudiate a significant number of these debts, are
(D) if there is a repudiation of a significant number of these debts,would be
(E) if a significant number of these debts will be repudiated, is

答案是A

Teasung

1.  should a significant number of these debes be repudiated. = if a significant number of these debts should be repudiated.

类似的还有 were, had 的倒装并省略if,

in other words, Leaving out "if": formal inversion - structures: 

In formal styles, "if" can be droppped and an auxiliary verb put before the subject.   this happens with "were, had and should; very rarely with other auxiliary verbs.

2. 后半句就是一般现在时呀

The pattern if...should suggest that something is unlikely, or not particularly probable, by using 'should (not would)' in the if -clause.

If you should run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter.

3.  More details for 1:

Should you change your mind, .....  = If you should change...)

Were she my daughter, .... ( = If she were my daughter...)

Had I realized what yo intended, .... ( = If I had realized....)

大全 Section C No.3 虚拟条件句倒装用法

If anyone at InterCom Financial Advisers would have anticipated, or even suspected, the impending sale of the Koniko kelp processing plant, they would have advised owners of Koniko stock to unload all shares immediately.
(A) If anyone at InterCom Financial Advisers would have anticipated
(B) Had anyone at InterCom Financial Advisers anticipated
(C) If any people at InterCom Financial Advisers would have anticipated
(D) If any people at InterCom Financial Advisers had anticipated
(E) If anybody at InterCom Financial Advisers anticipated
答案D

 

本题之所以不用倒装B是因为anyone 和they不match