OG的解释中涉及了对第一段的部分理解了，供参考，或许有用：
43.
A is the best answer. In the second paragraph, the author gives the percentages of workers who
were unionized in different categories of the public sector in 1977.
Forty-six percent of government professionals were unionized; this is greater than the percentage
for any of the other categories of unionized workers from among the listed categories of
public-sector workers. Therefore, professionals were more likely to belong to unions than were
other public-sector workers.
44.
E is the best answer. In lines 17-24, the author describes the reasoning behind the
multioccupational unions’ attempt to achieve a fully unionized workplace. This reasoning is
provided to explain why “the multioccupational unions would often try to organize them <clerical
workers> regardless of the workers’ initial receptivity”(lines 15-17).
A helps to explain, but is not explained by, the attempt to achieve a fully unionized work force. An
explanation for C is given in lines 4-7. B and D are explained in the second and third paragraphs
of the passage.
45.
E is the best answer.
The question asks what would strengthen the author’s claim that a new strategy for unionization
has emerged since the mid-1970’s. Lines 30-31 cite the appearance of the new strategy. The
paragraphs that follow describe the changed circumstances that provided a context for such new
strategies. Lines 70-76 explain precisely how these changed circumstances created a reason for
new unionizing strategies. The author’s claim would be strengthened if it could be shown not only
that there are such new circumstances, but that the old circumstances discussed in the first
paragraph have become less important, further necessitating the adoption of a new strategy in
place of an old strategy suitable to those older circumstances.
46.
B is the best answer.
In the first paragraph, the author describes the considerations relevant to a union’s attempt to
organize a certain group of clerical workers prior to 1975.
In lines 2-3, the author notes the fact that most of these clerical workers were women, but does not
suggest that this was an important consideration for unionizers.
47.
319
C is the best answer.
According to the author, “the women’s movement has succeeded in legitimizing the economic and
political activism of women on their own behalf,” and this in turn has produced in women “a more
positive attitude toward unions”(lines 56-60).
Although other choices describe developments mentioned in the passage, none of these are said to
have been a consequence of the women’s movement.
48.
D is the best answer.
In the first paragraph of the passage, the author asserts that efforts to unionize public-sector
clerical workers prior to 1975 were limited and then goes on to describe these limited efforts. In
the second paragraph, the author asserts that a new strategy developed after 1975 and cites an
increase in union membership among public-sector clerical workers. The author begins the last
paragraph by asking what can explain this increase in union membership, and then proceeds to
provide an explanation. Thus, the passage is primarily concerned with analyzing and explaining
the increase in unionization among public-sector clerical workers. | 
