标题: 关于with的用法（每日一个语法） [打印本页]
作者: 猫猫头 时间: 2002-11-27 17:10
在我考试的时候，我觉得最难的一道（就是我最不确定的一道，就是考with的）
作者: yiyuan05 时间: 2002-11-27 18:44
这是我原来总结的。
1.表共同,伴随--与...(一起),带着...
2.表属性,所有--有...的,...的.表此用法时:WITH常用关系代词+HAVE代替
3.表手段,工具--以....,用...
4.表材料--用...,以...
5.表一致--与...(符合)
6.表赞成--赞成...
7.表结合--偕同...,连同...
8.表比例--配合...,随着...
9.表对象--对于...,表此用法时,多半与表感情的形容词或当形容词用的动词过去分词连用
EG.CONTENT WITH ONE'S JOB
10.表对立,敌对--跟...,对...
11.表原因,理由--为...,因...,表此用法时多半与表情绪的词连用
EG.JUMP WITH EXCITEMENT
12.表同时,经过--随着...,与..一起
13.表连结--与...,给..
14.表委托--委任
15.表样子,做法--以...,以...方法
16.附带状况--...着,表此用法时与名词+副词(短语),形容词(短语)连用,且 WITH 常可省.
EG.HE CAME IN,(WITH A) GLASS IN (HIS) HAND.
作者: tongxun 时间: 2002-11-27 21:00 标题: 关于with的用法（每日一个语法）
每日一个语法[em26]
关于：with[em26]
词性：介词
作为介词，与其他结构构成短语，在句子中起状语、定语、表语或复合宾语的作用。
1）表示和、同、与
This has futher strengthened our ties with them。
2）用、以
Knowledge begins with practice
3）表示原因
The poor woman was trembling with fear
His hands were rough with work
4）带有
These apartment houses are for workers with families。
China is a country with a population of over a billion。
5）引起状语，说明方式
He went home with a heavy heart。
Everybody is working with great enthusiasm
6）和一复合结构构成短语，用做状语，说明方式
He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded。
The day was bright， with a fresh breeze blowing。
with the matter settled， he went home。
7）就。。。来说
Everything was going well with us
8）随着
with the battle of Waterloo， Napoleon‘s rule in Europe was ended。
9）尽管
with all his shortcoming， he was a conscientious worker。
10）引起短语做表语
Diana is with the children。
以下为在OG中所出现过的with的用法：
19. In addition to having more protein -than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, [em26]with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
25. The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, [em26]with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and excited enormous interest whenever they were put on show.
104. The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian--vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, with meat as a rarity.
113. Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches. [U]seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, [em26]with arms and legs hanging.[/U]
119. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, [U]significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business [/U]of more than $100 billion a year.
(C)significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already [em26]with business costs of
In C, already with business costs of... is awkward and unclear, failing to specify that those prior effects generate the cost
114、 From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, [em26]with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
192. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to [U]which has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words[/U].
(D)[em26]with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it
D offers an awkward adverbial construction, which cannot be used to modify nouns.
158. [em26][U]With[/U] only 5 percent of the world's population, United States citizens consume 28 percent of its nonrenewable resources, drive more than one-third of its automobiles, and use 21 times more water per capita than Europeans do.
[em26]With in choice A confusingly suggest that United States citizens somehow possess, rather than constitute, 5 percent of the world's population.
205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, [em26]with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves."
212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.
(E)[em26]with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve
In E，[em26]with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.
198、Although Napoleon's army entered Russia [em26]with far more supplies than they had for any previous campaigncampaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
200. Certain pesticides can become ineffective if used repeatedly in the same place: one reason is suggested by the finding that there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils [em26]with a relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are free of such chemicals。
欢迎大家补充、讨论！
*********************
yiyuan05：[em26]
这是我原来总结的。
1.表共同,伴随--与...(一起),带着...
