5月3日换题库了——5月GMAT作文新题汇总AA（20题）

bigpig

1.
本月2次

argument：一个地方的sports center 开了个游泳池，夏天的时候有百分之二十的会员增长，为了增加会员数目和费用，于是他们决定要多开发各种项目像：tenniscourt，然后又说他们是这个地区里唯一一个有这些项目的，是有competitiveadvantages 的。

上月机经 4次

原题：The following appeared as part of a business plan created by themanagement of the Take Heart Fitness Center:

“After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heartsaw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by its members. Therefore,in order to increase membership in Take Heart, we should continue to add newrecreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose gameroom, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in thearea offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage inthe health and recreation market.”(102)

提供观点：

1.
忽略他因。

2.
错误类比。

3.
收入和支出

1.
causaloversimplification

2.
abenefit-cost analysis should be given

3.
Whetherthe proposed recreational facilities are popular among the people of this areais unknown.

北美范文：

BecauseTake Heart Fitness Center experienced a 12percent increase in member usage as a result of opening a new swimming poollast summer, the author recommends the addition of new recreational facilitiesin subsequent years as a means of increasing membership in Take Heart. Theauthor’s recommendation is problematic for several reasons.

First, and foremost, the author assumes that an increase inmember usage portends an increase inmembership. This assumption may hold true in some cases. However, it isunlikely to hold true in the case at hand,because it is reasonable to expect that members would visit the fitness centerto inspect and try out the new swimming pool. This would account for theincrease in usage. However, since the author provides no evidence that this newrate of usage was sustained, the abrupt increase in usage provides littleevidence that the addition of facilities such as the pool will attract newmembers.

Second,the author assumes that the addition of the swimming pool was responsible forthe increase in member usage. However, the only evidence for this claim isinsufficient to establish the causal claim inquestion. While temporal precedence is one ofthe conditions required to establish a causal relationship between two events,by itself it is not a sufficient condition. Consequently, it is possiblethat the addition of the pool was unrelated to the increase in usage in themanner required by the author’s argument.

Finally,the author has provided no evidence to support the contention that Take Heartwill be the only center in the area to offer a wide range of activities to itsmembers and thus have a competitive advantage in the fitness market.

Inconclusion, the author’s belief that adding additionalrecreational facilities will increase TakeHeart’s membership is ill-founded. To strengthen the argument the author wouldhave to provide evidence that member usage is reliable indicator of newmembership. Additionally, it would be necessary to show that the cause of theincrease in usage was the opening of the new pool.

bigpig

2.        某个国家5年前办了场运动会，然后发现近三年旅游人数增多鸟，经济都增长了。所以有人提出为了促进经济增长，要再办个国际赛事。

上月机经 3次
The country of Bonaria held a major soccer event five years ago. Therefore, if the country continues to hold major sport events, tourism will increase rapidly in the country and thus bring benefits to the country's economy.
考古：
[v1]一个B城市:5年前hold an succor competition. 发现相比在这个competition 3年前，在这个competition举办后的3年的number of tourists increased 25%。所有呢，这个B城市打算再举办一次类似的sport event 来吸引游客。这个城市B相信，这个sport event会增加游客人数，同时benefit the country economy.
[v2] AA:5年前办了一个足球比赛，后来旅游发展很好，所以我们应该引进更多的国际体育赛事到B市，就可以吸引游客，带动经济发展
[v3] B国家五年前hosted a international soccer competition 游客增加 所以市长未来想要再办类似的比赛以增加观光收入和国家收益
提供观点：
1、错误的由时间先后推出因果关系
2、过去的成功不能保证将来，存在他因

bigpig

3.        本月2次
AA ：The following editorial appeared in the Elm City paper.
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.”  

上月机经 7次
原题：The following editorial appeared in the Elm City paper.
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.” （52）(两个版本，此为较新版本)
提供观点：
1.        作者所给出的所有问题和商场的建设都是时间上的前后关系而没有给出证据显示他们的因果关系
2.        作者只给出了不好的结果而没有给出好的影响很可能权衡利弊之后被选择的是要开这个商场
3.        这个商场的建立不应该也不能由此就否定以后所有的商场的建立

1，        To begin with, the author fails to establish the causal relationship between the shopping mall's opening and the closing of local businesses.
2，        Moreover, the author's conclusion is also based on the assumption that the shopping mall has caused the increase in crime and vagrancy.
3，        Finally, even if the shopping mall did cause the closing of local business and the increasing crime and vagrancy in Oak City, the author's prediction that Elm City will suffer from the same fate as Oak City is still open to doubt.

