In the year following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack of cigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent.In contrast, in the year prior to the tax increase, sales had fallen one percent.The volume of cigarette sales is therefore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes.
The argument above requires which of following assumptions?
During the year following the tax increase, the pretax price of a pack of cigarettes did not increase by as much as it had during the year prior to the tax increase.
The one percent fall in cigarette sales in the year prior to tax increase was due to a smaller tax increase.
The pretax price of a pack of cigarettes gradually decreased throughout the year before and the year after the tax increase.
For the year following the tax increase, the pretax price of a pack of cigarettes was not eight or more cents lower than it had been the previous year.
As the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes rises, the pretax price also rises.
ANSWER: D
想不通为啥选D,我的理解是A。
作者: haoqianruhaos 时间: 2012-2-21 19:16
想不通啊,有谁帮帮我呢,谢谢呀作者: Gabby308 时间: 2012-2-22 06:58
就在你提到的A和D之间做解释。
原题说了,federal tax 之前的一年,sales of cigarettes fell one percent;federal tax 之后的一年,sales of cigarettes fell ten percent。造成销售量(供需均衡量)大幅变化的原因不外有三:供给端的失衡,需求端的失衡,以及供需价格相反方向的大幅变化。
原题的结论是 volume of cigarette sales is therefore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes,那根据上面的推理,你只要证明after-tax price 在federal tax 之后的一年确实上涨了,从而可以解释sales of cigarettes fell ten percent,就可以了啊。反之,如果你不能证明after-tax price 真的上涨了,那 strongly related to 的推理就有麻烦了,无法严格成立了。
你选的A啊,只是提到了the pretax price of a pack of cigarettes did not increase by as much as it had during the year prior to the tax increase。我大概能猜到你的推理,无非就是pretax price 涨的不是那么的多,所以价格上涨体现在加了federal tax 的after-tax price 上,所以volume of cigarette sales 就和after-tax price strongly related 了。你的推理错误主要在于,题目是问你after-tax price 和volume of cigarette sales 的关系,本质上即使federal tax 不涨,只要pretax price 涨了,after-tax price 一样会涨,一样可以解释volume of cigarette sales 的下降。
看了上面的解释,为什么选D很明白了吧。the pretax price of a pack of cigarettes was not eight or more cents lower than it had been the previous year,这话的意思是pretax price 最多只能比去年低了个7 cent。那很明显啊,在pretax price 的基础上再加了个eight cent的federal tax ,那after-tax price 至少是比去年高了1 cent啊,所以确定无疑的after-tax price 是涨了,可以支持after-tax price 和sales of cigarettes fell ten percent之间有strongly related 的说法了。