2.表属性,所有--有...的,...的.表此用法时:WITH常用关系代词+HAVE代替
3.表手段,工具--以....,用...
4.表材料--用...,以...
5.表一致--与...(符合)
6.表赞成--赞成...
7.表结合--偕同...,连同...
8.表比例--配合...,随着...
9.表对象--对于...,表此用法时,多半与表感情的形容词或当形容词用的动词过去分词连用
EG.CONTENT WITH ONE'S JOB
10.表对立,敌对--跟...,对...
11.表原因,理由--为...,因...,表此用法时多半与表情绪的词连用
EG.JUMP WITH EXCITEMENT
12.表同时,经过--随着...,与..一起
13.表连结--与...,给..
14.表委托--委任
15.表样子,做法--以...,以...方法
16.附带状况--...着,表此用法时与名词+副词(短语),形容词(短语)连用,且 WITH 常可省.
EG.HE CAME IN,(WITH A) GLASS IN (HIS) HAND.
[此贴子已经被tongxun于2002-11-27 21:00:22编辑过]
作者: lucylu 时间: 2002-11-27 23:16
谢 谢tongxun 的 总 结 和yiyuan05 的 补 充。[em12]
作者: maryland 时间: 2002-11-28 00:04
好详细的解释啊，tongxunGG和yiyuan05MM辛苦了！！[em23]
作者: yiyuan05 时间: 2002-11-28 11:10
As的用法
一、AS作介词
1. as 作“以。。。身份”或“当作”解释时，后面跟有表示 身份、职业、地位、人的特征的名词作宾语
2. 作介宾的as常用来作补语
※注意：在GMAT中，“as being sth./as being adj.”这两种的表达都是错误的，应省去being。
二、AS作连词
1. 表示时间
意为“随着….”，表示两个同时在演变的情况。
2. 表示原因
3. 表示让步
语气比although,though强一些，注意句中的语序变化。
4. 表示动作的方式，强调某一动作与另一动作的相似性。（GMAT考核的重心）
※考到的AS表方式的句型：
(1) a do (does) sth.., just as b do(does);
(2) just as c do(did,does)sth., so b do(did, does);
(3) just as c do, so too+倒装句子/正常语序的句子。可译为“正如…，同样地…”
三、AS作为关系代词
1. 跟在“the same +名词”结构之后，相当于一个定语从句的引导词（相当于关系代词或关系副词，who, that, when, whom, where）as的先行词为the same所修饰的名词。这时as可以用that替换。
2. 相当于上一种用法的省略结构，仅使用于系表结构，即：
（1）.sth./sb+系动词+the same +介词+ sth./sb. +as+介词+sth./sb（前后介词一样）：某物对于某人和某对于另一个人是一样的。
（2）sth.+系动词+the same as +sth.，表示某物和某物是一样的。
3. AS 指代前面的整个句子，而不是某一个词或词语。AS所指代的句子可在AS从句中充当主语、宾语和表语。
四、AS构成的固定词语
1. such as表示举例，而不用like。后面跟名词、动名词，但不可跟句子
2. as…go就….一般情况来说；与一般的情况来比较而言
3. so..as to
4. even as=just as
5. as long as=if
6. inasmuch as=because
7. not so much…as 与其说…不如说
※AS WELL AS的巧用：
1. eg. He speaks French as well as English.
=He can speak English and French as well.
在此句子中的as well as 相当于副词and…as well，常译为“也”。
2. eg. Work in moderation is healthy as well as agreeable to the human constitution.
=Work in moderation is both healthy and agreeable to the human constitution.
在此句子中的as well as 相当于连词both…and，通常译为“既…又”
3. eg. He has experience as well as knowledge.
=He has not only knowledge but also experience.
在此句子中的as well as 相当于连词not only …but also，译为“不仅…而且”
4. eg. As well as walking, he likes fishing and shooting.
=In addition to walking, he likes fishing and shooting.