北美范文：
(此文根据老题写作)In this editorial the author rebukes Oak City for allowing the construction of a new downtown shopping mall. Citing a number of problems that have occurred since the building of the mail, the author concludes that the residents of Oak City have not benefited from the mail and that Oak City exercised poor judgment in allowing the mail to be built. Among the problems cited by the author are the closure of local businesses, lack of parking in the downtown area, and increased trash and litter in a city park near the mall. Moreover, the author argues that profits derived from sales are not benefiting Oak City because the owner of the mall lives in another city. The author’s argument is problematic in several respects.
In the first place, the author assumes that addition of the new mall is the cause of the various problems cited. The only evidence offered to support this claim is that the construction of the mall occurred before these problems manifested themselves. However, this evidence is insufficient to establish the claim in question. A chronological relationship is only one of the indicators of a causal relationship between two events.
In the second place, the author has focused only on negative effects the mall has had on the city. A more detailed analysis of the situation might reveal that the positive benefits for the city far outweigh the problems on which the author focuses. For example, new jobs might have been created for the residents of Oak City, and tax revenues might have been increased for the city. Lacking a more comprehensive analysis of the impact of the mail on Oak City, it is presumptuous on the part of the author to conclude that Oak City’s decision to allow the mall to be built was incorrect.
In conclusion, the author’s argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to demonstrate that the construction of the mall caused the various problems mentioned. The author would also have to show that the negative effects of the project outweighed the positive effects.

bigpig

4.        local clothing store做的调查 说8到10月的平均销售额下降了 而与此同时家具的销售额增加了 由此得出消费者更想买家具而不是衣服的趋势 为了利用这个趋势 应该缩小clothing department而enlarge furnishing department

上月机经 10次
一个调查发现商场的衣帽部在八月到十一月的利润下降，但是同时，家具部的利润在上升，为了提高利润，应该减少衣帽部的面积提高家具部的面积
原题：The following appeared as part of a recommendation from the business manager of a department store.
“Local clothing stores reported that their profits decreased, on average, for the three-month period between August 1 and October 31. Stores that sell products for the home reported that, on average, their profits increased during this same period. Clearly, consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing. To take advantage of this trend, we should reduce the size of our clothing departments and enlarge our home furnishings and household products departments.”（70或71，版本不同）

提供观点：
1、衣帽部利润↓和家具部利润↑同时发生但不一定有必然联系
2、三个月的时间太短不能用来得出结论
3、过去的趋势不一定能保证未来走向
4、样本不具有代表性
1、A period of three month is too short to draw a general conclusion of the overall trend.
2、The past three months' trend does not guarantee the same in the future.
3、Whether the reports from the local clothing stores and stores that sell products for the home are reliable or not are still open to doubt, thus making the author's suggestion groundless.

来自北美范文：
Based upon sales reports over a three-month period that indicate an increase in profits for stores that sell products for the home and a decrease in profits for clothing stores, the business manager of a department store concludes that consumers are choosing to purchase home furnishings rather than clothing. On the basis of this conclusion, the manager recommends a reduction in the size of the clothing department and an increase in the size of the home-furnishings department. This recommendation is problematic in two critical respects.
In the first place, the author’s conclusion that consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing is based upon too small a sample. Data gathered from a three-month period is insufficient to establish the conclusion drawn from it. It is quite possible that the three-month period chosen is idiosyncratic and not representative of entire year’s sales. If so, reducing the size of the clothing departments and enlarging the home-furnishings departments may be a costly mistake.
In the second place, the data collected during the three month period may be biased. The fact that the data reflects sales in local stores is cause for concern. It is possible that the sales trend in a particular location is not representative of sales in other regions. For example, sales of clothing in Florida during the winter months are likely to be quite different from sales of clothing in Alaska during the same period.
In conclusion, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. A more convincing argument must provide additional sales data, collected at different periods of the year and at different locations, that substantiates the trend in question.

bigpig

5.        一个grocery store 它在新添了一个section后，profit 提高了，所以作者认为提供更多的服务给消费者会带来更大的竞争优势，作者还因此提了建议要在下几年里新开多少多少给消费者维修服务的。。。唉，差不多了

