GMAT--770分享-语法比较之总结完全版

haiya

 

1      主语比较... 1

2      主语比较特殊形式... 2

2.1       双重比较：（主语+状语 vs. 主语+状语，一般需要用those，that等）... 2

2.2       整句比较... 3

3      主语比较错误形式(不能用they/it，要用those/that) 4

4      谓语比较... 5

5      状语比较... 5

5.1       状语比较特殊形式... 7

6      宾语比较... 7

7      特殊比较（其实不是比较，看起来像而已）... 7

 

1          主语比较

Prep1-132

A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers do.

可以替换成：

A recent review of pay scales indicates that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio in 1980.

Prep1-161

Unlike the other major planets, Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit and is thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is for 20 years out of every 230-year cycle, even though it is commonly described as the remotest planet in the solar system. （is thus closer than N to the sun）

According to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, aspirin prevents blood clots just as well as a commonly used and more expensive blood-thinning drug does.

Prep1-133 省略谓语

In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling other stars.

Prep1-134 省略谓语，表语后置

Among lower-paid workers, union members are less likely than nonunion members to be enrolled in lower-end insurance plans that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending less time with each.

Prep1-142s 省略谓语，表语后置

According to a 1996 study published in the Journal of Human Resources, Americans of Middle Eastern descent were twice as likely as the average American to be self-employed. （表语后置。to be self-employed as the average American）

GWD6-Q29:

Authoritative parents are more likely than permissive parents to have children who as adolescents are self-confident, high in self-esteem, and responsibly independent.

87.   (29293-!-item-!-188;#058&003892)

Results of a United States study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine have shown that college-educated women and women living in the South and West are significantly more likely to use supplemental hormones than women living in the Northeast and Midwest. (省略谓语)

boussoler

many   thanks !@@@@@@@@@

haiya

 

50.   (27159-!-item-!-188;#058&003134)

Many teenagers undergo stress, but results of a recent study indicate that the patterns of stress that girls experience are more likely to result in depression than are those that boys experience.

34. GWD17-Q34:

No other food available to the birds on Delaware’s beaches is as nutritious and accessible as are crab eggs.(因为谓语单复数不一致，需要补出)

9. GWD31-Q9

Pianist, composer, scholar, and essayist on a variety of learned subjects, Camille Saint-Saens (1835-1921) was among the most gifted and versatile musicians of his time and was, as many of his contemporaries were, deeply interested in Oriental themes. (were还是补出来了，时态不一致)

A study commissioned by the Department of Agriculture showed that if calves exercise and associate with other calves，they require less medication and gain weight more quickly than those raised in confinement.(含义上有歧义的情况下才需要补出动词)

90.   (29271-!-item-!-188;#058&004232)

Diesel engines burn as much as 30 percent less fuel than gasoline engines of comparable size, as well as emitting far less carbon dioxide gas and far fewer of the other gases that have been implicated in global warming. （谓语不补，不能用having been）

71.   (28317-!-item-!-188;#058&003604)

Paper production accounts for approximately 40 percent of the world's industrial use of wood, and the market for paper is growing faster than the market for all other major wood products.

haiya

 

2          主语比较特殊形式

2.1          双重比较：（主语+状语 vs. 主语+状语，一般需要用those，that等）

单纯主语

GWD3-30

Today’s technology allows manufacturers to make small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in production history.（不能用they）

37. GWD25-Q37.

Though the law will require emissions testing of all diesel vehicles, from tractor trailers to excursion buses, it will have no effect on sport utility vehicles, almost all of which are gasoline powered and therefore not subject to emissions-control standards as stringent as those for diesel-powered vehicles.

(as stringent as 修饰standards，后面的those也指代standards，可以改成：not subject to emissions-control standards as stringently as diesel-powered vehicles are，are必须补出来，否则可能表示跟standard进行比较 )

Paper production accounts for approximately 40 percent of the world's industrial use of wood, and the market for paper is growing faster than the market for all other major wood products.