在此句子中的as well as 相当于介词besides或介词短语 in addition to，译为“除了…之外，还…”
[em19][em19][em19][em19]
[此贴子已经被yiyuan05于2002-11-28 11:10:43编辑过]
作者: lucylu 时间: 2002-11-29 01:38 标题: Modifier Placement
Modifier Placement
Basic Principle: Modifiers are like teenagers: they fall in love with whatever they're next to. Make sure they're next to something they ought to modify!
[em26]Variety in Modifier Placement[em26]
Using Initial Modifiers:
Dependent Clause: Although she wasn't tired, Maria went to sleep.
Infinitive Phrase: To please her mother, Maria went to sleep.
Adverb: Quickly and quietly, Maria went to sleep.
Participial Phrase: Hoping to feel better, Maria went to sleep.
Using Mid-Sentence Modifiers:
Appositive: Maria, an obedient child, went to sleep.
Participial Phrase: Maria, hoping to catch up on her rest, went to sleep.
Using Terminal Modifiers:
Present Participial Phrase: Maria went to sleep, hoping to please her mother.
Past Participial Phrase/Adjectival Phrase: Maria went to sleep, lulled by music.
Maria went to sleep, awakening to scary dreams, relieved when it was morning.
Combining Modifiers:
Quickly and quietly, Maria, a young girl, went to sleep hoping to please her mom.
[em26]MISPLACED MODIFIER[em26]
Some modifiers, especially simple modifiers — only, just, nearly, barely — have a bad habit of slipping into the wrong place in a sentence. (In the sentence below, what does it mean to "barely kick" something?)
Confusion
He barely kicked that ball twenty yards.
Repair Work
He kicked that ball barely twenty yards.
The issue of the proper placement of "only" has long been argued among grammarians. Many careful writers will insist that "only" be placed immediately before the word or phrase it modifies. Thus "I only gave him three dollars" would be rewritten as "I gave him only three dollars." Some grammarians, however, have argued that such precision is not really necessary, that there is no danger of misreading "I only gave him three dollars" and that "only" can safely and naturally be placed between the subject and the verb. The argument has been going on for two hundred years.
[em26]DANGLING MODIFIER[em26]
When we begin a sentence with a modifying word, phrase, or clause, we must make sure the next thing that comes along can, in fact, be modified by that modifier. When a modifier improperly modifies something, it is called a "dangling modifier." This often happens with beginning participial phrases, making "dangling participles" an all too common phenomenon. In the sentence below, we can't have a car changing its own oil.
Confusion
Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, the car seemed to run better.
Repair Work
Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, Fred found he could get much better gas mileage.
A participial phrase followed by an Expletive Construction will often be a dangling participle — but the expletive construction is probably not a good idea anyway. This faulty sentence can be remedied by changing the participial phrase into a full-fledged clause with a subject and verb.
Confusion
Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, there is an easy way to keep your car running smoothly.
Repair Work
If we change the oil every 3,000 miles, we can keep our car running smoothly.
A participial phrase followed by a Passive Verb is also apt to be a dangler because the real actor of the sentence will be disguised.
Confusion
Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, the car was kept in excellent condition.
Repair Work
Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, we kept the car in excellent condition.
An infinitive phrase can also "dangle." The infinitive phrase below should probably modify the person(s) who set up the exercise program.
Confusion
To keep the young recruits interested in getting in shape, an exercise program was set up for the summer months.
Repair Work
To keep the young recruits interested in getting in shape, the coaching staff set up an exercise program for the summer months.
[em26]SQUINTING MODIFIER[em26]
A third problem in modifier placement is described as a "squinting modifier." This is an unfortunate result of an adverb's ability to pop up almost anywhere in a sentence; structurally, the adverb may function fine, but its meaning can be obscure or ambiguous. For instance, in the sentence below, do the students seek advice frequently or can they frequently improve their grades by seeking advice? You can't tell from that sentence because the adverb often is "squinting" (you can't tell which way it's looking). Let's try placing the adverb elsewhere.
