LSAT逻辑题型及典型问法:
△加强题(Which one of the following statements, if added as a premise to the argument, would make the conclusion valid / strengthen the argument?; Which one of the following, if true, would make the conclusion in the passage a logical conclusion?; Which one of the following is an additional piece of information that would support the conclusion?)
△削弱题(Which one of the following statements, if true, most clearly undermines / seriously weaken the conclusion / argument?; Which one of the following assertions, if true, provides the most effective challenge to the author's conclusion?)
△假设题(Which one of the following is an assumption on which the author's argument relies?; Which one of the following most accurately states a hidden assumption that the author must make in order to advance the argument above?; Which one of the following is a presupposition essential to the reasoning in the passage above?)
△评价题(Which one of the following is the most accurate evaluation of the author's reply?; Which one of the following principles, if valid, justifies the author's argument?; Which one of the following would it be most helpful to know in order to evaluate the argument?)
△解释题(The author concludes that ... partly because...; Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly against the explanation reported in the passage?; Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why ...?; Which one of the following principles, if established, would justify the judgments about A's & B's actions?)
△矛盾解决题(也可归类到解释题里)(Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy between the two?; Which one of the following, if true, most helps explain the difference in...?; Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the author's decision with the goal stated in the passage?)
△结论(归纳)题(It can be concluded from the statements above that...; Which one of the following statements most accurately expresses the author's main point?; Which one of the following statements CANNOT be true?; Which one of the following inferences can be most reliably drawn from the passage above?; The passage as a whole is structured to lead to which one of the following conclusions?; Which one of the following is the best statement of the primary point of the passage?; Each of the following can be inferred from his argument EXCEPT...; Which one of the following claims is central to the author's argument?; If the statements above are true, then which one of the following must also be true?)
△句子完成(划线填空)题(Which one of the following is the best completion of the argument above?; Based on the passage above, which phrase does NOT provide a logical completion to the following sentence?)
△信息支持(反向加强)题(Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?; The statement above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following claim?)
△推理缺陷题(What is the flaw in the reasoning above?; The author's argument is logically flawed in that it...; The source of the man's erroneous reasoning is his...; The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that it...; )
△逻辑相似性题(Which one of the following is most similar in logic to the argument above?; Which one of the following exhibits the same logical flaw as that exhibited above?; Which one of the following could be best supported by the same type of reasoning as that exhibited in the passage?; Which one of the following contains the error of reasoning described by the author in the passage?; Which one of the following most closely parallels the flawed pattern of reasoning in the author's reply?)
△逻辑相悖题(In which one of the following situations is the principle expressed most clearly violated?)
△两人争论内容题(The source of A & B's dispute is their lack of agreement on which one of the following terms?; Which one of the following is the point at issue between A & B?)
△逻辑策略方法题(Which one of the following is the best line of causal analysis for A to do?; The author establishes his position in the passage by doing which one of the following?; The author of the passage argues by...;The argument seeks to do which one of the following?; A most seriously weakens B's argument by doing which one of the following?; Which one of the following techniques of argument does the author use in the passage?; A's statement most closely conforms to which one of the following principles?; The relationship if A's response to B's argument is that A's response...; A responds to B's argument by...How is A's response related to B's argument?)
(注:有些问法可以归为不止一类;一些较冷僻的问法没有列在括号里,但应该不会影响判断。)
从以上题型可以看出,LSAT前几种题型和GMAT是完全一样的,这类题要么难度和GMAT不相上下,要么在阅读难度和逻辑绕圈子上难一些,是较之GMAT更上一层楼的题。
后几种涉及到逻辑推理的具体方法,GMAT中没涉及到,但其实后几种才是LSAT的精华,才是真正提高逻辑水平的训练,才是LSAT借以CRACK GMAT的法宝,所以是不能略去不做的。
GMAT逻辑有“句子作用题”,LSAT中没涉及到,但基本上靠费费给的方法就能搞定,有阅读能力作后盾这种题更是小菜。(通过练习逻辑策略方法题,做句子作用题的能力可以得到很大的提高。)
杨继说:“GRE,GMAT决不配做我们长期从事的事业,也不算什么实力的象征,甚至没有资格称得上是一种真正的技能。……但凡此类又臭又硬的障碍物,过得去是第一要务,蹦两米过去和跳二十米过去都一样。”我很同意他的观点。为了申请学校,GMAT分数不一定要很高,分数很高也不一定就能顺利出去。所以,首先,给自己定个明确的、可以达到的目标,以防目标太高达不到搞得自己精疲力竭郁卒懊恼;其次,选择正确的方法努力奋斗,使出十二分心力去复习GMAT;再次,心中默念“谋事在人成事在天”,以轻松的心态看待考试和成绩。考得好祝贺你,考不好不代表你比别人差。(那天看从学校图书馆借来的巴朗的两千版GMAT指南,里面说GMAT分数低于250和高于700都属于不正常,机考以来,2/3的成绩在380-600之间,平均成绩在480-490之间。费允杰说据新东方的统计数字,一期GMAT班大约七八百人,其中大多数人的分数在600-650之间,上700的每期不超过10-20人,在650-700之间的不超过60-70人。)最后,请记住:
THERE ARE MUCH MORE THINGS BEYOND GMAT IN YOUR LIFE.
□□□□结语□□□□
祝各位心想事成。觉得本贴对你有帮助,一定要请我吃饭。古人讲“饮食男女”,后者我有着落了,想“多多益善”也不敢;前者可一直是来者不拒,照单全收。(Just Kidding, Never Mind.:-)