19. The proposal to extend clinical trials, which are routinely used as systematic tests of pharmaceutical innovations, to new surgical procedures should not be implemented. The point is that surgical procedures differ in one important respect from medicinal drugs: a correctly prescribed drug depends for its effectiveness only on the drug's composition, whereas the effectiveness of even the most appropriate surgical procedure is transparently related to the skills of the surgeon who uses it.
The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument
(A) does not consider that new surgical procedures might be found to be intrinsically more harmful than the best treatment previously available
(B) ignores the possibility that the challenged proposal is deliberately crude in a way designed to elicit criticism to be used in relining the proposal
(C) assumes that a surgeon's skills remain unchanged throughout the surgeon's professional life
(D) describes a dissimilarity without citing any scientific evidence for the existence of that dissimilarity
(E) rejects a proposal presumably advanced in good faith without acknowledging any such good faith .
Ans: A
21. When the supply of a given resource dwindles, alternative technologies allowing the use of different resources develop, and demand for the resource that was in short supply naturally declines. Then the existing supplies of that resource satisfy whatever demand remains. Among the once-dwindling resources that are now in more than adequate supply are flint for arrowheads, trees usable for schooner masts, and good mules. Because new technologies constantly replace old ones, we can never run out of important natural resources.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion?
(A) The masts and hulls of some sailing ships built today are still made of wood.
(B) There are considerably fewer mules today than there were 100 years ago.
(C) The cost of some new technologies is often so high that the companies developing them might actually lose money at first.
(D) Dwindling supplies of a natural resource often result in that resource's costing more to use.
(E) The biological requirements for substances like clean air and clean water are unaffected by technological change.
Ans: E
不明白E为什么削弱了。
谢谢！作者: 卧室春竹 时间: 2003-2-4 22:01
恩.........
我认为..１the skills of the surgeon who uses it 与 new surgical procedures might be found to be intrinsically more harmful 有区别的
２ When the supply of a given resource dwindles, alternative technologies allowing the use of different resources develop, and demand for the resource that was in short supply naturally declines． 就说了 如果一种资源ｄｗｉｎｄｌｅｓ了 ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ就会使得不同的资源ｄｅｖｌｏｐ 但是Ｅ说了 比如 ＡＩＲ ＷＡＴＥＲ 不受 ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ的影响 肯定就起到了 削弱的作用．．．
个人意见 大家讨论作者: joywzy 时间: 2003-2-5 07:49 标题: 谢谢春竹！
你解释得对！
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