capsicum

40. More and more computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering are being produced, and it is thus increasingly unnecessary for practicing engineers to have thorough understanding of fundamental mathematical principles. Consequently, in training engineers who will work in industry, less emphasis should be placed on mathematical principles, so that space in the engineering curriculum will be available for other important subjects.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument given for the recommendation above?

A. The effective use of computer program that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering requires an understanding of mathematical principles.
B. Many of the computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering are already in routine use.
C. Development of composites and other such new materials has meant that the curriculum for engineers who will work in industry must allow time for teaching the properties of these materials.
D. Most of the computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering can be run on the types of computers available to most engineering firms.
E. The engineering curriculum already requires that engineering students be familiar with and able to use a variety of computer programs.

Argument: 因为有了解决数学问题的电脑程序，所以工程师不用学数学了
A) Weaken, 因为数学是使用这些电脑程序的必要条件，B) C) D) E) irrelevant

capsicum

41. Raymond Burr played the role of lawyer Perry Mason on television. Burr’s death in 1993 prompted a prominent lawyer to say “Although not a lawyer, Mr. Burr strove for such authenticity that we feel as if we lost one of our own.” This comment from a prestigious attorney provides appalling evidence that, in the face of television, even some legal professionals are losing their ability to distinguish fiction from reality.

The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument

A. takes the views of one lawyer to represent the views of all lawyers
B. criticizes the lawyer rather than the lawyer’s statement
C. presumes that the lawyer is qualified to evaluate the performance of an actor
D. focuses on a famous actor’s portrayal of a lawyer rather than on the usual way in which lawyers are portrayed on television
E. ignores the part of the lawyer’s remark that indicates an awareness of the difference between reality and fiction

用排除法解决。因为A，B，C，D指出的错误原argument并没有犯。

capsicum

42. For next year, the Chef’s Union has requested a 10 percent salary increase for each of its members, whereas the Hotel Managers’ Union has requested only an 8 percent salary increase for each of its members. These facts demonstrate that the average dollar amount of the raises that the Chefs’ Union has requested for next year is greater than that of the raises requested by the Hotel Managers’ Union.

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A. The Chefs’ Union has many more members than does the Hotel Managers’ Union.
B. The Chefs’ Union is a more powerful union than is the Hotel Managers’ Union and is therefore more likely to obtain the salary increases it requests
C. The current salaries of the members of the Chefs’ Union are, on average, higher than the current salaries of the members of the Hotel Managers’ Union
D. The average dollar amount of the raises that the members of the Chefs’ Union received last ear was equal to the average dollar amount of the raises that the members of the Hotel Managers’ Union received
E. The members of the Chefs’ Union received salary increases of 10 percent in each of the last two years, while the members of the Hotel Managers’ Union received salary increases of only 8 percent in each of the last two years

Percentage、基数和绝对值的关系
A. 无关
B. This is out of scope . The topic in the passage has nothing to do with the power of the 2 associations. The topic is only concerned with data analysis.
C. 基数大 （Percentage 大，基数又大，绝对值肯定大了）
D. 无关
E. 无关

capsicum

43. Zoos have served both as educational resources and as entertainment. Unfortunately, removing animals from their natural habitats to stock the earliest zoos reduced certain species’ populations, endangering their survival. Today most new zoo animals are obtained from captive breeding programs, and many zoos now maintain breeding stocks for continued propagation of various species. This makes possible efforts to reestablish endangered species in the wild.
Which one of the following statements is most strongly supported by the information above?
A. Zoos have played an essential role in educating the public about endangered species.
B. Some specimens of endangered species are born and bred in zoos.
C. No zoos exploit wild animals or endanger the survival of species.
D. Nearly all of the animals in zoos today were born in captivity.
E. The main purpose of zoos has shifted from entertainment to education.