Confusion
Students who seek their instructors' advice often can improve their grades.
Repair Work
Student who often seek their instructors' advice can improve their grades.
Repair Work
Students who seek their instructors' advice can often improve their grades.
[此贴子已经被lucylu于2002-11-29 1:38:15编辑过]
作者: Darren 时间: 2002-11-29 16:58
这东西不错，哪里找到的呀？？？lucylu
作者: lucylu 时间: 2002-11-29 17:49
[em12]网站GUIDE TO GRAMMAR AND WRITING,
有关Grammar和Writing的好网站
作者: Darren 时间: 2002-11-29 23:06
是这个网站吗？我在google上查的：
http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/
作者: lucylu 时间: 2002-11-29 23:17
You're right.
你可以直接点击我的帖子上的链接进入。
[em12]
作者: maryland 时间: 2002-11-30 18:30
*主谓一致
1．主语后的修饰语及插入成分不影响主谓一致。
2．定语从句中的主谓一致原则：
（1）n1 of n2 that verb : 谓语由逻辑关系判断
（2）（only/but） one of + 复数名词 that verb: 谓语用复数
（3）the (only) one of + 复数名词 that verb: 谓语用单数
3．倒装结构：谓语由主语决定
（1）全倒装开头形式：分词短语，形容词短语，介词短语置于句首。
（2）部分倒装
4．物质名词做主语，谓语用单数。
5．学科名词，疾病等做主语，谓语用单数。
注意：统计数据statistics谓语用复数。
6．不定式，分词短语，that从句做主语，谓语用单数。
7．What从句做主语时，谓语形式由其后的名词决定。
（1）what在从句中充当宾语：
What we want is flower.
What we want are flowers & tears.
(2) what在从句中充当主语时，主句谓语由主句主语决定：
What is difficult to understand is the use of the word “what”.
What is difficult to understand are A & B,
8. 复数名词/复数代词 + each ：谓语用复数
The students each love reading.
9. A or B, not A but B, not only A but (also) B, either A or B, neither A nor B: 谓语由邻近的名词B决定。
10．A with B; A, including B; A as well as B: 谓语由A决定。
11．分数/百分数 + of + n: 谓语由其后的n决定。
12．None of + n：一般用单数谓语。
13．There be A & B : 谓语由A决定
14．一组+n：谓语用单数
a body of, a group of, a collection of, an array of + n
There is a body of people.
作者: lucylu 时间: 2002-12-1 22:09
Parallel Form
This principle, that of parallel construction, requires that expressions of similar content and function should be outwardly similar. The likeness of form enables the reader to recognize more readily the likeness of content and function. Familiar instances from the Bible are the Ten Commandments, the Beatitudes, and the petitions of the Lord's Prayer.
Unskillful writers often violate this principle, from a mistaken belief that they should constantly vary the form of their expressions. It is true that in repeating a statement in order to emphasize it writers may have need to vary its form. But apart from this, writers should follow carefully the principle of parallel construction.
[em26]Faulty Parallelism
Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.
[em26]Corrected Version
Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.
The left-hand version gives the impression that the writer is undecided or timid; he seems unable or afraid to choose one form of expression and hold to it. The right-hand version shows that the writer has at least made his choice and abided by it.
By this principle, an article or a preposition applying to all the members of a series must either be used only before the first term or else be repeated before each term.
[em26]Faulty Parallelism
The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese
[em26]Corrected Version
The French, the Italians, the Spanish, and the Portuguese
[em26]Faulty Parallelism
In spring, summer, or in winter
[em26]Corrected Version
In spring, summer, or winter (In spring, in summer, or in winter)
Correlative expressions (both, and; not, but; not only, but also; either, or; first, second, third; and the like) should be followed by the same grammatical construction. Many violations of this rule can be corrected by rearranging the sentence.
[em26]Faulty Parallelism
It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.
[em26]Corrected Version
The ceremony was both long and tedious.