上月机经：7次
AA是说一个grocery今年因为增加了一个什么什么segment之后sales增加了，然后以后几年他还要增加更多的segment。还有说因为他在这个地区是唯一一家，所以competitive advantage很大
原题：The following is part of a business plan created by the management of the Megamart grocery store:
“Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer’s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.”
提供观点：
1、时间关系不能推出因果关系。仅因药品专柜开在销售额增加前，就认为总体销售额增加时其结果，是错误的
2、错误类比。即使销售额增加是由药品专柜开设引起，也不代表开设其他专柜能增加销售额（顾客不一定更关注一条龙购物的便利）
3、增加销售额未必增加利润，增加服务也要增加成本
从北美范文里扒出来一篇
The management of the Megamart grocery store concludes that adding new departments and services is the surest way to increase profits over the next couple of years. They are led to this conclusion because of a 20 percent increase in total sates, realized after the addition of a pharmacy section to the grocery store. On the basis of this experience, they concluded that the convenience of one-stop shopping was the main concern of their customers. The management’s argument is faulty in several respects.
In the first place, the management assumes that the increase in total sales was due to the addition of the pharmacy section. However, the only evidence offered to support this conclusion is the fact that the addition of the pharmacy preceded the increase in sales. But the mere fact that the pharmacy section was added before the increase occurred is insufficient grounds to conclude that it was responsible for the increase. Many other factors could bring about this same result. Lacking a detailed analysis of the source of the sales increase, it would be sheer folly to attribute the increase to the addition of the pharmacy section.
In the second place, even if it were the case that the increase in total sales was due to the addition of the pharmacy section, this fact alone is insufficient to support the claim that adding additional departments will increase sales even further. It is quite possible that the addition of the pharmacy section increased sales simply because there was no other pharmacy in the vicinity. The additional proposed departments and services, on the other hand, might be well represented in the area and their addition might have no impact whatsoever on the profits of the store. In other words, there may be relevant differences between the pharmacy section and the additional proposed sections that preclude them from having a similar effect on the sales of the store.
In conclusion, the management’s argument is not well-reasoned. To strengthen the conclusion, the management must provide additional evidence linking the addition of the pharmacy section to the increase in total sales. It must also show that there are no exceptional reasons for the sales increase due to the pharmacy section that would not apply to the other proposed additions.

bigpig

6.        AA说M当市长的时候population下降失业率上升，两个旧business 没了each 建立new business。。这句没看懂然后而，V当市长是也就是M当市长4年前，人口上升失业率下降，因此要市民投票先V当市长

上月机经 5次
The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”(11)
提供观点：
1.        It is fallacious reasoning unless other possible casual explanations have been considered and ruled out. recession depression downturn低迷时期 is part of a picture of ... mayor
2.        set the stage for Yet another possibility is that Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro's own administration set the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population .
3.        availability emotionally intentionally specific specifically anger angry citizen thereby bypass
4.        cast one's vote for sb. eliminate abolish casual emotional appeal

1，        缺乏standard ratio of the closed business to new business in the whole country, 不能说两个倒闭一个开就是坏事，很可能淘汰eliminate through selection or contest了out of date的企业，建立了更多具有competitive advantages 的企业。也是好事。
2，        未排除他因造成了不同。很可能是因为在P在任期间，全国的经济不景气，造成了事业更增加。而不是两个市长的不同。假定过去和现在一样，也是个错误！recession depression downturn低迷时期

北美范文：
The recommendation endorsed in this argument is that residents of San Perdito vote current mayor Montoya out of office, and re-elect former mayor Varro. The reasons cited are that during Montoya’s four years in office the population has decreased while unemployment has increased, whereas during Varro’s term unemployment declined while the population grew. This argument involves the sort of gross oversimplification and emotional appeal typical of political rhetoric; for this reason it is unconvincing.
First of all, the author assumes that the Montoya administration caused the unemployment in San Perdito as well as its population loss. The line of reasoning is that because Montoya was elected before the rise in unemployment and the decline in population, the former event caused the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps a statewide or nationwide recession is the cause of these events. Or perhaps the current economic downturn is part of a larger picture of economic cycles and trends, and has nothing to do with who happens to be mayor. Yet another possibility is that Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro’s own administration set the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population the city is now experiencing under Montoya.
Secondly, job availability and the economic health of one’s community are issues that affect people emotionally. The argument at hand might have been intentionally oversimplified for the specific purpose of angering citizens of San Perdito, and thereby turning them against the incumbent mayor. Arguments that bypass relevant, complex reasoning in favor of stirring up emotions do nothing to establish their conclusions; they are also unfair to the parties involved.
In conclusion, I would not cast my vote for Varro on the basis of this weak argument. The author must provide support for the assumption that Mayor Montoya has caused San Perdito’s poor economy. Moreover, such support would have to involve examining and eliminating other possible causal factors. Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.

bigpig

7.        AA：题库104：The following appeared as part of a memorandum from the loan department of the Frostbite National Bank:
“We should not approve the business loan application of the local group that wants to open a franchise outlet for the Kool Kone chain of ice cream parlors. Frostbite is known for its cold winters, and cold weather can mean slow ice cream sales. For example, even though Frostbite is a town of 10,000 people, it has only one ice cream spot—the Frigid Cow. Despite the lack of competition, the Frigid Cow’s net revenues fell by 10 percent last winter.”

