胡子长了

27.=In order to understand the nature/ of the ecologist’s investigation/，we may think of the density-dependent effects/ on growth parameters/ as the "signal"/ ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret/，one that tends to make the population/ increase from relatively low values/ or decrease from relatively high ones/，while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise"/ in the population dynamics.
#为了能理解本质/生态学家们所进行的研究的/，我们可以考虑密度依赖效应/对于增长参数的/作为“信号”的/生态学家们试图将其分离并予以解释的/，（这一信号）倾向于使种群数量/增加从相对较低的数值/，或减少从相对较高的数值/；而与此同时，那些密度独立效应的作用产生“噪音”/在种群动态变化中的。
28.=But the play’s complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible/ is no more "contradictory"/ than Du Bois’ famous，well-considered ideal/ of ethnic self-awareness/ coexisting with human unity/，or Fanon’s emphasis on an ideal internationalism/ that also accommodates national identities and roles.
#但是这部剧的这一复杂观点/把黑人自尊和人类团结看作是和谐的/并不矛盾/比Du Bois的著名的、深思熟虑的理想/民族自觉意识的/共存和人类大同/；或Fanon的强调/对于理想的国际主义/, (这一理想)同样也能兼容民族身份与角色。
29.=Inheritors/ of some of the　viewpoints of early twentieth-century/ Progressive historians/ such as Beard and Becker/，these recent historians/ have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.
#继承者/某些观点的二十世纪早期的/, “进步派”史学家/如Beard和Becker等人/，这些近期的史学家/所提出的观点/它值得我们予以评价。

胡子长了

30.=Despite these vague categories/，one should not claim unequivocally/ that hostility between recognizable classes/ cannot be legitimately observed.
#尽管存在这些模糊的分类/，但我们不应该声称断然地/，敌对态度在各个易于辨认出的阶层之间所存在的/就无法被合理地观察到。

31.=Yet those/ who stress the achievement/ of a general consensus /among the colonists/ cannot fully understand that consensus/ without understanding the conflicts/ that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.
#然而，那些（史学家）/ 他们强调成果/一种普遍的一致意见的/在殖民者之间曾出现的/不能充分理解/这种一致意见/而不理解各种矛盾的存在/(那些矛盾)只有在被克服或压制之后才有可能获得它(那种一致意见)。
32.It can be inferred from the passage/ that the author would be most likely to agree with/ which of the following statements/ regarding socioeconomic class/ and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes/ during the American Revolutionary War?
#可以推断出来从文章中/作者最有可能同意/以下哪一个陈述/关于社会经济各阶层/并且支持叛党和保王党的原因/在美国革命战争中?

胡子长了

33. =Although it has been possible/ to infer from the goods and services/ actually produced/ what manufactures and servicing trades/ thought their customers wanted/，only a study of relevant personal documents/ written by actual consumers/ will provide a precise picture/ of who wanted what/.
#尽管这是有可能的/推知从商品和服务中/实际制造出来的/是什么制造商和服务业/认为他们的顾客所需要的/, 但是只有一番研究对相关的个人文件进行的/由真实的顾客撰写的/能够提供一幅精确的图像/关于“什么样的人”需要 “什么样的东西”。
34.=Such philosophical/ as the mind-body/ problem or，more generally/，the nature of human knowledge/ they believe/，are basic human questions/ whose tentative philosophical solutions/ have served as the necessary foundations/ on which all other intellectual speculation/ has rested.
#这样的哲学问题/如灵与肉的问题/，或更普遍而言/，人类知识的本质/他们相信/，都是一些基本的人类问题/其探索性的哲学答案/已经成为必要的基础/在其上所有其他的智力思辩/建立。
35.=The idea of an autonomous discipline/ called "philosophy"/， distinct from/ and sitting in judgment/ on such pursuits/ as theology and science turns out/，on close examination/，to be of quite recent origin.
#这种观点一种独立学科的/被称为“哲学”/，有别于/并高高在上地进行评判/按这种方法追寻下去/神学和科学诸般学科结果/，细作审视，我们便不难发现/，（其渊源）是极为近期的事。