参考答案：B
思路：
前提：指出动物园作为教育和娱乐两种目的，但是把动物从大自然装到笼子里减少了一些物种的数量，危及了他们的生存。
假设：现在大多数动物园的动物是通过俘获和饲养得到的，动物园通过此使稀有物种繁殖，从而使自然界的稀有物种能够有效的维持。

A. 文章没有提到，而且与所问的问题没太多相关性。
B. 正确。可以从文章中得到支持。
C. The sentence can not be reached by the passage, actually it is the opposite. From the passage we know that in the past certain species are reduced.
D. 说的是所有的动物，与文章新产生的动物most new zoo animals are obtained from captive breeding programs，范围不一致
E. 文章没有提到这一点。

capsicum

44. Legal theorist: It is unreasonable to incarcerate anyone for any other reason than that he or she is a serious threat to the property or lives of other people. The breaking of a law does not justify incarceration, for lawbreaking proceeds either from ignorance of the law or of the effects of one’s actions, or from the free choice of the lawbreaker. Obviously mere ignorance cannot justify incarcerating a lawbreaker, and even free choice on the part of the lawbreaker fails to justify incarceration, for free choice proceeds from the desires of an agent, and the desires of an agent are products of genetics and environmental conditioning, neither of which is controlled by the agent
The claim in the first sentence of the passage plays which one of the following roles in the argument
A. It is offered as a premise that helps to show that no actions are under the control of the agent
B. It is offered as background information necessary to understand the argument
C. It is offered as the main conclusion that the argument is designed to establish
D. It is offered as evidence for the stated claim that protection of life and property is more important than retribution for past illegal acts
E. It is offered as evidence for the stated claim that lawbreaking proceeds from either ignorance of the law, or ignorance of the effects of one’s actions, or free choice

参考答案：C
思路：第一句指出出了严重危害他人生命和财产之外，其它违反法律的事件而监禁是不合理的结论，而后面的句子结构给出了相应的解释和说明。
A：第一句诗结论不是假设前提。
B：背景信息也不正确，应该是结论。
C：正确，is is offered as the main conclusion.
D：the evidences offered for the argument are stated behind.
E：错误，见D。

capsicum

45. Commissioner: Budget forecasters project a revenue shortfall of a billion dollars in the coming fiscal year. Since there is no feasible way to increase the available funds, our only choice is to decrease expenditures. The plan before you outlines feasible cuts that would yield savings of a billion dollars over the coming fiscal year. We will be able to solve the problem we face, therefore, only if we adopt this plan.
This reasoning in the commissioner’s argument is flawed because this argument
A. relies on information that is far from certain
B. confuses being an adequate solution with being a required solution
C. inappropriately relies on the opinions of experts
D. inappropriately employs language that is vague
E. takes for granted that there is no way to increase available funds

参考答案：B
思路：年度财务预算下一财年收入不足量one billion dollars，由于没有feasible way增加可得资金，只有削减开支。因而只是做了一个如何之间节省10亿美金的计划，it is just a required solution but not adequate maybe.

A：信息不准，错误。
B：正确，见思路分析。
C：不正确的依赖专家观点，无法得出。
D：思路模糊，文章思路是比较的清晰的。
E：前提已经指出没有feasible way，所以E错误。

capsicum

46. Twelve healthy volunteers with the Apo-A-IV-1 gene and twelve healthy volunteers who instead have the Apo-A-IV-2 gene each consumed a standard diet supplemented daily by a high-cholesterol food. A high level of cholesterol in the blood is associated with an increased risk of heart disease. After three weeks, the blood cholesterol levels of the subjects in the second group were unchanged, whereas the blood cholesterol levels of those with the Apo-A-IV-1 gene rose 20 percent.

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?

A. Approximately half the population carries a gene that lowers cholesterol levels.
B. Most of those at risk of heart disease may be able to reduce their risk by adopting a low-cholesterol diet.
C. The bodies of those who have the Apo-A-IV-2 gene excrete cholesterol when blood cholesterol reaches a certain level.
D. The presence of the Apo-A-IV-1 gene seems to indicate that a person has a lower risk of heart disease.
E. The presence of the Apo-A-IV-2 gene may inhibit the elevation of blood cholesterol.

参考思路：试验题类型。用同一种方法对两种事物进行研究，通常考察两种事物对这种方法是否有应激性，是同向还是反向。

A：无关
B：无关
C：与所提供的信息相反
D：无关，
E：正确，inhibit the elevation of blood cholesterol-----〉the blood cholesterol levels of the subjects in the second group were unchanged

capsicum

47. High school students who feel that they are not succeeding in school often drop out before graduating and go to work. Last year, however, the city’s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year’s rate. This is encouraging evidence that the program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.

Which one of the following, if true about the last year, most seriously weakens the argument?