[em26]Faulty Parallelism
A time not for words, but action
[em26]Corrected Version
A time not for words, but for action
[em26]Faulty Parallelism
Either you must grant his request or incur his ill will.
[em26]Corrected Version
You must either grant his request or incur his ill will.
[em26]Faulty Parallelism
My objections are, first, the injustice of the measure; second, that it is unconstitutional.
[em26]Corrected Version
My objections are, first, that the measure is unjust; second, that it is unconstitutional.
When making comparisons, the things you compare should be couched in parallel structures whenever that is possible and appropriate.
[em26]Faulty Parallelism
My income is smaller than my wife.
[em26]Corrected Version
My income is smaller than my wife's.
作者: lucylu 时间: 2002-12-3 21:05
[em26][12月3日][em26]
Plague Words and Phrases
Avoid problems created by these words or phrases:
[U]And also[/U]This is often redundant.
[U]And/or[/U] Outside of the legal world, most of the time this construction is used, it is neither necessary nor logical. Try using one word or the other.
[U]As to whether[/U] The single word whether will suffice.
[U]Basically, essentially, totally [/U]These words seldom add anything useful to a sentence. Try the sentence without them and, almost always, you will see the sentence improve.
[U]Being that[/U] or [U]being as[/U] These words are a non-standard substitute for because. [I]Being that [/I](should be eliminated)Because I was the youngest child, I always wore hand-me-downs.
[U]Considered to be [/U]Eliminate the to be and, unless it's important who's doing the considering, try to eliminate the entire phrase.
[U]Due to the fact that[/U] Using this phrase is a sure sign that your sentence is in trouble. Did you mean because? Due to is acceptable after a linking verb (The team's failure was due to illness among the stars.); otherwise, avoid it.
[U]Each and every[/U] One or the other, but not both.
[U]Equally as[/U] Something can be equally important or as important as, but not equally as important.
[U]Etc.[/U] This abbreviation often suggests a kind of laziness. It might be better to provide one more example, thereby suggesting that you could have written more, but chose not to.
[U]He/she[/U] is a convention created to avoid gender bias in writing, but it doesn't work very well and it becomes downright obtrusive if it appears often. Use he or she or pluralize (where appropriate) so you can avoid the problem of the gender-specific pronoun altogether.
[U]Firstly, secondly, thirdly[/U], etc. Number things with first, second, third, etc. and not with these adverbial forms.
[U]Got[/U] Many writers regard got as an ugly word, and they have a point. If you can avoid it in writing, do so. I [I]have got to[/I](should be eliminated) must begin studying right away. I have [I]got[/I](should be eliminated) two pairs of sneakers.
[U]Had ought or hadn't ought[/U]. Eliminate the auxiliary had. You [I]hadn't[/I](should be eliminated) ought not to pester your sister that way.
[U]Interesting [/U]One of the least interesting words in English, the word you use to describe an ugly baby. If you show us why something is interesting, you're doing your job.
[U]In terms of[/U] See if you can eliminate this phrase.
[U]Irregardless[/U] No one word will get you in trouble with the boss faster than this one.
[U]Kind of or sort of[/U]. These are OK in informal situations, but in formal academic prose, substitute somewhat, rather or slightly. We were [I]kind of [/I](should be eliminated) rather pleased with the results.
[U]Literally [/U]This word might be confused with literarily, a seldom used adverb relating to authors or scholars and their various professions. Usually, though, if you say it's "literally a jungle out there," you probably mean figuratively, but you're probably better off without either word.
[U]Lots[/U] or [U]lots of[/U] In academic prose, avoid these colloquialisms when you can use many or much. Remember, when you do use these words, that lots of something countable are plural. Remember, too, that a lot of requires three words: "He spent a lot of money" (not alot of).
[U]Just[/U] Use only when you need it, as in just the right amount.
[U]Nature [/U]See if you can get rid of this word. Movies of a violent nature are probably just violent movies.
[U]Necessitate[/U] It's hard to imagine a situation that would necessitate the use of this word.