胡子长了

36.=But the recent discovery of detailed similarities/ in the skeletal structure of the flippers/ in all three groups/ undermines the attempt/ to explain away superficial resemblance/ as due to convergent　　evolution/—the independent development of similarities/ between unrelated groups/ in response to similar environmental pressures.
#但是，最近的发现细节上的共同点/对骨骼结构鳍肢的/在所有这三类动物身上/，足以削弱这样一种企图/即解释把表面上的相似/当成趋同进化所致的结果/—（而所谓的趋同进化是指）彼此独立的相似特征/在互不相关的生物种群之间/作出反应对于类似的环境压力/。
37.=Human genes/ contain too little information/ even to specify/ which hemisphere of the brain/ each of a human’s 10’’ neurons/ should occupy/，let alone the hundreds of connections/ that each neuron makes/.
#人类因基/包含如此之少的信息/，甚至于不能去确定/大脑的哪个半脑/人类的10个神经细胞中/(哪一个细胞)应占据/，更不用说成千上万的连接/每个神经细胞所形成的。
38.=These questions are political/ in the sense/ that the debate over them/ will inevitably be/ less an exploration/ of abstract matters/ in a spirit of disinterested inquiry/ than an academic power struggle/ in which the careers and professional fortunes/ of many women scholars/—only now entering the academic profession/ in substantial numbers/—will be at stake/，and with them/ the chances for a distinctive contribution/ to humanistic understanding/，a contribution/ that might be an important influence/ against sexism in our society.
#这些问题带有政治色彩/从这一点上讲/这些辩论围绕这些问题展开的/将不可避免地与其说是一种探索/对抽象问题的/在客观冷静的科研精神指导下/，倒不如说是一种学术上的权力斗争/在此斗争中, 职业生涯和学术命运/许多女学者的/——只是在现在才开始进入学术界/以众多的人数/——将前途未卜/，与她们相伴随的/是机遇去作出一种独特贡献/对人文理解的/，这一贡献/则很有可能成为一个重要影响/消除性别主义在我们社会中所存在的。

胡子长了

39.=In experiments/，an injection of cytoplasm/ from dextral eggs/ changes the pattern of sinistral eggs/，but an injection/ from sinistral eggs/ does not influence dextral eggs.
#在实验中/，一个注射对细胞质进行的/取自右旋卵子的/，可以改变模式左旋卵子的/；但是一个注射(对细胞质进行的)/取自左旋卵子的/却不能影响到右旋卵子。
40.=Recently/ some scientists have concluded/ that meteorites/ found on Earth/ and long believed to have a Martian origin/ might actually have been blasted free of Mars’s gravity/ by the impact on Mars of other meteorites.
#最近/，某些科学家得出结论认为/，那些陨石/在地球上发现的/并一直被相信源自火星的/，有可能实际上是被震动而离开火星的重力作用范围/由于其它的陨石撞击火星。
41.=Under the force of this view/，it was perhaps inevitable/ that the art of rhetoric/ should pass from the status/ of being regarded as of questionable worth/—because/ although it might be both a source of pleasure/ and a means to urge people/ to right action/，it might also be a means to distort truth/ and a source of misguided action/—to the status/ of being wholly condemned/.
#在这种观点的力量作用下/，这可能是不可避免的/修辞艺术/应该从这样一种地位/被视为具有让人怀疑的价值—因为/尽管它既有可能是一个快乐的源泉/和一个手段推动人们/去做正确的事情的/,它也有可能成为一种手段歪曲事实的/和一个来源误导行为的/—转变到这样的地位/彻底地遭谴责的。

