114. Normally, the pineal gland governs a person's sleep-wake cycle by secreting melatonin in response to the daily
cycle of light and darkness as detected bythe eye. Nonetheless, many people who are totally blind due to
lesions in the visual cortex of the brain easily maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle. So the neural pathway by
which the pineal gland receives information from the eye probably does not pass through the visual cortex.
For purposes of evaluating the argument it would be most useful to establish which of the following?
(A) Whether melatonin supplements help people who have difficulty maintaining a 24-hour sleep cycle to
establish such a pattern
(B) Whether the melatonin levels of most totally blind people who successfully maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake
cycle change in response to changes in exposure to light and darkness
(C) Whether melatonin is the only substance secreted by the pineal gland
(D) Whether most people who do not have a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle nevertheless have a cycle of consistent
duration
(E) Whether there are any people with normal vision whose melatonin levels respond abnormally to periods of
light and darkness
cannot understand why B is the right answer~
the neural pathway does not pass the virtex of brain because the people who have sth wrong with the virtex can still maintain the sleep-wake cycle, which is governed by some gland through secreting M in response to light and darkness detected by eye.
As to B , if we say yes, the level of M will change in response to exposure to light and darkness, and how can it support the argument?
Beg for help! thx!!!!作者: waytouing 时间: 2013-4-24 19:30
感谢一楼~~但是我一直困惑一个问题是为什么B里面的Most total blind people 就是上文的total blind people ue to
lesions in the visual cortex of the brain 呢? 这里用了most难道不应该是说明这里的total blind people 应该是泛指么?如果这样想的话,B就不能说明有没有VC能否形成通路了···啊···逻辑果然越想越纠结啊~~求指导!!!!!作者: zhima427 时间: 2013-5-2 06:22
选项: AC 是一回事儿,M的补充物、除了M的其他物质(M不唯一呢),没有描述逻辑链中语义要表达的对象,故无关
DE也差不多,D说睡醒周期异常的人,是否大多数有一个持续的时间周期;E说眼睛正常的人,是否有激素分泌水平异常
D、E都在扯人,不是在扯逻辑链的主体激素M
B 说是否大多完全瞎的人的激素M分泌水平,能够随亮暗的变化而变化
看不懂,估计B项的句子结构都没看懂啊
Whether 【the melatonin levels】 {of most totally blind people( who successfully maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake
cycle)}【 change】 in response to(介词!) changes in exposure to light and darkness作者: nancyyue1219 时间: 2013-5-6 06:23
我尝试分析了一下,觉得是这样: Premise 1:
Normally, the pineal gland governs a person’s sleep-wake cycle by secreting melatonin in response to the daily cycle of light and darkness as detected by the eye.
通常来说,PD响应/根据眼睛侦测到的明暗变化,[通过分泌M]相应地来控制人的睡醒循环。 神经传导链条是这样: 明/暗―→眼睛―→PG(M)―→睡/醒 或 【睡/醒←―PG(M)←―眼睛←―明/暗】 Premise 2:
Nonetheless, many people who are totally blind due to lesions in the visual cortex of the brain easily maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle.
然而,完全失明的人也能保持全天的睡醒循环。完全失明的人,其大脑的VC是被损伤了的。
也就是说盲人的VC坏了,但身体依然能够根据明暗变化而睡醒循环。
Conclusion: So the neural pathway by which the pineal gland receives information from the eye probably does not pass through the visual cortex.
因此说,PD从眼睛处接收明暗信息(而相应调控睡醒循环)的神经通路不经过VC。
答案B:Whether the melatonin levels of most totally blind people who successfully maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle change in response to changes in exposure to light and darkness
能成功维持睡醒循环系统的盲人体内,由PD分泌的M是否会根据暴露于阳光或黑暗的不同而变化。
因为evaluate题目也是assumption题目之一,找到assumption是解题关键。而与Find the assumption不同,不是找到assumption就好了,evaluate题目在找到assumption之后对其进行whether提问(也有很多其他形式,不一定是whether,建议大家看manhattan 第五版的逻辑)。
这题在找到assumption之后,就容易了。只有B,是对这个assumption的正反面提问。
If YES, strengthen the conclusion。
If NO, weaken the conclusion。
BINGO,这个就是正确答案啦。作者: krusher 时间: 2013-5-11 10:11