[U]Of[/U] Don't write would of, should of, could of when you mean would have, should have, could have.
[U]On account of[/U] Use because instead.
[U]Only[/U] Look out for placement. Don't write "He only kicked that ball ten yards" when you mean "He kicked that ball only ten yards."
[U]Orientate[/U] The new students become oriented, not orientated. The same thing applies to [U]administrate [/U]-- we administer a project.
[U]Per[/U] Use according to instead. We did it per your instructions? Naah. (This word is used frequently in legal language and in technical specifications, where it seems to be necessary and acceptable.)
[U]Plus[/U] Don't use this word as a conjunction. Use and instead.
[U]Point in time[/U] Forget it! At this time or at this point or now will do the job.
[U]Previous[/U] as in "our previous discussion." Use earlier or nothing at all.
[U]So as to[/U] Usually, a simple to will do.
[U]Suppose to, use to.[/U] The hard "d" sound in supposed to and used to disappears in pronunciation, but it shouldn't disappear in spelling. "We used to do that" or "We were supposed to do it this way."
[U]The reason why is because.[/U] Deja vu all over again!
[U]Thru[/U] This nonstandard spelling of through should not be used in academic prose.
[U]'Til[/U] Don't use this word instead of until or till, even in bad poetry.
[U]Try and[/U] Don't try and do something. Try to do something.
[U]Thusly [/U]Use thus or therefore instead.
[U]Utilize[/U] Don't use this word where use would suffice. (Same goes for utilization.)
[U]Very, really, quite (and other intensifiers)[/U] Like basically, these words seldom add anything useful. Try the sentence without them and see if it improves.
[em12]
作者: want 时间: 2002-12-6 12:56
good job!!!
作者: lucylu 时间: 2002-12-8 15:25
[em26]12月8日[em26]
Confusion: Its Sources and Remedies
Some travelers claim they don't mind getting lost on the highways; they even enjoy it. It's a way of discovering new places, they say, of finding new paths. No one, however, enjoys getting lost when she's reading. And the possibilities for getting lost, the potential sources of confusion, are in every sentence, every turn of phrase. There is the large scale to consider: an essay's organization and the transitions from one idea to the next, the way ideas are introduced and matters concluded. (See the section on Coherence for help with such matters.) Within the sentence itself, however, there are many places where our readers can get lost.
The problem is that—unlike rereading our own essays for misplaced commas and misspelled words—we often can't see where a reader can get lost. We know where our sentence was headed, we know what we had in mind, so we're not apt to understand someone else's confusion. This section of the Guide to Grammar and Writing addresses the sources of and remedies for confusion at the level of sentence structure. (At the level of individual words—words that we often confuse because they sound like other words—please review another section, the Notorious Confusables.)
[em26]Misfits and Bad Equations[em26]
(sometimes called "Mixed Constructions")
Think of a sentence as a kind of mathematical structure, an equation requiring two parts: the subject, which is what any sentence is about, and the predicate, which is what we're going to say about this subject. Sometimes we set up both in ways that are perfectly reasonable, separately, but when we put the two together, they just don't fit.
[em19]Confusion
Although the season has not yet begun has caused the public to get over anxious for information about the team.
Repair Work
Although the season has not yet begun, the public is overly anxious for information about the team.
This sentence begins with an adverb clause, which is a legitimate way to begin a sentence, but an adverb clause can't act as a noun; it can't be a subject. In the repaired sentence, we've allowed the adverb clause to do its normal modifying work and made "public" the subject of the independent clause. This can happen with structures other than adverb clauses—like prepositional phrases.
[em19]Confusion
In its attempt to spark sales of season tickets broke several rules about pre-season publicity.
Repair Work
In its attempt to spark sales of season tickets, the basketball program broke several rules about pre-season publicity.
Repair Work
The basketball program's attempt to spark sales of season tickets broke several rules about pre-season publicity.