胡子长了

42.=None of these translations/ to screen and stage/，however/，dramatize the anarchy/ at the conclusion of A Connecticut Yankee/，which ends with the violent overthrow/ of Morgan’s three-year-old progressive order/ and his return to the nineteenth century/，where he apparently commits suicide/ after being labeled a lunatic/ for his incoherent babblings/ about drawbridges and battlements.
#没有任何一部作品在所有这些改编的作品中/被搬上银幕和舞台的/，然而/，能生动地再现无政府状态／，在结尾处《康乃涅克州的美国佬》（A Connecticut Yankee）的／，原作以如下情节为结尾／摩根为期三年之久的进步秩序被暴力推翻／他又重返于十九世纪／，在那里他显然自杀身亡／在被列为疯子之后／由于他的那些语无伦次的蠢话／关于吊桥和城垛的。
43.=Calculations/ of the density of alloys/ based on Bernal-type models/ of the alloys metal component/ agreed fairly well with the experimentally determined values/ from measurements on alloys/ consisting of a noble metal/ together with a metalloid/，such as alloys of palladium and silicon/，or alloys/ consisting of iron，phosphorus，and carbon/，although small discrepancies remained/.
#计算/合金的密度/在这个基础上伯纳尔所建立的模型/旨在研究合金中金属成分/保持一致和通过实验确定的数据/从一些合金的测量研究中得到的/包括一种贵金属和和一种准金属/，例如，钯和硅的合金/，或者是合金由铁、磷、和碳组成的/，尽管一些细小的差异依然存在。
44.=It is now established/ that the Milky Way is far more extended/ and of much greater mass/ than was hitherto thought.
#这现在已被人们公认了/银河系是更加浩瀚广阔的/并且质量远大的多/比迄今为止所想象的（情况）。

胡子长了

45.＝And Walzer advocates／ as the means／ of eliminating this tyranny／ and of restoring genuine equality／ "the abolition of the power of money／ outside its sphere" ．
＃Walzer赞成／作为这样的手段／消除这种专制暴政／和恢复真正平等的／“废除金钱的权利／在其范围之外的” 。
46.＝Is it not tyrannical／，in Pascal’s sense／，to insist／ that those who excel in "sensitivity"／ or "the ability to express compassion"／ merit equal wealth／ with those who excel in qualities （such as　"the capacity for hard work"）／essential in producing wealth？
＃这难道不是专制暴政／，按Pascal的想法／，如果坚持认为／那些人擅长“敏感”／或者擅长“这种能力表达怜悯之心”／，应获取同等的物质财富／与那些擅长这些品质（诸如“勤奋工作的能力”）／这些品质是本质的在物质财富创造过程中？
47.＝Yet Waizer’s argument／，however deficient／，does point to one of the most serious weak-nesses of capitalism／，namely／，that it brings to predominant positions／ in a society／ people who／，no matter how legitimately／ they have earned their material rewards／，often lack those　other qualities／ that evoke affection or admiration.
＃然而，Waizer’s的观点／，无论多么不充分／，确实指出了最严重的一个弱点资本主义的／，也就是／，它置于显赫的位置／在一个社会中／将某一类人／，这类人／无论以怎样合法的方式／他们获得了他们的物质补偿／，常常缺乏其它那些品质／能唤起他人受戴和钦佩。

胡子长了

48.＝The appreciation／ of traditional oral American Indian literature／ has been limited，hampered／ by poor translations／ and by the difficulty／，even in the rare culturally sensitive／ and aesthetically　satisfying translation／，of completely conveying the original’s verse structure，tone，and syntax／.
＃欣赏／对传统的口头的美国印第安人文学的／，一直被限制和妨碍／由于质量低劣的翻译／和这个困难／，即使是在那种不可多得的体现着文化敏感／，又在美学上令人满意的译作／，难以完全传递出原作的诗体结构、语调和语义。
49.＝Mores／，which embodied each culture’s ideal principles／ for governing every citizen／，were developed in the belief／ that the foundation of a community／ lies in the cultivation of individual powers／to be placed in service／ to the community.
＃“风俗习惯”／，它体现了每一文化的理想标准／为了制约每个公民／，是发展起来的在这种信仰中／即这个基础一个社会的／在于个人能力的培养／并置于服务之中对社会的。
50.＝Only in the case of　the February Revolution／ do we lack　a useful description of participants／　that might characterize it／ in the light of what social history has taught us／ about the process of revolutionary mobilization.
＃只有在这种情况下二月革命／我们缺乏一种有效的描述对于参加者的／而这一描述则有可能给这场革命的定性／按照社会历史所教给我们的东西／关于这个过程革命流动的。