114. (30583-!-item-!-188;#058&004275)s

A study on couples' retirement transitions found that women who took new jobs after retiring from their primary careers reported high marital satisfaction, more so than those who retired completely.

主语加谓语

According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it.

Four times as many Americans were killed as (those that ) would later be killed (比较双方省略，突出比较对象本身。)

Prep2-96.       (29547-!-item-!-188;#058&004302)

There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels:  more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now as was the case  (generated through wind power now than it was ) in 1990. (括号中的部分不对，因为用了it) (可以改成 as was generated in 1990)

Those small domestic mills will take more business from the big American steel mills than (those that) would have been taken by the foreign steel mills in the absense of quotas. (主动、被动比较)

Currently, researchers collect far more background information on patients than (that which) is strictly required for their trials.（省略that which）

GWD7-Q4:

Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies— fewer than have been killed by bee stings.

nearly eight million people，as many as are enrolled in the nation's four-year colleges and universities．(省略了those who)

Prep2-39.       (26492-!-item-!-188;#058&003168)

As is the case with traditional pharmacies, prescriptions are the cornerstone of a successful on-line drugstore, since it is primarily prescriptions that attract the customers, who then also buy other health-related items.

A new genetically engineered papaya was produced not by profit-motivated seed companies, as was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by university and United States Department of Agriculture researchers who allowed growers to use it free of charge.

haiya

 

2.2         整句比较

Possible/necessary/previously thought/会省略be动词，如果前面加了currently，medically等，be动词就不省略了

Prep1-45

Applying a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, scientists have examined molars of prehuman ancestors and determined that their diets were more varied than had been supposed. ( than they had been supposed to be )

Prep1-152

Recent research indicates that two popular arthritis drugs may not be as safe as they were initially believed to be.

Prep1-43

A one-million-year-old skull bearing traits associated with both Homo erectus and Homo sapiens has been found in the Afar region of Eritrea, indicating that modern humans developed much earlier than previously thought. (than people previously thought they develop，or what)

77.   (28689-!-item-!-188;#058&003708)

Scientists have found signs that moving water changed the chemical makeup of the surface of Mars in recent eras and have therefore concluded that the planet's crust harbors up to three times as much water as previously thought.

up to three times as much water as (that which have been )previously thought

GWD7-Q32:

A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as (the economy) some analysts previously thought (to be).

22.   (25727-!-item-!-188;#058&002127)

The company announced that its profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts had expected and that its business would improve in the second half of the year.

at speeds much higher than (those that) are currently possible（状语比较，比较的是主语）

areas that exhibit as many of the critical features as (those that are) possible

haiya

 

3          主语比较错误形式(不能用they/it，要用those/that)

GWD3-Q30:

Today’s technology allows manufacturers to make small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their production history. ( C )

A.      small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their

B.       small cars that are more fuel-efficient than they were at any time in their 不能用they

C.      small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in

D.      more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in their

E.       more fuel-efficient small cars now than at any time in

GWD1-Q16:

Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than (it was) in any previous election.(去掉it was。It指proportion，不对)

一下为别的比较:

34. GWD30-Q34: 正确

Books in European libraries last longer than books in libraries in the United States because, although the climate in Europe is fairly humid, libraries there are not subjected to the extremes of temperature and humidity that damage collections in the United States. 可以的，同一套extremes即damage了欧洲的，也damage了美国的。

haiya

 

4         谓语比较

She received less than she asked for.

1.    (24465-!-item-!-188;#058&000982)

To meet the rapidly rising market demand for fish and seafood, suppliers are growing fish twice as fast as they grow naturally, cutting their feed allotment by nearly half and raising them on special diets.

