28-passage two

Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form an important art of the colorful signals

 used by many animals. Animals acquire carotenoids either directly (from the plants and 

algae that produce them) or indirectly (by eating insects) and store them in a variety of

 tissues. Studies of several animal species have shown that when choosing mates, females 

prefer males with brighter carotenoid-based coloration. Owens and Olson hypothesize 

that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, would be meaningful in the 

context of mate selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for health. The 

conventional (Line 15) view is that carotenoids are meaningful because they are rare: 

healthier males can forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior counterparts. 

Although this may be true, there is growing evidence that carotenoids are meaningful 

also because they are required: they are used by the immune system and for detoxification 

processes that are important for maintaining health. It may be that males can use scarce 

carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females. Males

that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to 

boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer 

carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy 

display instead.

28-13: Information in the passage suggests that which of the following is true of carotenoids that a male animal uses for detoxification processes? (D) E

A: They were not acquired directly from plants and algae

B: They cannot be replenished through foraging.

C: They cannot be used simultaneously to brighten coloration.

D: They do not affect the animal’s susceptibility to parasites.

E: They increase the chances that the animal will be selected as a mate.

请教NN们，这题选D还是E啊？？谢谢！！！谢谢！