4. The theory of military deterrence was based on a simple psychological truth, that fear of retaliation makes a would be a aggressor nation hesitate before attacking and is often sufficient to deter it altogether from attacking. Clearly, then to maintain military deterrence, a nation would have to believed to have retaliatory power so great that a potential aggressor nation would have reason to think that it could not defend itself against such retaliation.
If the statements above are true, which one of the following can be properly inferred?
(A) A would-be aggressor nation can be deterred from attacking only if it has certain knowledge that it would be destroyed in retaliation by the country it attacks.
(B) A nation will not attack another nation if it believes that its own retaliatory power surpasses that of the other nation.
(C) One nation's failing to attack another establishes that the nation that fails to attack believes that it could not withstand a retaliatory attack from the other nation.
(D) It is in the interests of a nation that seeks deterrence and has unsurpassed military power to let potential aggressors against it become aware of its power of retaliatory attack.
(E) Maintaining maximum deterrence from aggression by other nations requires that a nation maintain a retaliatory force greater than that of any other nation.
答案,我觉得A,C,E都好,D提了原文没有的东西(the interest of the nation)
9. Fines levied against those responsible for certain environmentally damaging accidents are now so high that it costs a company responsible for such an accident more to pay the fine than it would have cost to adopt measures that would have prevented the accident. Therefore, since businesses value their profits, those that might have such accidents will now install adequate environmental safeguards
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
(A) Businesses generally greatly underestimate the risk of future accidents.
(B) Businesses are as concerned with long-term as they are with short-term strategies for maximizing profits.
(C) Businesses generally do the environmentally "right" thing only if doing so makes good business sense.
(D) Businesses treat fines that are levied against them as an ordinary business expense.
(E) Businesses are learning to exploit the public's environmental awareness in promoting themselves.
答案:A,我选D , 因为D削弱了原文的假设:公司会重视fine
17. It is the mark of a superior conductor that he or she has the authority to insist, even with a top orchestra, that rehearsal work must be intensified. This authority cannot simply be claimed, the conductor must earn it by winning the orchestra's respect for the artistic interpretations he or she is currently pursuing.
In taking the position outlined, the author presupposes which one of the following?
(A) Superior conductors devise different interpretations of composition for each orchestra with which they perform it.
(B) Superior conductors are perfectionists who are never satisfied with any performance even by a top orchestra.
(C) Top orchestras are always ready to put in additional work on rehearsals if the conductor considers additional rehearsing necessary.
(D) Top orchestras can appreciate the merits of an interpretation even before they have brought it to full realization.
(E) Even top orchestras are not always led by superior conductors.
答案
19. Train service suffers when a railroad combines commuter and freight service. By dividing its attention between its freight and commuter customers, a railroad serves neither particularly well. Therefore, if a railroad is going to be a successful business, then it must concentrate exclusively on one of these two markets.
For the argument to be logically correct, it must make which one of the following assumptions?
(A) Commuter and freight service have little in common with each other.
(B) The first priority of a railroad is to be a successful business.
(C) Unless a railroad serves its customers well, it will not be a successful business.
(D) If a railroad concentrates on commuter service, it will be a successful business.
(E) Railroad commuters rarely want freight service as well.
答案:C,我选了A,结论是:铁路要成功,只能齐中两个市场中的一个,A:C/F没有共同性,不能同时顾及,不是更好吗?
21. The energy an animal must expend to move uphill is proportional to its body weight, whereas the animal's energy output available to perform this task is proportional to its surface area. This is the reason that small animals, like squirrel, can run up a tree trunk almost as fast as they can move on level ground, whereas large animals tend to slow down when they are moving uphill
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the explanation above depends?
A) The amount of energy needed to move uphill is no greater for large animals that it is for small animals.
(B) Small animals can move more rapidly than large animals can.
(C) The ratio of surface area to body weight is smaller in large animals than it is in small animals.
(D) There is little variation in the ratio of energy output to body weight among animals.
(E) The amount of energy needed to run at a given speed is proportional to the surface area of the running animal.
4. 我看了半天would是什么意思,我一开始以为拼错了,是wound? 原来下面有would-on.
排除A: only if, certain knowledge
排除C: another , the other好像出现了第三国.
排除E: 根据题意,只要担心自己进攻的国家就好了,any other nation不对.
D: Clearly, then to maintain military deterrence, a nation would have to 明显是个建议(因为有利).
归纳题无关词排除: 不能出现本质不同的新概念, 这个interest是有点无关(不过都表达了一个意图,一个说应该,一个说有利),不过我们要灵活啦,我觉得从语气意思上这个答案没问题.
9. A 是我的选择,我喜欢. 否定前提.
D business treat fines 我不知道是什么罚款,可能是大吃大喝?反正跟环境罚款没关系.
17. D 是我的选择,我喜欢. 提干我只看懂了大概, 一个牛指挥可以强行要求乐队即使最好的乐队预演. 牛逼不是吹的,要证明给大家看,要给大家伙解释. 问:要抓文章主干,作者假设什么? D:吹鼓手们能在他们能完全搞懂前就感觉到解释的精彩. 意思上不是特别清楚,不过跟其他的比起来这个好到非常.
19. C 是我的选择,我喜欢. A: 关键在于没有一点共性, 反过来只有一点共性并不能削弱. 照样两头都顾不好.
4. 我看了半天would是什么意思,我一开始以为拼错了,是wound? 原来下面有would-on.
排除A: only if, certain knowledge
排除C: another , the other好像出现了第三国.
排除E: 根据题意,只要担心自己进攻的国家就好了,any other nation不对.
D: Clearly, then to maintain military deterrence, a nation would have to 明显是个建议(因为有利).
归纳题无关词排除: 不能出现本质不同的新概念, 这个interest是有点无关(不过都表达了一个意图,一个说应该,一个说有利),不过我们要灵活啦,我觉得从语气意思上这个答案没问题.
9. A 是我的选择,我喜欢. 否定前提.
D business treat fines 我不知道是什么罚款,可能是大吃大喝?反正跟环境罚款没关系.
17. D 是我的选择,我喜欢. 提干我只看懂了大概, 一个牛指挥可以强行要求乐队即使最好的乐队预演. 牛逼不是吹的,要证明给大家看,要给大家伙解释. 问:要抓文章主干,作者假设什么? D:吹鼓手们能在他们能完全搞懂前就感觉到解释的精彩. 意思上不是特别清楚,不过跟其他的比起来这个好到非常.
19. C 是我的选择,我喜欢. A: 关键在于没有一点共性, 反过来只有一点共性并不能削弱. 照样两头都顾不好.
9， 应该是直接削弱结论，而不是否定前提。
结论：those that might have such accidents will now install adequate environmental safeguards
A：Businesses generally greatly underestimate the risk of future accidents.
,我觉得A,C,E都好,D提了原文没有的东西(the interest of the nation)