It is not impossible for a prepositional phrase to serve as the subject, but it's quite rare in formal prose, and quite unlikely for this sentence. We can either allow the prepositional phrase to modify the independent clause or allow a new subject, the "basketball program," to own the information in the prepositional phrase.
It is sometimes tempting to allow what we could call a "double start," a sentence which actually has two subjects in a situation that calls for one.
[em19]Confusion
The new system of student registration, we began to use it in the fall.
Repair Work
We began to use the new system of student registration in the fall.
A similar source of confusion occurs with another kind of mixed construction, when we allow a complete sentence to act as the subject of another sentence.
[em19]Confusion
Beginning in the fall of 1997, we began to use the system called Banner, was the responsibility of the registrar's office.
Repair Work
Beginning in the fall of 1997, we began to use the system called Banner. The Registrar's office was responsible for this initial project.
Another mixed construction is the result of an adverbial phrase (frequently the combination of a preposition and a gerund) acting as the subject of a sentence.
[em19]Confusion
By devising carefully worded forms ahead of time made the registrar's job much easier.
Repair Work
Devising carefully worded forms ahead of time made the Registrar's job much easier.
Adverbial clauses cannot be allowed to act as subjects, either.
[em19]Confusion
Even if students' records are lost in the shuffle of registration does not mean they will have to start the process over.
Repair Work
Even if students' records are lost in the shuffle of registration, they will not necessarily have to start the process over.
Repair Work
Students do not have to start the process over if their records are lost in the registration shuffle.
If the subject-predicate equation hinges on a to be verb, we must be careful that the elements on either side of the verb are equal in kind and that they can, in fact, be equated.
[em19]Confusion
Those who want the new fieldhouse on campus and those who want it in the city would be an unlikely place at this time.
Repair Work
Those who want the new fieldhouse on campus and those who want it in the city will have to agree on the best place for it to be built.
The phrases "the reason is because" and "the reason why is because" have crept into our language in spite of their inherent redundancy. The word reason means why or because, so to create a subject-predicate equation in which the subject means the same thing as itself is redundant. Think "the reason that" and the problem is solved.
[em19]Confusion
The reason they were so eager to sell tickets is because they're trying to refurbish the old fieldhouse.
Repair Work
They reason they were so eager to sell tickets is that they're trying to refurbish the old fieldhouse.
Repair Work
They were so eager to sell tickets because they're trying to refurbish the old fieldhouse.
Two more phrases that create subject-predicate difficulty are is when and is where, especially when we're trying to create our own definitions. A definition must consist of nouns on both sides of the equation represented by the to be verb, not a noun and an adverb clause.
[em19]Confusion
Libel is when you print something that can ruin someone else's reputation.
Confusion
Libel is where you've printed something that can ruin someone else's reputation.
Repair Work
Libel is the publication of material that can ruin someone else's reputation.
[此贴子已经被lucylu于2002-12-8 15:25:43编辑过]
作者: bluehero_3 时间: 2003-3-18 20:47
the same as
the same that
as的确可以充当关系代词，但是！不能充当关系副词！
That 既可以充当关系代词，又可以充当关系副词。
这是重点考点！记住！
作者: bluehero_3 时间: 2003-3-18 20:52
the same as
the same that
as的确可以充当关系代词，但是！不能充当关系副词！
That 既可以充当关系代词，又可以充当关系副词。
这是重点考点！记住！
作者: success2002 时间: 2003-3-25 21:31
其实在ETS中WITH的用法很简单，大家没必要花费如此大的精力记如此多的用法
作者: 火龙果 时间: 2003-3-26 21:40
it is such a good website! thanks!
作者: mialanhero 时间: 2004-9-2 14:52
有别的介词马
作者: 莱莱 时间: 2004-10-23 16:09
非常感谢！
作者: lololo 时间: 2005-2-28 13:33
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作者: shje 时间: 2005-3-2 09:43
great job!
作者: uniqueness 时间: 2006-8-27 20:41
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