上月机经 3次
关于贷款给卖雪糕的franchise的。论据是当地的cold winter; only 1 ice cream shop with 10000 population; the icecream shop had a 10% decrease in revenue last year
提供观点：
1.        Other factors in deciding whether to give loan to a company such as the credit of the company should be considered.
2.        Admittedly, the former and prospective performance of the company is also important when the bank has to make decision of whether or not should it give loan to a company. However, the author of the memorandum shows no sufficient evidence to support his or her proposal that the bank should not give loan to Kool Kone chain of ice cream parlors.
3.        The statistics last year does not necessarily denote the future trend.

1，        排除他因，净收入下降的原因是什么？可能是经营不好，草率定价，甚至正因为缺乏竞争导致了这些。
2，        寒冷冬天不等于没有夏天，也不等于夏天短暂。不能说明原因。

北美范文：
In this memorandum the loan department of Frostbite National Bank recommends against approval of a business loan to a local group that wants to open an ice cream parlor. In support of this decision the loan department points out that Frostbite has a reputation for cold winters and sales of ice cream decrease in cold weather. This latter point is buttressed by the fact that Frostbite’s only ice cream parlor suffered a 10 percent decline in net revenues the previous winter. The loan department’s decision is questionable for the following reasons.
To begin with, since it is reasonable to expect a decline in ice cream sales during winter months, it is difficult to assess the relevance of the fact that Frostbite has cold winters to the potential success of the Kool Kone franchise. Common sense suggests that this fact would be significant only if it turned out that Frostbite’s winter season lasted 9 or 10 months as it does in arctic regions. In that case slow sales could be expected for most of the year and the loan department’s opposition to the loan would be readily understandable. If, on the other hand, Frostbite’s winter season lasts only a few months and the remainder of the year is warm or hot, it is difficult to comprehend the loan department’s reasoning.
Next, the loan department assumes that the Frigid Cow’s decline in net revenue last winter was a result of slow sales occasioned by cold weather. While this is a possible reason for the decline, it is not the only factor that could account for it. For example, other factors such as poor business practices or lack of inventory could be responsible for the Frigid Cow’s loss of revenue. The loan department’s failure to investigate or even consider these and other possible explanations for the Frigid Cow’s decline in revenue renders their decision highly suspect.
In conclusion, the loan department’s decision is ill-founded. To better evaluate the decision, we would need to know more about the length and severity of Frostbite’s winter season. Moreover, evidence would have to be provided to support the assumption that the Frigid Cow’s loss of revenue last winter was a direct result of the cold weather.

bigpig

8.        另一个是水果的价格上涨了，农民该负责任。

上月机经 5次
原题：The following is taken from an editorial in a local newspaper.
“Over the past decade, the price per pound of citrus fruit has increased substantially. Eleven years ago, Megamart charged 5 cents apiece for lemons, but today it commonly charges over 30 cents apiece. In only one of these last eleven years was the weather unfavorable for growing citrus crops. Evidently, then, citrus growers have been responsible for the excessive increase in the price of citrus fruit, and strict pricing regulations are needed to prevent them from continuing to inflate prices.”(89)
当地报纸的社论：
过去的10年里，桔类水果的价格实际上上升了。11年前，Megamart每个柠檬要价5分，现在一般要价为30分一个。过去11年只有一年不适合桔类水果生长。显然，柑桔种植者应该对桔类水果价格过度上涨负责。为防止他们继续哄抬价格规范价格规定很有必要。

考古
提供观点：
1，        小范围推大范围。
2，        忽略他因，是否只有一种因素导致价格上升——不适合生长。。。还有，比如环境保护，加工价格上升，人力成本上升，或者单纯的物价上涨。。。monetary inflation, increased distribution and labor costs, or alterations in supply and demand conditions

