23. A ten-year comparison between the US and the Soviet Union in terms of crop yields per acre revealed that when only planted acreage is compared, Soviet yields are equal to 68 percent of US yields. When total agricultural acreage (planted acreage plus fallow acreage) is compared, however, Soviet yield is 114 percent of US yield.
From the information above, which of the following can be most reliably inferred about US and Soviet, agriculture during the ten-year period?
(A)A higher percentage of total agricultural acreage was fallow in the US than in the Soviet Union.
(B)The US had more fallow acreage than planted acreage.
(C)Fewer total acres if agricultural land were fallow in the Soviet Union than in the US.
(D)The Soviet Union had more planted acreage than fallow acreage.
(E)The Soviet Union produced a greater volume crops than the US produced.
A):A
31.Less than 50 percent of a certain tropical country’s wildlands remains intact. Efforts are under way to restore biological diversity in that country by restoring some destroyed wild habits and extending some relatively intact portions of forests. However, opponents argue that these efforts are not needed because there is still plenty of wildland left.
Which of the following, if true, most significantly weakens the argument of the opponents of conservation efforts?
(A)As much, if not more, effort is required to restore a wild habitat as to preserve an intact habitat.
(B)The opponents of restoration efforts are, for the most part, members of the wealthier classes in their own villages and cities.
(C)Existing conservation laws have been very effective in preserving biological diversity within the wildlands that remain intact.
(D)For many tropical species native to that country, the tropical wildlands that are still relatively intact do not provide appropriate habitats for reproduction.
(E)If a suitable population of plants and animals is introduced and is permitted to disperse and grow, tropical habitats can most certainly be restored.
A)
32.Every discovery in modern physics has been stated in terms of sophisticated mathematical concepts. But such concepts are simply devices created by the human mind to manipulate experience; they cannot duplicate reality. Thus, modern physics is merely an ingenious set of fictions, and as such it cannot provide an insight into the way the world works.
Which of the following is the strongest argument against the position taken in the passage above?
(A)There is no reason to state that the human mind should not attempt to manipulate experience.
(B)There is no reason to state that fictions cannot provide in sight into reality.
(C)The same dependence on mathematics is found in biochemistry as in physics.
(D)Ancient physics did not employ sophisticated mathematics.
(E)Mathematics is not supposed to duplicate reality but should be pursued for its own sake.
A):B
33.Nursing homes range from 3 to 5 stories in height. If a nursing-home room is above 1st floor, it has a fire escape.
If the statement above are true, which of the following must also be true?
(A)1st floor rooms in nursing homes do not have fire escapes.
(B)Fire escapes are allowed but not required for 1st floor rooms in nursing homes.
(C)Some nursing homes have no fire escapes.
(D)Not all nursing homes have proper fire escapes.
(E)2nd rooms in nursing homes have fire escapes.
A):E
34.Each of the academic journals THOUGHT and ERGO has a review committee to prevent misattributed quotations from appearing in its published articles. Nevertheless, about 10 percent of the quotations in THOUGHT’s published articles are misattributed, whereas ERGO contains no misattributions. ERGO’s committee is more effective, therefore, than THOUGHT’s at finding misattributed quotations.
The argument above assumes that
(A)most of the articles submitted to THOUGHT for publication contain misattributed quotations
(B)there are at least some misattributed quotations in articles submitted to ERGO for publication
(C)the members of ERGO’s committee are, on the whole, more knowledgeable than are the members of THOUGHT’s committee.
(D)the number of misattributed quotations ina journal is an accurate measure of how carefully that journal is edited.
(E)the authors who submit articles to ERGO for publication are more thorough in attributing quotations than are the authors who submit articles to THOUGHT.
A):B
38.To many environmentalists, the extinction of plants---accompanied by the increasing genetic uniformity of species of food crops---is the single most serious environmental problem. Something must be done to prevent the loss of wild food plants or no-longer-cultivated food plants. Otherwise, the lack of genetic diversity could allow a significant portion of a major crop to be destroyed overnight. In 1970, for example, southern leaf blight destroyed approximately 20 percent of the US corn crop, leaving very few varieties of corn unaffected in the areas over which the disease had spread.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage above?
(A)Susceptibility to certain plant disease is genetically determined.
(B)80 percent of the corn grown in the US is resistant to southern leaf blight.
(C)The extinction of wild food plants can in almost every case be traced to destructive plant diseases.
(D)Plant breeders focus on developing plants that are resistant to plant diseases.
(E)Corn is the only food crop threatened by southern leaf blight.
A):A
39.Many pregnant women suffer from vitamin deficiency, but this is frequently not due to vitamin deficiency in their diets; most often it is because they have higher requirements for vitamins than do the rest of the population.
The best criticism of the reasoning in the statement above is that it
(A)fails to specify the percentage of pregnant women who suffer from vitamin deficiency.
(B)gives insufficient information about why pregnant women have higher vitamin requirements than do other groups.
(C)fails to employ the same reference group for both uses of the term “vitamin deficiency”
(D)provides insufficient information about the incidence of vitamin deficiency in other groups with high vitamin requirements.
(E)uses “higher requirements” in an ambiguous manner.
A):C [P.9, Q4]
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