6. Ross: The profitability of Company X, restored to private ownership five years ago, is clear evidence that businesses will always fare better under private than under public ownership.
Julia: Wrong. A close look at the records shows that X has been profitable since the appointment of a first-class manager, which happened while X was still in the public sector.
Which of the following best describes the weak point in Ross’s claim on which Julia’s response focuses?
A) The evidence Ross cites comes from only a single observed case, that of Company X.
B) The profitability of Company X might be only temporary.
C) Ross’s statement leaves open the possibility that the cause he cites came after the effect he attributes to it.
D) No mention is made of companies that are partly government owned and partly privately owned.
E) No exact figures are given for the current profits of Company X.
14. Federal agricultural programs aimed at benefiting one group whose livelihood depends on farming often end up harming another such group.
Which of the following statement provides support for the claim above?
I. An effort to help feed-grain producers resulted in higher prices for their crops, but the higher prices decreased the profits of livestock producers.
II. In order to reduce crop surpluses and increase prices, growers of certain crops were paid to leave a portion of their land idle, but the reduction was not achieved because improvements in efficiency resulted in higher production on the land in use.
III. Many farm workers were put out of work when a program meant to raise the price of grain provided grain growers with an incentive to reduce production by giving them surplus grain from government reserves.
A) I, but not II and not III
B) II, but not I and not III
C) I and III, but not II
D) II and III, but not I
E) I, II and III
31. Statement of a United States copper mining company: Import quotas should be imposed on the less expensive copper mined outside the country to maintain the price of copper in this country; otherwise, our companies will not be able to stay in business.
Response of a United States copper wire manufacturer: United States wire and cable manufactures purchase about 70 percent of the cooper mined in the United States. If the cooper prices we pay are not at the international level, our sales will drop, and then the demand for United States copper will go down.
If the factual information presented by both companies is accurate, the best assessment of the logical relationship between the two arguments is that the wire manufacturer’s argument
A) is self-serving and irrelevant to the proposal of the mining company
B) is circular, presupposing what it seeks to prove about the proposal of the mining company
C) shows that the proposal of the mining company would have a negative effect on the mining company’s own business.
D) Fails to give a reason why the proposal of the mining company should not be put into effect to alleviate the concern of the mining company for staying in business.
E) Establishes that even the mining company’s businesses will prosper if the mining company’s proposal is rejected.
58. Teresa: Manned spaceflight does not have a future, since it cannot compete economically with other means of accomplishing the objectives of spaceflight.
Edward: No mode of human transportation has a better record of reliability: two accidents in twenty-five years. Thus manned spaceflight definitely has a positive future.
Which of the following is the best logical evaluation of Edward’s argument as a response to Teresa’s argument?
A) It cites evidence that, if true, tends to disprove the evidence cited by Teresa in drawing her conclusion.
B) It indicates a logical gap in the support that Teresa offers for her conclusion.
C) It raises a consideration that outweighs the argument Teresa makes.
D) It does not meet Teresa’s point because I assume that there is no serious impediment to transporting people into space, but this was the issue raised by Teresa.
E) It fails to respond to Teresa’s argument because it doesn’t address the fundamental issue of whether space activities should have priority over other claims on the national budget.
61. One state adds a 7 percent sales tax to the price of most products purchased within its jurisdiction. This tax, therefore, if viewed as tax on income, has the reverse effect of the federal income tax: the lower the income, the higher the annual percentage rate at which the income is taxed.
The conclusion above would be properly drawn if which of the following were assumed as a premise?
A) The amount of money citizens spend on products subject to the state tax tends to be equal across income levels.
B) The federal income tax favors citizens with high incomes, whereas the state sales tax favors citizens with low incomes.
C) Citizens with low annual incomes can afford to pay a relatively higher percentage of their incomes in state sales tax, since their federal income tax is relatively low.
D) The lower a state’s sales tax, the more it will tend to redistribute income from the more affluent citizens to the rest of society.
E) Citizens who fail to earn federally taxable income are also exempt from the state sales tax.作者: genre_wu 时间: 2003-3-26 23:48
Thanks alot!
6. 我只想从逻辑角度来理解为什么C正确。
ROSS：Reason: resore to private. Result: fare better
Julia: Reason: first-class manager. Result: profitable
Question: describe the weak point in Ross's cliaim on which Juila's response focuses.
14. end up harming another such group是“伤害另一个这样的GROUP ”的意思？end up 怎么讲？作者: 回家过年 时间: 2003-3-28 00:24
6. 非常同意liangqi
Julia: Wrong. A close look at the records shows that X has been profitable since the appointment of a first-class manager, which happened while X was still in the public sector.
X自从任命了一流经理就开始盈利，此时X还是公有。
C) Ross’s statement leaves open the possibility that the cause he cites came after the effect he attributes to it.R没有解决可能性（她所说的原因发生在在引起该原因的影响以前）
直接否定前提（原因）的正确性。其实削弱答案不止它因。
14. 只能这么理解end up doing 结果导致， end up with doing 以。。。结束
31.C) shows that the proposal of the mining company would have a negative effect on the mining company’s own business.
假设wire's argument 显示： mining的提议（最终）对她本身不利。
提干的最明显假设就是If the cooper prices we pay are not at the international level, our sales will drop, and then the demand for United States copper will go down.最后一句铜的需求下降会使mining company“will not be able to stay in business.”
58.逻辑应用技法：D) It does not meet Teresa’s point because I assume that there is no serious impediment to transporting people into space, but this was the issue raised by Teresa. 。。。T假设没有严重的阻碍（包括经济因素）载人飞船上天，但该假设就是T所要讨论的问题。
T说载人飞船没前景，因为经济上的原因。
E说其他的也比（载人）好不到哪去（都一样）因此载人好。