胡子长了

51.＝Anthropologists and others／ are on much firmer ground／ when they attempt to describe the　cultural norms／ for a small homogeneous tribe or village／ than when they undertake the formidable task／ of discovering the norms／ that exist in a complex modern nation state／ composed of many disparate groups.
＃人类学家和其他人／会变得更加严厉／当这个时候他们试图去描述这个文化标准／对一个小的性质相同的部落或村落／，比这个时候他们去从事一项艰巨的任务／即去揭示一个文化标准／它存在于一个复杂现代的国度／组成是由许多彼此间毫无联系的群体。
52.＝It has thus generally been／ by way of the emphasis／ on oral literary creativity／ that these Chicano writers／，whose English language works are sometimes uninspired／，developed the powerful and arresting language／ that characterized their Spanish-language works／.
＃一般而言，正是／通过强调／对口头文学创造性的／，这些Chicano作家／，他们的英语作品有时显得缺乏灵感／，发展了这种强有力的和有吸引力的语言／它构成了特征他们西班牙语作品的。
53.＝To measure them properly／，monitoring equipment／ would have to be laid out／ on a grid／ at intervals of at most 50 kilometers／，with sensors／ at each grid point／ lowered deep in the ocean／ and kept there for many months／.
＃为了测量它们恰当地／，监测设备／将必须被设置／在一网络上／在这样的间距中最多为五十公里／，带有感应器／位于每个网点上／放置在海洋深处／并一直固定在那里在许多个月中。

胡子长了

54.＝This declaration／，which was echoed in the text of the Fourteenth Amendment／，was designed primarily／　to counter the Supreme Court’s ruling／ in Dred Scott v. Sandford／ that Black people in the United States／ could be denied citizenship.
＃这一宣言／，它被复述在文本中第十四条修正案的／，主要是为了对抗最高法院的判决／在“Dred Scott诉Sandford”一案中／，（此判决裁定）黑人在美国的／可被剥夺公民权。
55.＝The broad language of the amendment／ strongly suggests／ that its framers／ were proposing to write into the Constitution／ not a laundry list／ of specific civil rights／ but a principle of equal citizen-ship／ that forbids organized society／ from treating any individual／ as a member of an inferior class.
＃笼统的语言第十四条修正案的／强烈地暗示／其制定者／想要载入宪法的／不是一张清单／关于具体民法的／，而是一种原则／平等的公民权的／，这一原则禁止有组织的社团／对待任何一个个人／作为一个成员低等阶层的。
56.＝This　doctrine／ has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment／ to other，nonracial forms of discrimination／，for while some justices／ have refused to find／，any legislative　classification／ other than race／ to be constitutionally disfavored／，most have been receptive to arguments／ that at least some nonracial discriminations／，sexual Discrimination in particular／，are "suspect" and deserve this heightened scrutiny／ by the courts.
＃这一信条／已经扩展了适用范围第十四条修正案的／到其它的、非种族形式的歧视／，因为虽然某些法官／拒绝去发现／，任何法律上的分类／除种族以外的／被裁定为非法的／，但绝大多数法官已经接受了这样的论点／即至少某些非种族性质的歧视／，尤其是性别歧视／，是“值得怀疑的”／并且应该接受更高程度的审查／由法庭实施的。