1，        柠檬缺乏代表性，或者说，柠檬有其特殊性，譬如柠檬都是进口的，比较贵；
2，        天气好不一定代表物价要低，因为种植柑橘的农民已经动用了可用的资源了，产量无法再多了；
3，        是否物价高就是农民肆意抬高的缘故，可能是dealers在其中的作用；
政府是否要介入，虽然价格变贵了，但是targeted customers没有变化，对整个国民经济影响不大
北美范文：
In this editorial the author argues for the imposition of strict pricing regulations in order to prevent citrus growers from continued inflation of prices of citrus fruit. The need for such regulation is supported by the author’s contention that citrus growers have been unnecessarily raising prices of citrus fruit in the past. The evidence for this allegation is the fact that the price of lemons at Megamart has increased from 15 cents per pound to over a dollar a pound during the preceding 11-year period. The author maintains that this increase is unjustifiable because weather conditions have been favorable to citrus production in all but one of those years. This argument is flawed for several reasons.
First and foremost, the author assumes that the only factor that influences the price of citrus fruit is the weather. Other factors such as monetary inflation, increased distribution and labor costs, or alterations in supply and demand conditions are completely ignored as possible sources for the increase. The charge that citrus growers have unnecessarily raised prices can be sustained only if these and other possible factors can be completely ruled out as contributing to the price increases. Since the author fails to address these factors, the recommendation calling for strict pricing regulations can be dismissed out of hand as frivolous.
Second, the author assumes that the only way to combat increased prices is through government intervention. In a free enterprise system many other means of affecting the pricing of goods are available. For example, boycotting a product and thereby influencing supply and demand conditions of the commodity is an effective means of influencing the price of the product. In a free market economy the call for price regulation by the government should occur only when all other means to rectify the problem have been exhausted.
In conclusion, the author’s argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument it would be necessary to show that the only factor influencing the price increases is the growers’ desire for increased profits.

bigpig

9.        AA：在P district有三家店（theater, pizza, golf club）在过去的两年business都increase了，所以I district也想开这三家店，并且I district决定：如果有去其中两家店的顾客，那么去第三家店可以打折，这样 I district 觉得肯定可以contribute to profit and maximize revenue.

上月机经 4次：
一家capital investment company的recommendation：在Park Hill District 开的三家店XX theater，XX playhouse（貌似，反正不重要）和XX Golf Club，两年前盈利increase了，所以作者建议在另一个district也投资新开三家经营范围类似（但品牌不同）的店；另外，采用a program：上前两家消费的顾客在第三家永久享受折扣——那么这三家店每一家都能盈利并且投资公司能赚到钱。
原题：The following appeared as part of the business plan of the Capital Idea investment firm:
“Across town in the Park Hill district, the Thespian Theater, Pizzazz Pizza, and the Niblick Golf Club have all had business increases over the past two years. Capital Idea should therefore invest in the Roxy Playhouse, the Slice-o’- Pizza, and the Divot Golf Club, three new businesses in the Irongate district. As a condition, we should require them to participate in a special program: Any customer who patronizes two of the businesses will receive a substantial discount at the third. By motivating customers to patronize all three, we will thus contribute to the profitability of each and maximize our return.”（2010版题库129）
提供观点：
1、        过去的营业额增长不代表在另一个district开三家店生意能够好，区域之间可能存在差异，错误的类比
2、        推理不充分，这种折扣政策能保证三家店的每一家都盈利么？会不会某一家店承担了过多的折扣？

bigpig

10.         AA：手机生产需要大量的贵金属，而贵金属的价格在过去十年中大幅变动。工厂过去的产量一直在增加，并预计将来也会增加。因此，立即购买大量贵金属会锁定变动并且达到利益最大化。

上月机经 4次
V1.手机厂的重要零件是贵金属,价格波动大,公司应该提前大量购买以确保利润不受损
[V2] 大概就是说有一个叫Cellophone公司作了一个plan，因为过去手机金属原料价格时高时低，现在有一个forecast说以后这个公司的cellphone division要expand而且会有high-volume purchasing，所以说要现在大量买入金属原材料，来lock cost。

考古：
V1说一个cell phone manufacturer， 要买一大批很贵的material 因为怕以后买价格会涨
[v2] AA关于手机和贵金属的关系，贵金属现在越来越贵，然后手机制造者要lock cost of metal，然后增加收益
提供观点：
1、不充分：提前购入不一定能保证利润不受损，因为价格波动可能上浮或下降
2、该贵金属是否在决定手机成本中起重要作用？可能影响甚微