A. There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city.
B. The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they reached high school.
C. As in the preceding year, more high school students remained in school than dropped out.
D. High schools in the city established placement offices to assist their graduates in obtaining employment.
E. The antidropout program was primarily aimed at improving students’ morale in those high schools with the highest dropout rates.

The passage puts forward a phenomenon that last year, however, the city’s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year’s rate; the passage attributes the phenomenon to the explanation that there is some program and the program helps the students’ morale. However if there are other reasons that could explain that mentioned phenomenon, the argument will be seriously weakened.
Choice A, by pointing out that a recession caused a high level of unemployment in the city, explains the phenomenon clearly. Furthermore, Choice A negates the effects of the so-called morale program. The students stay in the school not because they want to, but because they cannot find jobs so they have to stay.
Choice B has nothing to do with the reasoning in the passage because the passage does not deal with anything about the students before they join high school.
Choice C deals with the students remain in high school. However the passage discusses about students who dropped out.
Choice D clarifies what the program did about helping the students. This does not weaken the argument in the passage.
Choice E, just as D, only tells about the content of the program, does not weaken the argument.

看看这句话High school students who feel that they are not succeeding in school often drop out before graduating and go to work.这里是说学生是因为觉得不可能在学校取得成功才辍学找工作的。仅仅是帮助学生找工作不能解决学生的moral问题。因此D没有在根本上削弱。---- 深海的小美人鱼

因为学校成立了 placement offices 来帮助毕业生找工作，所以学生就不退学了
这句话的前提是学校帮不帮忙找工作决定学生退不退学，这在原文中并没有说明。如果单从学生不退学讲，这可以算作是支持。而原文的“drop out before graduating and go to work”的必然前提是学生可以go to work,也就是有地方可去，所以否定这个前提学生就不会退学，因此构成了“就业形势不好，学生就不退学了”这个他因。--- seanql

capsicum

48. The television show Henry was not widely watched until it was scheduled for Tuesday evenings immediately after That’s Life, the most popular show on television. During the year after the move, Henry was consistently one of the ten most-watched shows on television. Since Henry’s recent move to Wednesday evenings, however, it has been watched by far fewer people. We must conclude that Henry was widely watched before the move to Wednesday evenings because it followed That’s Life and not because people especially liked it.

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A. Henry has been on the air for three years, but That’s Life has been on the air for only two years.
B. The show that replaced Henry on Tuesdays has persistently had a low number of viewers in the Tuesday time slot.
C. The show that now follows That’s Life on Tuesdays has double the number of viewers it had before being moved.
D. After its recent move to Wednesday, Henry was aired at the same time as the second most popular show on television.
E. That’s Life was not widely watched during the first year it was aired.

答案：C
思路：直接举证说明原因
A：无关
B：无关
C：直接举证说明原因，紧跟That’s Life的节目观众数量翻番
D：削弱
E：无关

capsicum

Questions 49-50
Joseph: My encyclopedia says that the mathematician Pierre de Fermat died in 1665 without leaving behind any written proof for a theorem that he claimed nonetheless to have proved. Probably this alleged theorem simply cannot be proved, since---as the article points out---no one else has been able to prove it. Therefore it is likely that Fermat was either lying or else mistaken when he made his claim.
Laura: Your encyclopedia is out of date. Recently someone has in fact proved Fermat’s theorem. And since the theorem is provable, your claim---that Fermat was lying or mistaken---clearly is wrong.

49. Joseph’s statement that “this alleged theorem simply cannot be proved” plays which one of the following roles in his argument?

A. an assumption for which no support is offered
B. a subsidiary conclusion on which his argument’s main conclusion is based
C. a potential objection that his argument anticipates and attempts to answer before it is raised
D. the principle claim that his argument is structured to refute
E. background information that neither supports nor undermines his argument’s conclusion

答案：B
思路：
Joseph的论证过程
EVIDENCE1：百科全书说：P宣称已证明某理论，但没有留下任何书面证据。（My encyclopedia says …….have proved.）
EVIDENCE2：没有人能够证明（since…. prove it）
Mid Conclusion：P没有证明他的理论。(EVIDENCE支持得到的中间结论)
Conclusion：P说谎或他的CLAIM错。（由EVIDENCE1和Mid Conclusion得到）