在gratuitous assumption里面有这么一句表述：除非除了A以外，所以的影响B的因素保持不变，作者的评论才具有说服力，应该是下面那一种表述？
1. Unless the arguer provide sound and solid evidences that except A, all other factors that can except impact on B remain unchanged,( can the argument be convincing.)
2. Unless the arguer provide sound and solid evidences that except A, all other factors that can except impact on B remain unchanged,( the argument can not be convincing.)
还有在All Things Are Equal中：
Unless it is clearly stated that all things are equal, can the reasoning be effective/ the reasoning can not be effective
在调查研究中：
Unless it can be shown that A1 is representative for all A, it is possible that the author's argument is warranted/ the argument can not be warranted.
在错误类别中：
Unless the author clearly indicates that both A and B are not different in any pertinent element, no analogy can be made/ can the analogy be made.