Prep1-36.       (26371-!-item-!-188;#058&002614)

Thomas Eakins's powerful style and his choices of subject--the advances in modern surgery, the discipline of sport, the strains of individuals in tension with society or even with themselves-- were as disturbing to his own time as they are compelling for ours.

haiya

 

5          状语比较

GWD1-32 状语比较，自己和自己比

To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.

34: GWD-18-Q31 状语比较，自己和自己比

Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.

24.   (25819-!-item-!-188;#058&002130)

Employment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 12 months that ended in September, slightly less than they did in the year that ended in the previous quarter.

There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as there were four years ago.

主谓省略

146. (32521-!-item-!-188;#058&007141)

The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's.

(E) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than （E不对，没有说明是谁的numbers）

GWD1-16

Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than (it was不对，不能用it，而且因为时态一致，可省。有时候用that，这里也是可以省略的) in any previous election.

55.   (27389-!-item-!-188;#058&003179)

Shipwrecks are more likely to be found undisturbed at great depths than in shallow coastal waters, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and are accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether archaeologist, treasure hunter, or sport diver.

106. (30167-!-item-!-188;#058&004112)

Officials at the United States Mint believe that the Sacagawea dollar coin will be used as a substitute for four quarters more than for the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1 grams, far less than four quarters, which weigh 5.67 grams each.

112. (30491-!-item-!-188;#058&004240)

Though certain breeds of dog are renowned for their sense of smell, there is often a greater difference in scenting ability between two members of a single breed than between members of different breeds.

A do sth than usual/everbefore/people expected(这个属于主语比较特殊形式)

GWD-18-Q11

In no other historical sighting did Halley’s comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911.

Prep2-100.     (29731-!-item-!-188;#058&004378)

Patience Lovell Wright, whose traveling waxworks exhibit preceded Madame Tussaud's work by 30 years, became as well known for her eccentric personality as for her skillful wax renderings of popular public figures. (well known as much for her eccentric personality as for her skillful wax renderings of popular public figures)

As well known for a as for b

Well known as much for a as for b

Well known for a as much as for b

They are as likely to occur because of poor monitoring by boards of directors as to be caused by incentive compensation for managers.

Not so much as

One of the primary distinctions between our intelligence and that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill as in our ability to extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different ones.

Q27:TT-GWD 2-30

Most insomnia is not an illness or a physical condition so much as a symptom of another problem that may simply be a reaction to certain medications, anxiety about travel, or stress before a job interview.

Prep2-40.       (26538-!-item-!-188;#058&003184)

According to one expert, the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not so much that dogs are being bred for looks or to meet other narrow criteria as that the breeds have relatively few founding members.

Not so much …as

Not …so much as

haiya

 

5.5          状语比较特殊形式

Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been.

Virtually all patrons of the Pennsylvania restaurants in the study who were given a bill with “Thank you” written on it left a larger tip than they otherwise would have.

If the group faces food scarcity, individuals in the group will reach reproductive maturity later than otherwise.

6          宾语比较

Prep1-153

A recent United States Census Bureau report shows that there are more than three times as many households where the children and grandchildren are living in their grandparents' home as there are households where the grandparents are living in their children's or grandchildren's home.

Prep2-9

The Environmental Protection Agency frequently puts mandatory controls on toxic substances that present as little risk as one chance in a million of causing cancer.

24.   (25819-!-item-!-188;#058&002130)

Employment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 12 months that ended in September, slightly less than they did in the year that ended in the previous quarter.

28. GWD26-Q28 宾语比较

Traffic safety officials predict that drivers will be as likely to exceed the proposed speed limit as they are the current one.

The fitness program would serve more employees who are out of shape than it would employees who are fit.

haiya

 

7          特殊比较（其实不是比较，看起来像而已）

Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.

Prep1-168

An international team of astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter, the solar system's largest planet.

GWD27-Q7:

environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice that emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.

According to the study, children spent an average of 12 hours, 5 minutes a week watching television last year, compared with 15 hours, 12 minutes in 1981.

Q18: GWD4-Q4

A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, that the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.